eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Characterization and diversity analysis of European local pig breeds and production systems under Treasure project framework
No full textInternational audienceTreasure is a multidisciplinary European Union H2020 funded project focused on the research and development of activities for the benefit of sustainable pork chains based on European local pig breeds and their production systems. One of the main objectives of the project is to demonstrate singularity of about 20 untapped local pig populations from nine European countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Germany and Lithuania) through phenotypic, genomic and transcriptomic activities. Genomic approaches include the use of high density SNP data, candidate gene analyses and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Untapped breeds are first characterized at the production system level through a specific survey addressed to collect census data, breed distribution and phenotypic traits and information on breed organizations and production chains. Genomic data analyses bring the possibility for the estimation of different population genetics and population genomics indicators, such as relative homozygosity and observed and expected genetic diversity of the studied local pig breeds, as well as the definition of the structure of meta-populations through the proportion of shared alleles/haplotypes among animals and population admixture parameters. Comparative analyses including commercial pig populations in Europe identify genome regions with evidence of selective sweeps or signatures of demographic events across breeds. WGS analyses are focused on population adaptation and resilience signatures. To complete the local pig breed characterization, identification of population-specific biological processes responsible for specific production traits and product quality will be achieved through transcriptomic and metagenomic assays under specific production systems and management conditions. Together all these analyses are expected to provide useful methods and DNA markers for authentication and traceability of mono-breed products, conservation of local pig genetic resources and development of specific breeding programs for sustainable pork production chains in Europe. The Treasure project is funded under European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, Grant No. 634476
Les Conférences Brésiliennes de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle, une utopie sociale
No full textCet article propose de rendre compte de l’évolution des politiques de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle au Brésil - un processus intimement lié à la redémocratisation du pays - et de leur globalisation comme l’a montré la 5ème conférence nationale qui s’est tenue à Brasilia en 2015. Cette dernière rencontre marque un moment particulier dans l’histoire de la conquête des droits et de la démocratie - le temps d’une gauche encore au pourvoir qui mobilise ses forces et réaffirme les priorités d’un Brésil sans misère. Elle est le lieu de convergence de tous ceux qui constituent la "société vulnérable" brésilienne et militent pour plus de justice foncière. Elle révèle aussi en creux les lignes de fracture qui travaillent le Brésil depuis plusieurs années et que l’actualité politique a fait éclater au grand jour
Designing an interdisciplinary laboratory to tackle governance foundations
No full textThe formal landscape of governance studies is obscure although governance has become a self-understanding practice in very discrepant fields. Our assumption is that governance relies on micro-foundations not captured through disciplinary procedures, which are better shaped for macro-foundations. We propose an interdisciplinary method mixing indirect approach and epistemic rigor. We chose as experimental field the ecosystem of science management, because i) it is one of the most ancient enterprise practicing governance and ii) each member of our team could provide the knowledge of actors, practitioners, managers and scholars using the same experimental device. We built a transient interdisciplinary laboratory using procedures offered by a new epistemic proposal, which opens the disciplinary fields on a generic space and allows the combination of different sources of knowledge with high rigor. In short, governance is considered as an integrative object encompassing a large diversity of dimensions. It is studied using a dynamic matrix crossing sources of knowledge corresponding to the dimensions (variables) with drivers of knowledge exchange (index) within a working community. We defined the minimal model for governance as the ratio of orchestration of collective organization over dynamic knowledge puzzling. We built the matrix with, as variables, the discrepant postures within the ecosystem of scientific knowledge production and as index the epistemic tools best linked to the two terms of the model namely