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Public Private Partnership And Sustainable Development In Murang’a County, Kenya
Get PDFSustainable development is a complex and challenging issue. However, it is an important goal
that all countries and counties must strive to achieve. The county government of Murang’a is
committed to sustainable development. The county has developed a number of policies and
programs to promote sustainable development. These include the Murang'a County Integrated
Development Plan (2018-2022), the Murang'a County Green Growth Plan (2018-2030), and
the Murang'a County Climate Change Action Plan (2018-2030). The county government is
working with a number of partners, including the private sector, civil society, and the
international community, to achieve its sustainable development goals. The objective of this
research was to assess the effect of public private partnership on sustainable development in
Murang’a County, Kenya. The specific objectives were; to determine the effect of project
financing on sustainable development, to establish the effect of project service quality on
sustainable development, to assess the effect of project governance on sustainable development
and to determine the effect of project environmental sustainability on sustainable development
of Murang’a County, Kenya. The research was based on three theories namely; the institutional
theory, stakeholder theory, and systems theory. Descriptive research design was employed in
this study. The target population of this study was the 10 PPP projects that have been
implemented in Murang’a County as at August 2023. The unit of observation were the county
government officials and private sectors partners for each PPP project. Census was used in this
study where all the 10 PPP projects in Murang’a County were involved in this study.
Questionnaire were utilized in primary data collection. Quantitative data was collected. The
collected data was analysed through descriptive, correlational and multiple linear regression
method. Regression results revealed that project financing, project service quality, project
governance, and project environmental sustainability together account for 93.5% of the
variation in the sustainable development in Murang’a County, Kenya. The explanatory power
of the model was statistically significant as the p value was 0.000. Further the results revealed
that project financing (β = 0.326, p < 0.000); project service quality (β = 0.273, p < 0.000);
project governance (β = 0.356, p = 0.004); and project environmental sustainability (β = 0.687,
p < 0.000) had a positive and significant effect on sustainable development in Murang’a
County, Kenya. This study conclusively illustrates that project financing, service quality,
governance, and environmental sustainability significantly influence sustainable development
in Murang’a County, Kenya. Based on the findings, it is recommended that there should be an
enhancement in project governance structures and financial management practices, rigorous
adherence to environmental sustainability, and a relentless focus on improving service quality
to ensure the successful implementation of sustainable development projects. Future research
should consider diverse project types and settings, adopt longitudinal and experimental designs,
and conduct more in-depth qualitative studies to explore the nuanced perspectives and
experiences of project stakeholders
Determinants Of Green Financing Adoption by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Manufacturing Sector at Nairobi City County, Kenya
Get PDFThe general objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing the uptake of green financing by small and medium-sized enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. It was guided by the following specific objectives: to assess the effect of organizational characteristics on the uptake of green financing by SMEs in Nairobi; to assess the effect of technology on the uptake of green financing by SMEs in Nairobi; to assess how government support influences the uptake of green financing by SMEs in Nairobi; to assess the effect of access to financing information on the uptake of green financing by SMEs in Nairobi, particularly those in the Manufacturing sector. The theories used in this study were the Resource theory of sustainable finance, System disruption theory of sustainable finance, the Positive signaling theory of sustainable finance, the and Priority theory of sustainable finance. The study utilized descriptive research design and the population was the management of registered small and medium-sized enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. The target population for the study was the 134 small and medium-sized enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. Census of all the SMEs was done. Questionnaires included questions on background and constraints to adoption of green financing which were used as the main tool to collect primary data. Data collected was then analyzed using SPSS through inferential statistics i.e., regression analysis, hypothesis testing, and confidence intervals where measurements drawn from the samples were used to make generalizations about the larger population of SMEs. Tables and graphs were used to present data and further interpret the results. The regression analysis showed that organizational characteristics had a positive and insignificant beta coefficient meaning that it does not contribute significantly to uptake of green financing. Further, it was shown technology had a positive and significant beta coefficient meaning that use of better technologies by SMEs could lead to improved uptake of green financing. Similarly, the regression analysis showed that Government support had a positive and significant beta