eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Comparative prediction of digestive interactions dairy cows
No full textSession 40. The role of feed evaluation systems in feeding our livestock tomorrowInternational audienceModeling digestive interactions (DI) is a major difficulty in developing of feed unit systems, espcially for high yielding ruminants. DI generally lead to underestimation of the nutritive value of the ration. In the INRA Systali project, Sauvant and Nozière quantified by meta-analysis the DI induced by dry matter intake as a % of live weight (0.5<DMI<4.0), proportion of concentrate (0<PCO<0.8) and the rumen protein balance (-70<RPB<100, = CP – 6.25×(non NH3-N at duodenum), g/kgDM). The target was to compare, on a same database, the impacts of DI proposed by INRA, NRC (2001), and Finnish research workers. The comparison was performed on the MoSARCO database for dairy cows (874 treatments, 288 experiments focused on energy or protein supply). Expressed as discount factors<1 multiplicative of theoretical digestibility, the correction of NRC (2001) was a bit less than that of Systali (0.93±0.02 vs 0.89±0.03). In contrast, as the method to calculate NE from digestibility was not the same between the two systems, the correction in Mcal of Net Energy for Lactation (NEL/d) (CorrNEL) was larger for NRC than for INRA (-2.65±1.22 vs -2.03±1.31 Mcal/d). The correction for Finland (CorrNELFIN) was calculated from the dietary ME at maintenance (tabulated values), dietary CP, and DMI. Mean CorrNELFIN is close to CorrNELINRA (-1.99±1.13 vs -2.03±1.31 Mcal/d). The intra-experiment regressions between systems are: CorrNELNRC = 0.29 CorrNELINRA – 2.04, RMSE=0.56 and CorrNELFIN = 0.49 CorrNELINRA – 1.03, RMSE=0.46. The influence of DMI on CorrNEL was similar for the 3 systems; in contrast for NRC, the impact of PCO was lower, and NRC also provided an inverse sign for the correction for RPB, which led to less accurate results. In conclusion, calculated DI are different from one feed system to another
Platinaae : plateforme d’ingénieurie en chimie analytique au service de vos recherches
No full textLes recherches en écotoxicologie nécessitent aujourd’hui une détermination juste et précise des contaminants chimiques présents à l’état de traces dans des échantillons environnementaux, qu’ils soient physico-chimiques ou biologiques. Dans ce but, les laboratoires d’analyse sont sollicités pour produire des mesures de qualité sur des matrices variées (eaux, sols, plantes, organismes, produits résiduaires organiques…).PLATINAAE est la plateforme d’analyses chimiques de référence de l’INRA pour les sols, les plantes et plus généralement l’environnement. Cette plateforme est constituée de deux laboratoires : Le Laboratoire d’Analyses des Sols (LAS) situé à Arras et l’Unité de Service en Analyses Végétales et Environnementales (USRAVE) située à Bordeaux. Ces deux unités disposent d’un parc instrumental de haut niveau et sont accréditées par le COFRAC selon la norme ISO 17025. PLATINAAE analyse les éléments toxiques ou potentiellement toxiques (par exemple As, Cd, Hg, Pb…) dans les matrices environnementales et biologiques, ainsi que les polluants organiques (pesticides, herbicides, dioxines, PCB, HAP…) essentiellement dans les sols. La plateforme dispose également d’une offre concernant les paramètres pédo-agronomiques (pH, matière organique, éléments majeurs, granulométrie…).PLATINAAE travaille comme partenaire dans différents programmes de recherches nationaux et internationaux dont les thèmes sont liés à la contamination de l’environnement, le cycle biogéochimique des éléments, la qualité des sols ou la sécurité alimentaire. Parmi ces programmes de recherches figurent les projets européens ICOS et Biosoil, les observatoires de l’environnement nationaux tels que les SOEREs, le Réseau de Mesure de la Qualité des Sols ou le réseau RENECOFOR de surveillance des forêts.PLATINAAE développe des méthodes de chimie analytique innovantes en fonctions des besoins de ses partenaires (analyse de très petits échantillons, éléments en ultra traces, cartographie d’organes végétaux…).Ainsi, la plateforme s’est impliquée dans l’analyse de 9 ETM (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Tl et Zn) et de 8 éléments majeurs (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na et P) dans 650 échantillons de fractions subcellulaires de vers de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa. Les vers avaient été exposés aux ETM dans 31 sols agricoles présentant un gradient naturel de contamination et des caractéristiques pédogéochimiques contrastées. La méthode développée visait des analytes en faible concentration (de l’ordre du µg/l) dans les matrices biologiques. Les résultats ont permis d’étudier la relation entre disponibilité environnementale des ETM et compartimentation dans les vers, puis entre les concentrations en ETM dans les fractions subcellulaires des vers et l’expression des biomarqueurs enzymatiques. Ils ont conduit à une meilleure compréhension de la biodisponibilité des éléments traces pour les vers de terre et de l'impact en retour de leur activité sur la disponibilité des polluants dans les sols agricoles
A viability model of farming systems, the case of French West Indies
