eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Feeding behaviour in dairy goats, a repeatable trait which can be measured automatically
No full textFeeding behaviour influences dry matter intake, but is highly variable between animals. It is a key factor to explain the interindividual variation in the evolution of rumen pH, and therefore of occurrence of acidosis which differs from one animal to another, even when fed the same diet. Phenotyping feeding behaviour is thus of interest for quantifying some of the variation in digestive efficiency, and therefore in feed efficiency, especially in intensive systems with a high proportion of acidogenic ingredients in the diet. The aim of this work was to look for repeatable and pertinent criteria to evaluate this trait. Feeding behaviour was assessed at three different periods (1st lactation, 2nd gestation + lactation, 2nd lactation) on thirty-five goats born at the same time. They were housed in individual crates with automatic measurement of the quantity of feed eaten every 2 min, and fed ad libitum a complete ration adapted to requirements. One third of the feed was delivered after the morning milking and two thirds after the afternoon milking according to the intervals between milkings. The evolution of feed intake during 15 hours after the afternoon allowance was measured on 3 or 4 days in each period. Two phenotypes were automatically measured and analysed: Q90 (quantity of diet consumed by 90 min post afternoon feed allowance), P90 (Q90/Total quantity of feed consumed after the afternoon feed allowance). In earlier work, these two parameters were highly linked with the occurrence of acidosis. Intra-period individual repeatabilities were very high. The value for one period was highly correlated with that of a preceding one for the P90 criteria, but only tended to be correlated for the Q90 criteria. Given this repeatability, it is possible to characterise the feeding behaviour of a goat during its first lactation and, for example, to adjust the feeding of the animals with the lowest P90 or Q90 in the following lactations, in order to decrease the occurrence of acidosis in the herd. These results on the variability of intake rate show that simple criteria could be found to phenotype goats on intake rate in precision livestock farming systems
Work organization in livestock farms: experiences from the use of the work assessment method
No full textWork organization in livestock farms: experiences from the use of the work assessment method. International Symposium on Work in Agricultur
Whole genome association analysis of resistance / susceptibility to paratuberculosis in French Holstein and Normande cattle
No full textNational audienc
Striatal and cingulate fMRI responses to unexpected taste reflect behavioral effects of expectations
No full textInternational audienc
Isotopic N fractionation as a biomarker of nitrogen use efficiency by ruminants: A meta-analysis
No full textInternational audienceWe evaluated the potential to use the naturally occurring isotopic N fractionation between plasma or milk of ruminants and their diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) to predict between-animal variation in N use efficiency (NUE), as well as assessed the main mechanisms by which Δ 15 N animal-diet is related to NUE under common feeding conditions. Individual values for NUE (n = 217) and Δ 15 N animal-diet (n = 274) from 11 published experiments were analyzed by meta- analysis. All dietary treatments were characterized according to the newly-updated French feeding system. The Δ 15 N animal-diet reflects between-animal variation in NUE and underlying mechanisms by which Δ 15 N animal-diet is related to NUE across diets are at both the metabolic and rumen levels
Productivity, efficiency and technological change in French agriculture during 2002-2014: A Färe-Primont index decomposition
No full textThe objective of the article is to assess productivity change in French agriculture during 2002-2014, namely total factor productivity (TFP) change and its components technological change and efficiency change. For this, we use the economically-ideal Färe-Primont index which verifies the multiplicatively completeness property and is also transitive, allowing for multi-temporal/lateral comparisons. To compare the technology gap change between the six types of farming considered, we extend the Färe-Primont to the meta-frontier framework. Results indicated that during 2002-2014, all farms had a TFP progress. Pig/poultry farms had the lowest TFP increase while beef farms had the highest (19.1%). The latter had the strongest increase in efficiency change, while technological progress was the highest for mixed farms. The meta-frontier analysis indicates that field crop farms’ technology is the most productive of all types of farming
Le pois, espèce modèle ?
No full textBAP GEAPSINational audienceDès avant la découverte par Gregor Mendel des lois de la génétique il y a près de 150 ans, le pois a été un modèle pour les généticiens et les physiologistes des plantes. De nombreuses mutations modifiant le développement des plantes, y compris des mutations affectant la symbiose fixatrice d’azote ont été décrites et cartographiées. De même, l’analyse des variations de caractères d’intérêt agronomique a permis de localiser de nombreuses régions chromosomiques impliquées dans les variations de ces caractères. En s’appuyant sur d’importantes ressources génétiques générées ces dernières années, nous avons notamment identifié des régions génomiques contrôlant les composantes du rendement, la qualité des graines et la tolérance à divers stress. Mais malgré son rôle historique significatif dans la découverte des lois de l’hérédité, le pois était jusqu’à récemment une espèce orpheline de la génomique. Les clés pour déchiffrer l’impressionnante diversité phénotypique présente dans cette espèce ont longtemps manqué. Sous l’impulsion des projets nationaux et internationaux ambitieux et grâce aux innovations technologiques et informatiques récentes, ces clés sont aujourd’hui disponibles. Les ressources génomiques et post-génomiques produites sont utilisées dans le cadre de différents projets (en particulier le projet d’Investissement d’Avenir PeaMUST) ayant pour objectif le développement de cette culture aux multiples atouts environnementaux et nutritionnels
Impact analysis of QTL for leaf senescence onto N remobilization in Arabidopsis
No full textInternational audienc
Recent progress in the imaging of soil processes at the microscopic scale, and a look ahead
No full textOver the last few years, tremendous progress has been achieved in the visualization of soil structures at the microscopic scale. Computed tomography, based on synchrotron X-ray beams or table-top equipment, allows the visualization of pore geometry at micrometric resolution. Chemical and microbiological information obtainable in 2D cuts through soils can now be interpolated, with the support of CT-data, to produce 3-dimensional maps. In parallel with these analytical advances, significant progress has also been achieved in the computer simulation and visualization of a range of physical, chemical, and microbiological processes taking place in soil pores. In terms of water distribution and transport in soils, for example, the use of Lattice-Boltzmann models as well as models based on geometric primitives has been shown recently to reproduce very faithfully observations made with synchrotron X-ray tomography. Coupling of these models with fungal and bacterial growth models allows the description of a range of microbiologically-mediated processes of great importance at the moment, for example in terms of carbon sequestration. In this talk, we shall review progress achieved to date in this field, indicate where questions remain unanswered, and point out areas where further advances are expected in the next few years