eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Effect of providing choice on processing of sweet drinks in the brain
No full textInternational audienc
Sequence-based GWAS on carcass traits and organ proportions in Charolais cows
No full textInternational audienceSlaughter traits have a main economic value in beef cattle. They are also an important information source on the physiological variability among animals. To investigate the genomic control of some of these traits, a sequencebased GWAS was performed on 578 adult Charolais cows. Animals were slaughtered at seven years of age, after a fattening period. They were phenotyped for 18 traits: empty body weight (EBW), carcass yield, percentage of muscle, percentage of fat, 5th quarter, 5th quarter’s fat, leather, rumen, omasum, abomasum, intestines, total digestive tract, total reproductive tract, liver, lungs, heart, kidneys and spleen. The carcass yield and all 5th quarter and organ traits were expressed relative to the EBW. Cows were genotyped with the BovineSNP50 SNPchip (Illumina Inc., San Diego), and their genotypes were imputed up to the sequence level based on the run6 of the 1000 bull genomes project (2,333 animals including 128 Charolais bulls), using successively the FImpute and Minimac software. GWAS analyses were performed using the GCTA software. All traits together, we identified 19 significant QTL at the stringent sequence based Bonferroni threshold (-logP>8.19). The carcass yield, the percentages of muscle and fat, the 5th quarter and the 5th quarter’s fat were all found highly associated with the same region of the BTA2. These QTL reflect the well-known effect of the myostatin major gene on the carcass composition. Even though the relative weight of the 5th quarter shows a strong association with this gene, no QTL was observed at this position for the organs taken individually. Other QTL were detected in association with the kidneys (several QTL on BTA 18 and 24), with the lungs (two QTL on BTA 19), with the rumen (BTA 2 and 28), with the heart (BTA5) and with the abomasum (BTA 28). Further investigation will be made in parallel with other phenotypes such as feed efficiency
Diversity analysis within a collection of 1191 flint maize inbred lines using genotyping-by-sequencing
No full textAGAP : équipe GE2popNational audienc
Importance of sugar homeostasis within xylem parenchyma cells to sustain xylem development
No full textInternational audienceThe Arabidopsis floral stem xylem tissue is formed by xylary parenchyma cells and dead cells including xylary fibres and xylary vessels. Especially, these last two cells functions request the presence of an extra-thickened secondary cell wall whose synthesis requires an important amount of carbohydrate skeletons. However, the pathways by which carbon pools, transported as sugars, are supplied to the xylem cells remain unclear. Recently, the SWEET11 and SWEET12 genes coding for sugar transporters located at the plasma membrane of the vascular parenchyma cells were proposed to act in this mechanism. To gain more insights in this process, we analyzed the function of two additional SWEET genes coding for tonoplastic sugar transporters also expressed in the xylem parenchyma cells. We analysed combinations of sweet mutants using microscopy combined with high-throughput image analysis and vibrational spectroscopy techniques. Our analysis reveals defects in the number and the size of the xylary fibres in the sweet16sweet17 mutant, in contrast to the sweet11sweet12 mutant; that has been previously shown to be mostly affected in the xylary vessels (1). Interestingly, the quadruple mutant shows defects in both xylary fibres and vessels, suggesting an additive phenotype. Due to differences in the expression pattern of these genes in different categories of bundles connected or not to axillary buds, we also scrutinized the effects of these mutations depending on the vascular bundle type. Our results suggest that the sugar homeostasis within the xylary parenchyma cells is required to ensure a correct xylem development
Impact of soil fertilization with organic amendments on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in cultivated soils
No full textNational audienc
Current on-farm glyphosate uses and alternative practices in France
No full textNational audienceWith more than 7.500 tons sold in 2016 for agricultural uses, glyphosate is the most widely-used herbicide ingredient in France (Rboud et al., 2017). It is also a subject of public concern, regarding its potential hazards for human health and environment. Thus, in 2017, the French government took the decision to banish glyphosate within three years. This decision challenged Farmers using it toward the redesign of their cropping systems, in order to control weeds without glyphosate. In this context, we aimed at better describing the current uses of glyphosate in arable systems, and at identifying existing alternatives already implemented on farm
Identification of host-characteristics and performances influencing rumen microbiota composition in dairy goats
No full textInternational audienc
Virulence characters of Erwinia amylovora and their variation under plant abiotic stress
No full textInternational audienc
Explorer la distribution des quantiles conditionnels: une application à l'estimation de coûts de production spécifiques du porc dans l'Union européenne
No full textThe "estimation" part of this work was carried out during the preparation of the author's thesis (Desbois, 2015), co-directed by Y.Surry and J.-C. Bureau, supported by the Farm Accountancy Cost Estimation and Policy Analysis of European Agriculture project of the 7th Framework Program of the European Community (FP7 / 2007-13, Approval No. 212292). For all correspondence: [email protected] and/or [email protected] audienceThis communication uses symbolic data analysis tools to visualize the distribution of conditional quantile estimate ranges, applying them to the problem of cost allocation in agriculture. After recalling the conceptual framework of the estimation of agricultural production costs, the first part presents the empirical model, the quantile regression approach and the interval data processing techniques used as symbolic data analysis tools. The second part presents the comparative analysis of the econometric results of the specific cost of pig production and the resulting gross margin estimates for twelve European Member States in order to discuss the relevance of the exploratory graphs obtained for international comparisons, using principal component analysis and hierarchical grouping of estimation interval distributions.Cette communication utilise des outils d'analyse de données symboliques pour visualiser la distribution des plages d'estimations conditionnelles quantiles, en les appliquant au problème de la répartition des coûts dans l'agriculture. Après avoir rappelé le cadre conceptuel de l'estimation des coûts de production agricole, la première partie présente le modèle empirique, l'approche de régression par quantile et les techniques de traitement de données d'intervalle utilisées comme outils d'analyse de données symboliques. La deuxième partie présente l’analyse comparative des résultats économétriques du coût spécifique de la production porcine et les estimations de marge brute obtenues pour douze États membres européens, afin de discuter de la pertinence des graphiques exploratoires obtenus pour les comparaisons internationales, en utilisant une analyse en composantes principales et une classification hiérarchique des distributions d'intervalles d'estimation
Quels traits des cultures et des adventices expliquent la perte de rendement due à la compétition pour la lumière ?
No full textProd 2019-15e EA SPE GESTAD INRANational audienceCultures et adventices sont en compétition pour la lumière, et choisir des cultures compétitives est un levier majeur de gestion intégrée des adventices. L'objectif de cette étude était de : (1) mesurer les paramètres qui déterminent la compétition pour la lumière de 25 espèces adventices et 30 cultures ; (2) établir des relations fonctionnelles pour estimer ces paramètres difficiles à mesurer à partir de traits d'espèces faciles à mesurer ou accessibles dans des bases de données ; (3) intégrer les paramètres dans le modèle FLORSYS qui simule la dynamique de levée des adventices et la croissance des adventices et cultures dans un champ virtuel au fil des années; (4) identifier les traits des cultures et des adventices qui déterminent l'impact des adventices sur la production agricole et la biodiversité. Pour cela, nous avons simulé 272 systèmes de culture de 7 régions. Nous montrons que les traits qui rendent les cultures compétitives envers les adventices (réponse à l’ombrage, investissement dans la surface foliaire…) sont aussi ceux qui, généralement, réduisent le potentiel de rendement de la culture