eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
Not a member yet
7410 research outputs found
Sort by
The response of weed and crop species to shading: measurement and prediction from traits
No full textProd 2018-126g EA SPE GESTAD INRAInternational audienceCrops often compete with weeds for light, and choosing competitive crop species is a major lever for managing weeds. The present study aimed to (1) measure the range of species parameters that drive light competition in contrasting crop and weed species of temperate European arable crops, (2) relate the parameter values which are difficult to measure to species traits that are easier to access, by establishing trait-parameter relationships, (3) integrate the measured parameter values into FlorSys which simulates weed dynamics and crop canopy growth in virtual fields over the years with a daily time step, and (4) run simulations to investigate which crop and weed parameters are linked to weed harmfulness for crop production. 33 weed species and 25 crop species were investigated. Parameters driving initial growth were measured in optimal light and nutrient conditions in a greenhouse with automatic non-destructive measurements. Parameters describing potential morphology in unshaded conditions were measured on plants grown in optimal light and nutrient conditions in garden plots and harvested at 4-5 stages during plant cycle. Shading response was measured by comparing potential morphology to that of plants grown under shading nets in these same gardens. All parameters could be predicted from seed (weight, lipid content...), plant (epigeal vs hypogeal growth, form...) and general traits (clade, base temperature, plant lifespan, legume vs non-legume...). Crop species that decreased weed impact the most grew fast after emergence (high relative growth rate RGR), had thinner larger leaves (high specific leaf area SLA), were wide rather than tall, and allocated biomass preferentially to stems vs leaves. Harmful weed species presented a large leaf area at emergence and strongly responded to shade, by increasing their height, leaf biomass and area per plant biomass unit. Funding: INRA, CoSAC project (ANR-15-CE18-0007), ReMIX (EU-H2020-727217
L’élevage de précision, quels changements dans la relation homme-animal et la représentation de leur métier par les éleveurs ?
No full textL’élevage de précision, quels changements dans la relation homme-animal et la représentation de leur métier par les éleveurs ?. 50. Journées de la Recherche Porcin
Gut microbiota analyses for sustainable European local porcine breeds: a TREASURE pilot study
No full textThe study of gut microbiota and its effects on hosts has emerged as an essential component of host homeostasisand global efficiency. Besides host’s influence on gut microbiota, major quantitative and qualitative changes mayoccur in the composition of the intestinal microbiota due to the influence of diet and other environmental factors.In accordance with the TREASURE project global aim of enhancing sustainability of production systems for localpig breeds, the objective of our task was to conduct a pilot characterisation of intestinal microbiota in order to testits usefulness to characterize several local European pig populations and their production systems. This approachhas been applied to populations belonging to the following European traditional breeds: Gascon (France), Iberian(Spain), Krskopolje (Slovenia), Mangalitsa (Serbia), Moravka (Serbia) and Turopolje (Croatia). For each breed,faecal samples have been collected along different experiments performed in the TREASURE project targetingthe comprehension of a particular traditional production system (e.g. open-air farming), management practice,or the comparison of breeds. In all experiments, the metagenomics technique employed is the re-sequencing ofthe bacterial 16S in an Illumina MiSeq system. Overall, the results have shown that the gut microbiota analysis isa promising approach for the characterisation of these local breeds, by allowing a deeper understanding of theirproduction systems and potentially allowing the development of new certification approaches. Preliminary resultswill be summarized in this communication. Funded by European Union’s H2020 RIA program (Grant agreementno. 634476)
Identification of unfavourable homozygous haplotypes associated with milk and fertility traits in Holsteins
No full textInternational audienc
Deciphering molecular origin and functional impact of structural variation in maize through genome sequences comparison and integrative analysis of genetic variation, transcriptome and phenotype data
No full textInternational audienceStructural variation (SV) is a major driver of plant adaptation and genome evolution. It originates from transposable element insertion, as well as gene Copy Number (CNV) and Presence/Absence Variation (PAV). Maize is a crop species with a complex genome, and exhibits extensive SV among lines, as well as strong phenotypic differences. It is therefore a good model to explore the diverse molecular mechanisms leading to SV, and to investigate to what extent SV impacts phenotypic variation. Finally, the geographical origin of the different maize inbred lines is well described, allowing for linking SV to environmental adaptation. Here, we present whole genome assemblies from seven European and American maize lines of various geographical origins and phenotypes, and with contrasted genome size. This dataset allows unprecedented genome-wide comparisons and characterization of maize SV with high sequence accuracy, thus offering the opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of the molecular mechanisms underlying these variations and to characterize the features responsible for genome size variation. These seven maize lines together with B73 were cultivated under contrasted water conditions in the PHENOARCH phenotyping platform allowing precise characterization of growth and development together with precise measurements of environmental conditions. Thirteen different organs harvested at various developmental stages have been used for RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis. This massive dataset will be used to evidence the possible role of SVs in quantitative responses to water deficit as well as the impact of SVs in gene regulation networks. Overall, this work will provide insights on the molecular origins and functional consequences of SV
Correction of in-flight luminosity variations in multispectral UAS images, using a luminosity sensor and camera pair for improved biomass estimation in precision agriculture
No full textInternational audiencePrecision farming or agriculture (PA) is a concept where agricultural practices are modulated according to intra-field crop variability. Multispectral sensors have standing use in remote sensing, onboard aircraft and satellites for mapping biomass. With increased miniaturization of sensors, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) become more widely used for multispectral imaging. UAS offer several advantages for PA, such as a relative insensitivity to weather conditions, especially to cloud cover. Most UAS images are acquired in cloudless conditions or with a complete cloud cover to reduce the impact of changing luminosity. This work quantifies the ability to correct luminosity variations on images from UAS flights under varying weather conditions. Measurements were performed with the Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera paired with its Sunshine sensor. Control ground measurements were repeated over two hours on a series of five targets of increasing gray levels. These measurements correlate with corresponding reference spectra from a Spectral Evolution SR-3500 field spectroradiometer. In a second experiment, the camera recorded images every thirty seconds in time-lapse mode, for over an hour, above a reference reflectance target, in order to analyze the evolution of the reflectance over time as a function of the variations of illumination. Finally two different types of UAS carried out several series of flights: a fixed-wing senseFly eBee and an Innovadrone hexacopter rotary wing. This paper presents data analysis with and without the Sunshine sensor correction to quantify the improvement in the quality of reflectance measurements and biomass estimate
Les vésicules extra-cellulaires (EVs) de fluide utérin stimulent l’expression de marqueurs de l’implantation dans l’endomètre ovin in vivo
No full textNational audienc
Répétabilité de plusieurs critères liés au comportement d’ingestion. Application pratique au phénotypage des chèvres laitières
No full textNational audienceRépétabilité de plusieurs critères liés au comportement d’ingestion. Application pratique au phénotypage des chèvres laitières. Journées d'Animation Scientifique du département Phase (JAS Phase 2018