coefficient meaning that increased government support should lead to improved uptake of green financing. Lastly, the regression analysis showed that access to financing information had a positive and significant beta coefficient meaning that increased access to Financing Information could lead to improved uptake of green financing. Based on these findings, this study concludes that organizational characteristics does not contribute significantly to uptake of green financing. Also, on these findings, this study concludes that use of better technologies by SMEs could lead to improved uptake of green financing. Additionally, this study concludes that increased government support could lead to improved uptake of green financing by SMEs. Lastly, this study concludes that increased access to financing information could lead to improved uptake of green financing. Based on these findings, this study recommends that the management of SMEs come up with policy of auditing their financial statement s as to increased their chances of accessing green financing from banks. Lastly, this study recommends that management sponsor most of their employee to attend green financing trainings and seminars so as to create more awareness of the available green financing projects for the SMEs
Prediction Of Scope Creep Factors In Software Projects Using Logistic Regression Analysis
Get PDFScope creep is a persistent challenge inherent in software project management that significantly affects the success of software projects. This study aimed to establish a logistic regression modelling strategy for assessing, the impact of scope creep factors on successful software project management. The objective was to identify and quantify the key factors that contribute to scope creep and determine their influence on the likelihood of a project's success or failure. To achieve this, a comprehensive dataset was collected which encompassed different software development projects across different countries, domains and industries. The dataset included information on project scope, project timelines, development team size, budget allocation, user involvement, and other relevant factors. Additionally, data was collected on scope creep events, such as changes in project requirements, feature additions, and uncontrolled expansion of the software project scope. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relationships between scope creep factors and project success. Several factors such as human factors, measurement factors and method factors were found to be statistically significant at the 0.001 level. Model validation using F-statistic, R-squared and residual plots established goodness of fit of the developed models. By identifying statistically significant factors and their impact on project outcomes, the outcomes of this study can help project managers and stakeholders make more informed decisions regarding scope management and risk mitigation strategies.
This research therefore makes a significant contribution to the field of software project management by providing a data-driven approach to understanding and managing scope creep. The study findings also inform best practices for scope management that will help organizations improve their project success rates in an increasingly dynamic and evolving software development landscape
Moderating Effect Of Bank Size On The Factors Affecting Financial Performance Of Listed Commercial Banks In Kenya
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of capital adequacy, liquidity, asset quality and operational cost efficiency ratios on banks’ profitability with size as a moderating factor. The analysis of these ratios makes it possible to observe the behaviour of the banks in terms of risk and performance during the period under study. The empirical analysis relates to a sample of Eleven listed Kenyan banks observed over the period between 2011-2020. The purpose of this research was to investigate how the size of a bank influenced the aspects that contributed to the financial performance of listed commercial banks in Kenya. The research was planned with a descriptive research design in mind to accomplish the goals set forth for this study. The total customer base of Kenya's 11 commercial banks listed on stock exchange served as the study's primary focus group. Both descriptive and correlation statistical methods were used to analyse the data. Throughout the research, tests for normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity were carried out. In order to conduct an empirical investigation on the moderating influence that bank size has on the financial performance of listed financial institutions, a panel model was used. The findings showed that the quality of commercial banks' assets considerably impacted the banks' overall performance. The financial performance of Kenya's listed commercial banks was significantly impacted negatively by liquidity's presence in the market. There is a positive and substantial correlation between commercial banks' levels of capital adequacy and their levels of financial performance. It was shown that the operational cost efficiency of commercial banks in Kenya had a negative and negligible association with their financial performance. It was found that the size of the bank had a moderating impact that was both positive and significant on the parameters that influence the financial performance of listed commercial banks in Kenya. According to the findings of the research, it is essential to keep track of the aspects that influence the financial performance of commercial banks that are publicly traded. These criteria include asset quality, liquidity, capital sufficiency, and operational cost efficiency
Competition, risk-taking behavior and stability of commercial banks: evidence from Kenya.