No full textCompléter avec les actes Compléter affilitation Compléter avec les actes Compléter affilitationCompléter avec les actesCompléter affilitationOne the aims of the multidisciplinary research project Gaia-Trop on viability and adaptive management of small tropical islands agro-systems, was to devise a new model of farm system using tools of the mathematical viability theory. It has been constructed in close cooperation with French West Indies farmers to take into account their needs and expectations. The main emerging points focused on soil degradation, pest disease and climatic risks and economic constraints. A specific software is being developed for the viability calculus that will be made available for this community. We present first insights of this model and results obtained for only one parcel and without taking uncertainties at this stage. lt highlights that the objective of restoring the soil quality in the long term can be unstainable for farmers facing with financial constraints. The issue of sharing the costs of the agro-ecological transition must be asked
Utilisation d'imagerie et d'ultrasons pour l'amélioration du rendement en chair par sélection génétique de la daurade
No full textInternational audienc
Overview of the regulatory network of plant seed development (SeeDev) task at the BioNLP shared task 2016
No full textThis paper presents the SeeDev Task of the BioNLP Shared Task 2016. The purpose of the SeeDev Task is the extraction from scientific articles of the descriptions of genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in seed development of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. The SeeDev task consists in the extraction of many different event types that involve a wide range of entity types so that they accurately reflect the complexity of the biological mechanisms. The corpus is composed of paragraphs selected from the full-texts of relevant scientific articles. In this paper, we describe the organization of the SeeDev task, the corpus characteristics, and the metrics used for the evaluation of participant systems. We analyze and discuss the final results of the seven participant systems to the test. The best F-score is 0.432, which is similar to the scores achieved in similar tasks on molecular biology
Is there a smart development for rural areas?: First lessons from a few sectoral studies
No full textHe is a research professor at the University of Paris Saclay and National Institute for Agronomic Research (INRA), involved in Agro Paris Tech. He is Vice President of ERSA (European Regional Science Association), Head of PSDR (Pour et Sur le Développement Régional) and Managing editor of RERU (Revue d’Économie Régionale et Urbaine). His current research has a multidisciplinary approach and is focused on questions related to land use planning and territorial development processes, particularly on two main areas: (1) Local interactions between innovative firms, particularly the role played by geographical proximity in the transfer of knowledge; and (2) Land use and neighbourhood conflicts. He is the scientific coordinator of the project TASTE Towards A Smart Rural Europe (http://taste-smarteurope.eu), a pluri-disciplinary research project supported by the European Commission and funding bodies in 4 countries in the framework of FP7 and the RURAGRI ERA-NET
Impact of both selection and plant-based diet on the regulation of stress response in rainbow trout
No full textInternational audienc
Déterminisme génétique de la texture de la chair de truite arc-en-ciel : intérêt de l'utilisation de lignées isogéniques
No full textInternational audienc
Impact of the gut microbiota on the neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to stress in rodents
No full textInternational audienceThe gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial ecosystem, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity exceeds that of the host genome. The gut microbiota is nowadays regarded as a full organ, likely to contribute to the development of pathologies when its dynamic balance is disrupted (dysbiosis). In the last decade, evidence emerged that the gut microbiota influences brain development and function. In particular, comparisons between germ-free and conventional laboratory rodents showed that the absence of the gut microbiota exacerbates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) system reactivity to stress and alters the anxiety-like behaviour. Furthermore, the dysfunctions observed in germ-free animals can be corrected if the gut microbiota is restored in early life but not in adulthood, suggesting a critical period for microbiota imprinting on the responsiveness to stress. The modes of action are still to be deciphered. They may involve transport of neuroactive bacterial metabolites to the brain through the bloodstream, stimulation of the vagus nerve or of entero-endocrine cells, or modulation of the immune system and, consequently, of the inflammatory status. The discovery that the gut microbiota regulates the neuroendocrine and behavioural responses to stress paves the way for the hypothesis that gut microbiota dysbioses could contribute to the pathophysiology of anxiety-related disorders. In this regard, treatments of anxiety-prone rodent strains with probiotics or antibiotics aimed at modifying their gut microbiota have shown an anxiolytic-like activity. Clinical trials are now needed to know if results obtained in preclinical studies can translate to humans