discipline democracy and machinery for knowledge exchange. Each of the authors of the present article filled in the matrix, the cells provided then the scientific data to be processed in our interdisciplinary laboratory. The results are so far the precise description for governance of i) a model, ii) a style and iii) micro-foundations. All together they highlight the landscape in which searching for theories and give the interdisciplinary background as well as impulses to eventually design new ones.Bien que la notion de la gouvernance est de plus en plus utilisée dans des contextes divers, le paysage formel des études sur cette notion reste obscur. Notre hypothèse est que la gouvernance repose sur des micro-fondations, ces derniers n’étant pas saisies par les procédures disciplinaires. Nous proposons une méthode interdisciplinaire qui combine à la fois une approche indirecte et une rigueur épistémique. Nous choisissons le champ de la gestion des sciences pour mener notre expérience car i) il s’agit d’une des pratiques de gouvernance d’entreprise les plus anciennes et ii) ce champ se prête à ce que tous les membres de notre équipe contribuent avec des savoirs sur les praticiens, les managers et les chercheurs de tels dispositifs. Le résultat de ce travail consiste à une description précise de la gouvernance i) d’un modèle, ii) d’un style et ii) des micro-fondations. Ensemble, ces éléments fournissent les grandes lignes d’un paysage des théories de la gouvernance interdisciplinaire
Mechanisms related to a plant based diet utilization in three isogenic lines of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) assessed by transcriptomic analysis
No full textRésuméInternational audienc
Reproductive effects of gestational exposure to diesel exhaust in a rabbit model
No full textNational audienc
Adaptation of Pea to contrasted French regions : simulation of pea varieties with the AZODYN-Pea crop
No full textEA GEAPSI AGROSUP EA GEAPSI AGROSUPEAGEAPSIAGROSUPPea (Pisum sativum L.) is a particularly sensitive crop regarding abiotic stress throughout its cycle (Schneider and Huyghe 2015). Climate change results in the increase of the unpredictability of both the frequency and the intensity of these stresses (Stocker et al. 2013). To avoid abiotic stress, breeders have been developing, for the last fifteen years, winter pea varieties sown during autumn, more resistant to frost with an earlier flowering date than spring pea, as well as varieties called “Hr”, photoperiod-sensitive, that can be sown even earlier than regular winter types. However, despite the progress of winter type breeding, winter pea surfaces seldom reached more than 25000ha since 2000. Our aim was to study the performances of the different types of pea in contrasted French regions, for various climates, in order to adapt the choice of the pea type to the frequency and intensity of abiotic stress. For this purpose, the crop model Azodyn-Pea (Jeuffroy et al. 2012) was adapted to simulate various types of pea. The model was then used for the evaluation of the three types over the past ten years in different French regions in order to identify which type is most suited to each environment (climate, region). Here we show the potential of winter pea for various French climates. Azodyn-Pea will also allow, in a second phase, the exploration of novel combinations of plant traits in order to design ideotypes and contribute to the development of new varieties within each type
Evaluation of feruloylated and <em>p</em>-coumaroylated arabinosyl units in grass arabinoxylans by acidolysis in dioxane/methanol
No full textInternational audienceThe arabinosyl side chains of grass arabinoxylans are partially acylated by p-coumarate (pCA) and ferulate (FA). These aromatic side chains can cross-couple wall polymers resulting in modulation of cell wall physical properties. The determination of p-coumaroylated and feruloylated arabinose units has been the target of analytical efforts with trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysis the standard method to release feruloylated and p-coumaroylated arabinose units from arabinoxylans. Herein, we report on a more robust method to measure these acylated units. Acidolysis of extractive-free grass samples in a dioxane/methanol/aqueous 2 M HCl mixture provided the methyl 5-O-p-coumaroyl- and 5-O-feruloyl-L-arabinofuranoside anomers (pCA-MeAra and FA-MeAra). These conjugates were readily analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with both UV and MS detection. The method revealed the variability of the relative acylation of arabinose units by pCA or FA in grass cell walls. This methodology will permit delineation of hydroxycinnamate acylation patterns in arabinoxylans
Quantifying the pluri-centennial soil organic carbon pool using Rock-Eval pyrolysis
No full textQuantifying the pluri-centennial soil organic carbon pool using Rock-Eval pyrolysis. EGU General Assembly 2016 Conference Abstracts, European Geophysical Unio