No full textPurpose
This study analyzes the effects of competition and risk-taking behavior on the stability of commercial banks in Kenya.
Design/methodology/approach
An unbalanced panel dataset of 36 licensed commercial banks in Kenya for 2001–2020 was extracted from the published financial statements. A dynamic panel data analysis model, a two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM), was employed.
Findings
The results indicate that competition reinforces bank stability, whereas banks’ risk-taking behavior has an inverse relationship with strength.
Practical implications
The study confirms the competition-stability nexus, implying that measures may be implemented to foster competition among banks with reduced concentration. These measures may include, but are not limited to, reduced entry barriers and optimal capital requirements. Second, efforts should be made to ensure excessive risk-taking by banks. Employing an elaborate exposure monitoring system with clear warning signs is recommended.
Originality/value
This study is unique in several ways. First, it employs structural and nonstructural measures of competition and ex post standards of banks’ risk-taking behavior. Second, contrary to past studies, this study uses various firm-level measures of bank stability. Lastly, it provides essential empirical evidence from the context of a developing economy, whose institutional and macroeconomic environments differ significantly from those of a developed economy
Relationship Between Budget Financing and Economic Growth in Kenya
Get PDFFinancing is essential for the economy of any country. The paper seeks to assess the connection
between budget financing and economic growth in Kenya. Precisely, it examined the relationship
between taxation, internal borrowing, external borrowing, official development assistance and
economic growth in Kenya. This study was founded on three theoretical foundations: Optimal Tax
Theory, Modern Theory of Money, and Debt Overhang Theory. It adopted correlation research
design. The study collected monthly data from July 1999 to December 2022. The study utilized
time series data collection forms based on the study's objectives. Data analysis was carried out
using E-views version 11 and vector error corrected model will be fitted. Figures and tables
presented the findings. Results of the study indicated that taxation inversely affected economic
growth in Kenya. Hence, increased levels of taxation deterred economic growth in Kenya. It was
documented that internal borrowing has significant relationship with economic growth in Kenya.
External borrowing has inverse relationship with economic growth in Kenya. Official development
has statistically significant relationship with economic growth in Kenya. It can be deemed to be
double edged where increased taxation was associated with changes in its administrative costs and
spillage of revenue collected. There is need for evaluation of internal borrowing costs by the
government since increased borrowing costs of treasury bills and treasury bonds whose risk of
default is low compared to individual borrows may constrain access to private capital. There is
need for consideration of borrowing costs and contractual currency since there are instances in
which local currency may depreciate its value and it will impact repayment amount. It can be
concluded that reliance on official development assistance has effect on economic growth in
Kenya. It can be recommended that there is need for adoption of matching taxation policies that
would escalate tax collection strategies and minimize spillage of resources. There is need for
consideration of seeking internal debts via treasury bills and bonds though it ought to undertake it
very cautiously since it may trigger skewed borrowing from the private sector. There is need for
consideration of external borrowing that would be cheaper and available for a longer period of
time. there is need for development of strategies that would guide in fund raising of grants for
undertaking projects that will have social economic benefit
Effect Of Financial Structure On Financial Performance Of Local Airlines In Kenya
Get PDFThe GDP contribution of the local airlines in Kenya has varied over time, with a 0.8%
contribution in 2022, 0.6% contribution in 2021, 0.4% contribution in 2020, 0.3%
contribution in 2019, and 2018 a 0.5% contribution (KNBS, 2022). In addition, the local
airlines growth has been erratic, declining by 0.3% in 2022, 1.1% and 1.4% in 2021 and
2020, respectively. Even though the local airlines' growth in Kenya is erratic, their
profitability has been declining as evidenced by the fact that the reported net loss was Kshs 9
billion in 2022 compared to Kshs 8.1 billion in 2021 and high debt financing of Kshs 24
billion. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of financial structure on
financial performance of local airlines operating in Kenya. The specific objectives that
guided this study were to establish the overall effect of short-term debt, to determine the
effect of long-term debt, to investigate the effect of retained earnings, to analyse the effect of
equity capital and investigating the moderating effect of the firm size on the relationship
between financial structure of the firm and its financial performance of local airlines
operating in Kenya. This study was anchored on trade-off theory, capital structure irrelevant
