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    Graphene oxide decorated with melamine-imprinted nanobeads for SERS detection of melamine in milk

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    We present a novel, cost-effective SERS substrate for melamine detection in milk. Melamine is a nitrogen-rich compound illegally used to indicate high protein content. We developed a hybrid substrate based on molecularly imprinted polymer nanobeads functionalized with graphene oxide (MIP nanobeads@fGO). MIPs act as a door for selective detection and provide chemical enhancement. fGO achieves further chemical enhancement of the Raman signal by bond-making through functionalized moieties and electrostatic interaction with the ring moiety of fGO with melamine in SERS. Prior to polymerization, the molecular interaction between vinyl imidazole (VIM) as a functional monomer and melamine as a target molecule was modeled using AutoDockTools GUI (Graphical User Interface) and AutoGrid for molecular modelling simulations and grid calculations. From the clustering histogram, melamine and VIM molecules had the lowest binding energy of −0.77 kcal/mol. Also, the free energy of Melamine-VIM interaction at 298.15 K was −2729.21 kcal/mol, which is evidence that the interaction was energetically favorable. The fGO and MIP nanobeads@fGO were characterized by various techniques including FTIR and RAMAN spectroscopy, DSL and SEM. The SERS performance of MIP nanobeads@fGO was analyzed and showed excellent performance towards melamine with an EF of 1.3 × 106 and good reproducibility with an RSD of 8.3 %. A good correlation was observed between the –log concentration of melamine (μM) and the Raman intensity (a.u.) in a broad linear range from 7.9 E-5 μM to 7.9 E2 μM, with LOD and LOQ of 1.2 μM (0.15 ppm) and 3.6 μM (0.45 ppm), respectively. The USFDA and WHO introduced the tolerable level of melamine in milk and dairy products at no >2.5 ppm. Our LOD is below the tolerable limit, indicating that the MIP nanobeads@fGO substrate can be effectively used for food safety analysis in milk samples

    SIMULATION OF MAGNETIC FIELD OF 5-WIRES LOW VOLTAGE OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION LINES UNDER SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT WITH COIL SENSOR

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    In recent years, the increasing demand for electrical energy—driven by rapid technological progress— has necessitated more efficient and reliable power delivery systems. Overhead transmission lines are commonly used to transport electricity from generation sources to end users. However, these lines are highly vulnerable to environmental disturbances such as lightning, storms, vegetation overgrowth, and animal interference, which frequently result in short-circuit faults. Ensuring uninterrupted energy supply to consumers is critically important, making the swift identification and resolution of such faults an operational priority.&nbsp; This study’s main purpose is to detect short-circuit currents on low-voltage distribution lines using 2axis&nbsp; inductive coil magnetic field sensor. The network consists of five lines: three-phase conductors (L1, L2, L3), a neutral line (G), and an additional lighting line, which distinguishes this work from previous studies.&nbsp; Depending on network configuration, the lighting line is powered by one of the three phases. A total of 35 fault scenarios were simulated, encompassing various short-circuit types: phaseto-ground (e.g., L1-G), two-phase-to-ground (e.g., L1-L2-G), three-phase-to-ground (L1-L2-L3-G), phase-to-phase (e.g., L1-L2), three-phase faults (L1-L2-L3), and combinations involving the lighting line (e.g., L1-G-L2, L1-L2-G-L3, L1-L2-L3-G-L1, etc.). The system simulation relies on the BiotSavart law to model the magnetic field components generated by current flowing through the conductors. Since each fault type alters the current and magnetic field in a unique way, analyzing these variations allows for precise localization of the affected line. Compared to conventional fault detection methods, the proposed sensor-based approach enhances operator safety by functioning without physical contact with live conductors. It also eliminates the need for power outages during diagnosis and significantly speeds up the repair process. Moreover, the system offers notable advantages, including low cost, real-time monitoring capability, and scalability across large networks. The results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of magnetic field-based fault detection for low-voltage power distribution systems.&nbsp;</p

    Mevlânâ’nın Tefekkür Dünyası

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    Dermatological Comorbidities Accompanying Rosacea and Their Relationship with Clinical and Demographic Features, Quality of Life, and Systemic Comorbidities: A Retrospective, Case-Controlled, Multicenter Survey

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    Introduction: As rosacea patients are generally light-skinned and photosensitized some sun-related skin findings are likely to be observed. This study aimed to determine which dermatological comorbidities accompany rosacea and evaluate their relationship with clinical, demographic, quality-of-life, and systemic comorbidities. Methods: This case-control multicenter study was conducted by the Turkish Society of Dermatology Acne Study Group. Patient demographics, clinical findings, lifestyle data, medical history, and dermatological comorbidities were collected using a structured physician-administered questionnaire. All patients completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Results: The study included 922 rosacea patients and 799 controls without rosacea. Rosacea patients had higher dermatological comorbidities than controls. The prevalence of skin comorbidities increased as patient age and duration of rosacea increased. Additionally, these skin comorbidities negatively affected quality of life. Some dermatological comorbidities, especially civatte poikiloderma, had strongest predictive risk (odds ratio ≧3) of significant systemic comorbidities. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, clinicians should also assess rosacea patients for cutaneous dermatological comorbidities. Presence of skin comorbidities increased as patient age and duration of rosacea increased and might be predictive of systemic comorbidities

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