eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
Not a member yet
7410 research outputs found
Sort by
Role of indole produced by the intestinal microbiota on the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression: Studies in a gnotobiotic mouse model
No full textInternational audienc
Influence of caprine alphaS1-casein genotype on milk exosomal miRNAs
No full textInternational audienc
La base de données ELFE : vers une meilleure connaissance des émissions gazeuses liées à l’élevage
No full textNational audienceThe increasing demand for animal products is a major challenge for the livestock sector that must reduce its environmental impacts and ensure its sustainability. This sector has been identified as an important contributor to polluting gas emissions. Improving the knowledge on the origin and the magnitude of air pollutants and greenhouse gases emissions from livestock sector is essential to address climate change and to contribute to improve air quality with the evolution of breeding practices (feeding strategy, manure management, etc.). A consortium involving research and extension services partners was created to build a database called ELFE (ELevages et Facteurs d’Emission) with international data from literature references focusing on emissions of ammonia, greenhouse gases, particles and odors on the different steps of manure management of cattle, pig and poultry productions systems and their associated key variables. Around 350 publications (among 1 000 publications collected) are integrated into the database and provide more than 5 200 emission values. The ELFE database allows calculating average of emission and their standard deviation taking into account the diversity of livestock systems. These data can be used to provide emission factor for national inventories for specific livestock systems and also, to evaluate practices on gas emissions mitigation. This database can also be used to analyze the influence of key variables on the emission factor variability using multicriteria assessment (climate, building type, etc.). Moreover, this database propose a classification of emission factor into three classes according to the degree on which information about their most influential key variables was complete (>50 % ; 30-50 % ; 50 % ; 30-50 % ; <30 % des métadonnées renseignées) afin d’évaluer son niveau de description
Assessment of a putative trade-off relationship between production and humoral immune responses in layer hens
No full textSession : Comparative Immunology, Physiology and GeneticsInternational audienc
Phénotypage de l’épilepsie en race Parthenaise : étude rétrospective
No full textSession GénétiqueNational audienc
A two-year field study to assess the effects of two fungicides and their mixture on oligochaete communities and the soil functioning
No full textAgriculture intensification and in particular pesticide use can affect soil fauna and its affiliated ecological functions (e.g. organic matter decomposition). Adapted from the ISO standard method for earthworm field studies (ISO 11268-3, 2014), we tested the effects of two fungicides, i.e., Cuprafor Micro® and Swing Gold® - used respectively in organic and conventional agriculture - on oligochaetes (Lumbricidae and Enchytraeidae) and the soil functioning (i.e., feeding activity and organic matter decomposition with the bait lamina and tea bag methods, respectively). The trial consisted on four replicates of six experimental treatments (control, Cuprafor Micro® and Swing Gold® at x 1 and x 10 the recommended dose, and a mixture of both pesticides at the recommended dose, 1,5 l.ha-1 of Swing Gold® and 4 kg.ha-1 of copper) in a meadow located near the Palace of Versailles (France). After 1, 6, 12, and 18 months of experiment (i.e., t1, t6, t12, and t18), we compared the species composition of annelids and functional endpoints between treated and non-treated plots. A lower Shannon diversity index was found for earthworms in the treatment with the mixture of both pesticides at t1 and t6. However, no effect on earthworm abundance was observed in the mixture treatment mainly explained by the compensation of earthworm species. We also found a lethal effect of Swing Gold® on anecic earthworms at t1, while an effect of copper on annelids at ten times the recommended dose (40 kg.ha-1 of copper) was observed only after 12 months. These results could be explained by the various pesticide mechanisms on life history traits (i.e., growth, reproduction). However, we showed no overall significant difference in total feeding activity, enchytraeid density and diversity between treatments with or without pesticide at t1, t6, t12 and t18. In the Swing Gold® treatment, earthworm community did not fully recovered 18 months after pesticide application. This study underlines the need to study pesticide effects on non-target organisms as well as functional endpoints for more than one year after pesticide application. Another sampling campaign will be performed in spring 2018
Is the modification of the 13q32.1 regulatory landscape the cause of congenital microcoria?
No full text2018 European Association for Vision and Eye Research Conference 4–6 October 2018 Nice, FranceNational audienceCongenital microcoria (MCOR) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by inability of the iris to dilate owing to absence of dilator pupillae muscle. Previously, we reported that the disease is due to submicroscopic 13q32.1 deletions encompassing or interrupting TGDS and GPR180, questioning the role of either or both genes with or without elements regulating the expression of neighboring genes in MCOR. To address these questions, we generated transgenic mouse lines harboring variable deletions of the synthetic region using CRISPR/Cas9 methodology. Preliminary clinical analysis suggest only minor iris dilation dysfunction. In contrast, molecular analysis unambiguously shows iris-specific modification of distant genes expression, suggesting that MCOR deletions modify the 13q32.1 regulatory landscape and the fate of some embryonic cells involved in iris formation
Barriers and enablers to crop diversification: a case study from France
No full textInternational audienceRural areas and farms in France have become more and more specialized, while there is evidence that crop diversification can largely contribute to reducing input use in agriculture (pesticides, fertilizer, irrigation) and related negative environmental impacts. This study analysed potential obstacles to crop diversification at various levels of the supply chains through two approaches:• Interviews with stakeholders, to conduct a cross-cutting analysis of impediments to the development of various diversification crops; • A detailed study of the value-chains and of their modes of coordination, focusing on three case studies: pea and linseed for animal feeding, hemp for insulation and biomaterials. A lock-in was identified around the dominant species, such as wheat, rapeseed, and maize, which are more and more profitable with increasing investments in genetics, agronomic references, markets... This situation has been favoring short rotations over time. This lock-in caused several inter-connected impediments hindering crop diversification, such as: • the lack of availability of crop varieties and methods of crop protection for minor crops, • the scarcity of data on performances of minor crops at the crop rotation level, • the complexity of the knowledge to be acquired by farmers, • logistical constraints to harvest minor crops, and • the lack of coordination within the emerging supply chains. The simultaneous and coordinated implementation of two major categories of levers was proposed to help actors incorporate greater crop diversity into their productive systems and foster agroecological transition: 1. Support the development of innovative niches and develop learning- for-innovation processes through e.g. long-term partnership between supply chain actors, research and development, advisory and decision-makers, labelling systems, investment in technological innovations for minor crops, management of crop diversification at landscape level; 2. Encourage the standard sociotechnical system to evolve and make it more disposed to crop diversification, through public policies, including the Common Agricultural Policy, regulation and promotion of diversified value chains via public contracts. All recommendations have to be considered simultaneously and on the long-term, as sectorial measures, which target only one component of the value-chain, have proven to fail. This study was a direct source of inspiration for the ongoing H2020 project DiverIMPACTS (Diversification through Rotation, Intercropping, Multiple Cropping, Promoted with Actors and Value Chains towards Sustainability, http://www.diverimpacts.net/), which uses the same theoretical framework, further extends the case studies to intercropping, multiple cropping and crop rotation strategies across Europe, goes beyond the identification of barriers to co-design practical solutions together with value chains’ actors and makes recommendations for institutional changes
Influence of extruded faba bean-linseed or lupin-linseed blends on nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows
No full textSession 5: Feed resources and sustainable dietsNational audienc