theory, pecking order theory, Modigliani and Miller theory, and resource based theory. The
study adopted correlational research design that was based on a target population of twelve
local airlines that operate in Kenya. The secondary data for this study was collected through
the help of secondary data collection sheet from the published accounts of the local airlines in
Kenya or from their websites. Data was descriptively and inferentially analysed using
STATA version 16. It is evident from the result that there is a significant effect caused by the
short term debt on the financial performance of the local airlines operating in Kenya (β
=0.222, p=0.035<.05); While there is a negative significant effect when the airlines uses the
long term debt to finance their operations (β =-0.390, p=0.001˂0.05) on financial
performance; there is a positive significant effect when the firm uses their retained earnings
as a means of funding their operations on its financial performance (β =0.482, p=0.000<.05)
of the local airlines; on the other hand, there is a negative significant effect on the financial
performance when the airlines are funded by their share capital (β =0-.578, p=0.044˂.05) on
financial performance of the local airlines holding all other factors constant; the firm size is
also a significant moderator of the relationship that exists between financial structure of the
local airlines and their financial performance
Effect Of Equity Financing On Shareholder Value Creation Of Firms Listed At Nairobi Securities Exchange
Get PDFThe ability of management to make efficient and effective use of the company's resources, which contribute to the growth and development of the economy of the country, is essential to the well-being and continued existence of any organization. It is a strong indicator of a company's ability to transform its financial resources towards the achievement of its mission and vision if the company is able to create positive shareholder wealth. The increase in shareholder wealth should be the primary focus of any and all decisions that management makes regarding equity financing, and the success of such decisions can only be judged based on their capacity to produce favourable outcomes and contribute to the growth of shareholder wealth. Most of listed firms at the NSE have been recording mixed results in relation to shareholder value creation over the past decade. The current study sought to investigate the effect of equity financing on shareholders’ value creation of firms listed at NSE. The study evaluated the effect of ordinary share capital, retained earnings and equity reserves on shareholder value creation of firms listed at the NSE. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population of this study was 59 firms listed at NSE. A census sampling technique was adopted in this study. Secondary data was extracted from NSE audited annual financial reports database for the 10 years (2012-2021). STATA was used in this study to analyse the data. In order to investigate the nature of the relationship that exists between the independent and dependent variables, panel data regression analysis was carried out. Before beginning a regression analysis, diagnostic tests like the multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test, heteroskedasticity test, normality test, and Hausman test were also carried out. The results showed that the VIF values for each of the three independent variables ranged from 1 to 5, indicating that the values were moderately correlated and that, under the null hypothesis, the regression residuals would follow a normal distribution. Since FGLS is adaptable in handling Auto Correlation and Heteroscedasticty issues, panel data analysis techniques were used to fit the model. All independent variables had a statistically significant and positive association with shareholder value creation. Firms with more retained earnings on the NSE can enhance their shareholders' value creation, as retained earnings contribute to increased net income and profitability. The study recommended that policy makers at NSE should always strive to ensure that they maintain effective equity financing options as this is very likely to affect the overall shareholders value creation which is very critical for listed firm to attract prospective investors. It was also advised that the management of publicly traded companies always make sure that they have an efficient planning tool that can help them choose the best financing combination and strategies that create the most value for the shareholders, drawing in more potential investors
Influence Of Functional Level Strategies On Performance Of Manufacturing Firms In Kenya
