eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Affichage des distributions empiriques de conditionnel estimations quantiles: une application de l'analyse de données symboliques au problème de l'allocation des coûts en agriculture
No full textInternational audienceThis paper uses the symbolic data analysis tools in order to display and analyze the conditional quantile estimates, with an application to the cost allocation problem in agriculture. After recalling the conceptual framework of the estimation of agricultural production costs, the first part presents the empirical data model, the quantile regression approach and the interval data techniques used as symbolic data analysis tools. The second part presents the comparative analysis of the econometric results for wheat between twelve European member states, using principal component analysis and hierarchic clustering of estimates and range of estimation intervals, discussing the relevance of the displays obtained for inter-country comparisons based on specific productivity.Cette communication présente des outils d'analyse de données symboliques pour l'affichage et l'analyse des estimations de quantile conditionnelles, dans une application au problème de l'allocation des coûts dans l'agriculture. Le texte présente dans une première partie le modèle de données empiriques, l'approche de régression quantile et les techniques d'analyse de données symboliques utilisées. La seconde partie présente l'analyse comparative des résultats économétriques pour le blé entre les États membres, basés sur l'analyse des composantes principales et la classification hiérarchique divisive effectuées à partir des intervalles d'estimation, pour discuter la pertinence des affichages obtenus dans les comparaisons selon la productivité spécifique des pays analysés
Effect of gastric by-pass on dietary protein bioavailability and protein anabolism in rats
No full textInternational audienc
Lier anthropisation et présence de polluants sur un territoire : exemple des mares du Plateau de Saclay
No full textNational audienc
Imputation of high density genotypes from medium density genotypes in various French equine breeds
No full textInternational audienceThe objective of the study was to estimate the efficiency of imputation of genotypes of the Affymetrix Axiom Equine genotyping array, including 670,806 SNP, from genotypes of the Illumina Equine SNP50 BeadChip including 54,602 SNP and the Illumina Equine SNP-74k-chip including 65,157 SNP. Genotypes were avalaible from 5 breeds: Arabs (AR, 1,207 horses), Selle Français (SF, 1,978 horses), Trotteur Français (TF, 979 horses), Anglo-Arabs (AA, 229 horses), and various foreign sport horses (FH, 209 horses). In AR, 15% of horses were genotyped with the high density chip, in SF 57%, in TF 30%, in AA 10% and FH 15%. A validation set equal to the third of the sample was drawn in horses genotyped with high density chip and their genotypes blinded. Sampling was made to mimic the parental structure of the target population (the one genotyped with medium density), i.e. at random in SF and AR and with a genotyped sire for TF. Two strategies were compared with a reference population of all breeds and with only the same breed as the validation set. The software FImpute was used. First results in TF showed better concordance with a validation set of the same breed: mean of 98.0% of correctly imputed genotypes (s.d. 2.3%) versus 96.0% (s.d. 5.6%) with a validation set of all breeds. Theses results were compatible with the use of imputed data for future GWAS and genomic evaluation for these data
Liver and whole blood transcriptome response to chronic heat exposure in laying hens
No full textInternational audienceLiver and whole blood transcriptome response to chronic heat exposure in laying hens. 36. Conference of the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG
Analyzing the spatial variation of crop and livestock balance on a nation-wide gradient
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Relative influence of cropping systems, injury profiles and institutional determinants on the spatio-temporal structure of bread wheat diversity in France
No full textNational audienceIn the current context of increasingclimate instabilities and new pest pressures, in situ crop diversity has been recognized as a relevant way to avoid crop failure, ensure yield inter-annual stability while reducing the use of synthetic inputs. However, before implementing any future deployment of within-crop diversity, a detailed nowledge of the main drivers affecting this diversity appears necessary. The temporal evolution of in situ genetic diversity of bread wheat has been previously shown to be spatially structured among regions in France over the period 1980-2006. Our study was carried out to identify the main drivers of this spatio-temporal structure of crop diversity at a fine spatio-temporal scale. We conducted a series of statistical analyses and expert surveys to identify the effects of three main catergories of drivers : agricultural systems, pathogen pressures and institutional determinants of the formal wheat sector. We hypothesized that this set of drivers could have a higher explanatory power of the varietal diversity - i.e. based only on the varietal denomination which allows varietal choice by drivers - the cultivation area of bread wheat, the nature and the diversity of the preceding crops, and the pressure of some pathogens - explained the spatio-temporal structure of varietal diversity more than the genetic one. We highlighted a correlation between bread wheat varietal and genetic diversity and a greater diversity of preceding crops, suggesting that more diversified agroecsystems seemed also promoted a higher within-crop diversity