Get PDFFunctional level strategies in manufacturing firms are specific plans and actions designed to improve the performance of various functional areas within a manufacturing organization. Functional level strategies are essential in manufacturing firms as they provide a clear direction and focus for the firms. This study sought to determine the effect of functional level strategies on performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of human resource functional level strategy, finance functional level strategy marketing functional level strategy, operations functional level strategy on performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. The theories informing the study are Porter Generic Theory, Management Theory and Resource-Based View Theory. This study was conducted in Kenya and particularly Nairobi region which has the highest concentration of large manufacturing firms. The population was the 50 large manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. A General manager, HR manager and Finance manager was selected from each of the 50 manufacturing firm and thus a sample size of 150 respondents. Primary data was collected using questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The diagnostics tests included normality test, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. The analysis revealed that the human resource functional Level strategy had a positive relationship with performance, with a coefficient of 0.257 (Beta = 0.273) and a significant t-value of 5.742. Similarly, the finance functional Level strategy showed a positive association, with a coefficient of 0.269 (Beta = 0.264) and a high t-value of 6.621. The Marketing functional Level strategy exhibited a strong positive relationship, with a coefficient of 0.392 (Beta = 0.416) and a substantial t-value of 9.309. Lastly, the Operations functional Level strategy contributed positively, with a coefficient of 0.112 (Beta = 0.115) and a statistically significant t-value of 3.099. The study concludes that well-defined strategies in human resources, finance, marketing, and operations significantly influence the performance of manufacturing firms in Kenya. Manufacturing firms in Kenya are advised to invest in strategic human resource management practices, aligning with organizational goals and fostering a conducive work environment. Similarly, prioritizing effective financial management, including comprehensive planning, monitoring, and investment alignment, can lead to improved outcomes. Developing and implementing targeted marketing strategies, informed by thorough market research and continuous adaptation, is recommended, as is optimizing operational processes through technology, innovation, and collaboration for enhanced performance
Effects Of Revenue Collection Practices On County Government Financial Performance In Kenya
Get PDFRevenue collection refers to the process of boosting government income through various
means, including taxes, fees, and other revenue sources. It plays a vital role in public finance
by providing the funds needed for government expenditures and services. This research aims
to examine how revenue collection practices impact the performance of county governments
in Kenya. The study's specific objectives were to assess the effects of different revenue
collection methods, such as automatic payments, in-person collections, automatic billing, and
mobile payment collections, on the financial performance of county governments. The
research methodology employed a descriptive research design and involved data collection
from 141 individuals working in the revenue collection departments of Kenya's 47 counties.
The survey drew on several theoretical frameworks, including Agency theory, Resource Based View theory, Technology Acceptance theory, Optimal Taxation theory, and
Institutional theory. Participants completed questionnaires to provide primary data, and data
analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25. Both inferential and descriptive statistics
were used to quantitatively analyse the data, while content analysis was employed to assess
qualitative data in a statistical manner. The study utilized the Pearson product-moment
correlation to determine the relationship between independent and dependent variables and
used multiple regression to gauge the extent and direction of the impact of revenue collection
practices on financial performance. The study's findings indicated positive perceptions related
to convenience, citizen satisfaction, revenue collection efficiency, transparency, and security
when it comes to automatic revenue payment methods. In-person collection methods were
viewed as effective in maintaining personal connections with citizens and positively
impacting transparency and revenue collection rates. However, concerns were raised
regarding payment delays, lower compliance rates, accessibility challenges, long waiting
times, cash handling risks, and high maintenance costs. Ultimately, the study concluded that
in-person collection practices did not have a significant impact on county financial
performance. On the other hand, automatic billing revenue collection were generally
perceived positively by respondents, with perceived benefits including simplified revenue
collection processes, improved customer satisfaction and loyalty, and enhanced transparency.
The study recommended that automatic billing revenue collection is likely to have a
significant positive influence on county financial performance. Mobile money payment
practices received favourable feedback, with respondents indicating improvements in
accuracy, collection ease, efficiency, and payment compliance. The study concluded that
revenue collection through mobile money payments is highly statistically significant and is
likely to have a substantial positive impact on county financial performance. As a result, the
study recommended that county governments consider further investments in and
development of automatic revenue payment systems, with a focus on enhancing convenience,
transparency, and security to maximize their potential to improve financial performance.
Additionally, the research proposed that similar studies be conducted in other public
institutions in Keny