Le microbiote intestinal à l'ère de la métagénomique : Perspectives d'application dans la filière avicole
No full textArticle de synthèseArticle de synthèseResearch on gut microbiota, in humans as well as in models and livestock species, has been revolutionized bythe use of high throughput DNA sequencing technologies, which allowed the development of metagenomicapproaches, defined as the study of all the microbial genomes constituting the intestinal microbiota. Theseapproaches largely contributed to show to which extent the intestinal microbiota is essential to its host, withwhich it forms a symbiosis. It contributes to the digestion of food non digestible by host enzymes but alsomodulates the host metabolism, the maturation and regulation of immunity, resistance to colonization by entericpathogens and even behavior through interactions with the brain. This theoretical knowledge is currently leadingto therapeutic applications in human medicine. Similarly, we can hope to improve several traits of interest inpoultry, based on the analysis or the modulation of the intestinal microbiota using a combination of tools, whichfor some of them are already developed (feed, probiotics, prebiotics) and could be improved. This reviewexplains what is metagenomics, what it brings to the study of intestinal microbiota and presents on-farmapplications that could emerge by taking into account this long-ignored but essential symbiont.L’étude du microbiote intestinal, chez l’Homme puis chez les animaux modèles et maintenant d’élevage, a étérévolutionnée par l’utilisation de technologies de séquençage d’ADN à haut débit qui a permis le développementdes approches de métagénomique, c'est-à-dire l’étude de l’ensemble des génomes constituant le microbioteintestinal. Ces approches ont largement contribué à montrer à quel point le microbiote intestinal est importantpour son hôte, dont il est en fait le symbionte, de par ses rôles non seulement dans la digestion d’aliments nondigestibles par l’hôte mais plus généralement dans la régulation du métabolisme, la mise en place et la régulationde l’immunité, la résistance à la colonisation par des pathogènes ou le comportement via un effet sur le cerveau.Ces connaissances théoriques ont conduit à des applications diagnostiques et thérapeutiques chez l’Homme. Onpeut espérer de la même façon améliorer nombre de caractères d’intérêt chez la volaille, notamment santé,robustesse et efficacité digestive via l’analyse du microbiote et sa modulation par des leviers, dont certains(alimentation, probiotiques, prébiotiques) existent déjà et pourraient être améliorés. Cette revue explique cequ’est la métagénomique, ce qu’elle apporte à la connaissance du microbiote intestinal et à quel typed’applications en élevage elle pourrait conduire, en prenant en compte ce symbionte longtemps ignoré etpourtant essentiel
Regards croisés sur l'effet des espaces semi-naturels et de l'assolement sur les bio-agresseurs de grandes cultures
No full textNational audienceAs an objective of reducing the use of plant protection products is laid, the potential for landscape levers is explored. Here, we evaluate for nine of the main bio-aggressors of wheat, rapeseed and maize if the increase in cultivated area increases the pressure of bio-aggressors and if the seminatural areas (wood, hedges, grasslands) tend to protect cultures. For this purpose, we compiled in a structured way the scientific literature, gathered the knowledge of national experts and analysed national data of abundance of bio-aggressors (Vigicultures®) in connection with data from the Common Agricultural Policy and the BDTOPO® of the Institut Géographique National. At this stage our results suggest that, depending on the bio-aggressors, semi-natural elements (wood, hedges and meadows) may have a protective, unfavourable or neutral effect. On the other hand, increasing the presence of a crop seems to increase the pressure from its bio-aggressors.Alors qu'un objectif de réduction d'usage des produits phytosanitaires est posé, le potentiel de leviers paysagers est exploré. Ici nous évaluons sur neuf des principaux bioagresseurs du blé, du colza et du maïs si l’augmentation de la surface cultivée augmente la pression de bioagresseurs et si les espaces semi-naturels (bois, haies, prairies) tendent à protéger les cultures. Pour cela nous avons compilé de manière structurée la littérature scientifique, rassemblé les connaissances d’experts nationaux et analysé des données nationales d’abondance de bioagresseurs (Vigicultures®) en lien avec les données du registre parcellaire graphique et de la BD TOPO® de l’Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière (IGN). A ce stade nos résultats suggèrent que, suivant les bioagresseurs, les éléments semi-naturels (bois, haies, prairies) peuvent avoir un effet protecteur, défavorable ou neutre. Par contre, l’augmentation de la présence d’une culture semble augmenter la pression de ses bioagresseurs
