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Pattern creation strategies of preschool children
No full textThis study aimed to identify the strategies used by preschool children during the pattern creation process. In line with this aim, a concurrent design, one of the mixed-method research approaches, was employed. A semi-structured interview form, an observation form, and the Pattern Skills Scale developed by Yıldız (2022) were used as data collection tools. This study included a total of 65 children selected using the criterion sampling method. Kruskal-Wallis was used for quantitative data, and descriptive analysis was used for qualitative data. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between children's age and pattern skills. This study revealed that children used the strategies of identifying the unit, following the order, one-to-one matching, overt speech (while vocalizing), using their fingers, covert (inner) speech, checking, random sequencing, planning, and trial-and-error while completing the pattern tasks. This study also revealed that four-year-old children also used the unit finding strategy. In addition to these strategies, this study revealed that they used the strategies of overt speech (while vocalizing), covert (inner) speech, using their fingers, trial-and-error, grouping colors first, planning, and checking. Among these strategies, using fingers, trial-and-error, and overt speech (while vocalizing) can be described as basic level strategies, covert (inner) speech, grouping colors first, making a plan, and checking can be described as high-level patterning strategies
Enhanced photovoltaic performance of TiO2 Photoanodes via surface modification with ZnFe-layered double hydroxides
No full textFe-enriched zinc–iron layered double hydroxides (ZnFe-LDHs) were strategically engineered via a modified co-precipitation method (Zn2+:Fe3+ = 1:3) to enhance their optoelectronic performance for photoelectrode integration. While ZnFe-LDHs are known materials, their deliberate compositional tuning and subsequent application as interfacial layers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) remain underexplored. The synthesized nanostructures demonstrated a reduced band gap of 2.48 eV and efficient visible-light absorption, confirmed by extensive structural and optical analyses. When integrated onto TiO2 photoanodes and sensitized with N719 dye, the Fe-enriched ZnFe-LDHs increased the power conversion efficiency from 4.3 % (bare TiO2) to 5.2 %, representing a ∼ 21 % relative improvement. This enhancement is attributed to improved dye uptake, more efficient light harvesting, and suppressed charge recombination at the TiO2/electrolyte interface. This study underscores the functional versatility of compositionally tailored LDH and introduces an effective surface modification strategy to advance DSSC performance through rational interface design
Lefebvre’s Theory of Space in Urban Poetics: Sensory Experience in Orhan Veli’s İstanbul’u Dinliyorum and Louis MacNeice’s London Rain
No full textInstructor-Assisted Synchronous Online versus Face-to-Face Suturing Training: Effects on Learning and 3-Month Retention in a Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: This study evaluates the learning and retention of basic suturing skills among pre-graduate medical students through instructor-assisted synchronous online (ASO) vs face-to-face (FF) instruction. Methods: A randomized controlled experimental design was used in the practice laboratory of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine. Sixty second-year medical students without prior suturing experience were randomly assigned to FF or ASO groups. Both received identical training with the same materials and instructor. Performance was assessed via the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) 1 day after training and again after 3 months. All assessments were conducted in a single testing room by a blinded assessor. The required sample size, determined via G-Power, was 42, but 60 eligible students participated. Results: The FF group outperformed the ASO group in both the first (28.3 ± 4.5 vs 23.5 ± 5.6, P = 0.001) and second OSCE (30.3 ± 4.7 vs 25.5 ± 5.7, P = 0.001) and completed the first exam in a significantly shorter time (P = 0.029). The overall average score improved in the second OSCE (27.9 ± 5.7 vs 25.9 ± 5.6, P < 0.001), but score changes over time did not significantly differ between groups (P = 0.927). The cut-off score for adequate knot-tying ability was 25.5 in both exams. Conclusions: This study aimed to adapt face-to-face surgical training to an online format, as guidance on remote technical skills instruction is lacking. While the standardized online setting ensured methodological consistency, it limited real-life applicability. FF instruction yielded superior short- and long-term outcomes in suturing skills
Hazırlık Sınıfında Ana Dili Arapça Olmayanların Konuşma Becerilerinin Zayıf Olmasının En Önemli Nedenleri ve Çözüm Yolları
No full textXPO5 Polymorphism in Colon Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full text(1) This cross-sectional study aims to elucidate the association between the XPO5 gene polymorphism (rs11544382) and colon cancer (CC). (2) Genotyping of XPO5 (rs11544382) was performed in 120 individuals (60 CC patients and 60 controls) using real-time PCR (qPCR). Logistic regression and Chi-square (χ2) tests were used for statistical analysis. (3) Evaluation of the XPO5 gene polymorphism in CC and control groups revealed no statistically significant association between the mutant (GG) genotype and either the wild-type (AA) or heterozygous (AG) genotypes (χ2 = 2.07, p = 0.151). The AG genotype was predominant in both patients (86.7%) and controls (91.7%). Smoking and alcohol consumption showed significant associations with CC (p < 0.05). Although the rs11544382 polymorphism was not associated with CC risk, this is a cross-sectional study. In light of these findings, larger and more comprehensive studies with increased sample size are required to clarify the relationship between the XPO5 gene polymorphism (rs11544382) and CC
Unraveling charge separation and reaction pathways in the photo-degradation of emerging contaminants over interface-engineered dual S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts: Experimental and theoretical insights
No full textRational interface and defect engineering have emerged as powerful strategies to address the intrinsic limitations of photocatalysts in energy and environmental applications. In this study, oxygen-vacancy-rich BiOX ( X = Cl, Br) nanoflakes were synthesized and coupled with g -C3N4 through a facile ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal method to construct a ternary BiOvCl/BiOvBr@ g -C3N4 heterojunction. Oxygen vacancies significantly modified the electronic structure, narrowed the bandgap, and extended visible-light absorption, improving charge carrier separation and utilization. A dual S-scheme charge transfer pathway was established within the ternary heterojunction, effectively preserving strong redox potentials while minimizing electron-hole recombination. The optimized BiOvCl/BiOvBr@ g -C3N4 heterojunction achieved remarkable photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine (96.27 % removal within 90 min under simulated solar light), outperforming binary and pristine components. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that oxygen vacancies introduced mid-gap states and facilitated directional charge migration across interfaces, while liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) identified reactive intermediates and clarified the degradation pathway. The synergy between vacancy-induced band modulation and dual S-scheme heterojunction engineering underscores the pivotal role of defect-interface coupling in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. This study provides new insights into the rational design of oxygen-defective, multicomponent photocatalysts and establishes a versatile platform for developing next-generation materials for antibiotic degradation and broader solar-driven environmental remediation
Adhesive wear performance of NiHard-4, alloyed spherical cast iron compared to high Cr cast irons and tool steels
No full textImpact-resistant cold-work tool steels are utilized in striking tools like metal cutting dies, chisels, and hammers. Similarly, wear-resistant cast irons such as ductile iron, NiHard-4, and high-Cr-Mo white cast iron (WCI) are extensively used in mining and heavy-duty environments due to their superior hardness and microstructural stability. In this study, the microstructural characteristics and adhesive wear behaviors of nodular cast iron, NiHard-4, high-Cr-Mo WCI, and high-speed tool steels were comparatively analyzed. Microstructural phases and elemental distributions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The findings reveal that the morphology and distribution of hard carbide phases play a decisive role in wear resistance. The presence of Ni and Si decreased the interfacial energy between the carbides and the matrix, thereby promoting carbide nucleation and uniform dispersion. Consequently, finer and harder carbides formed more homogeneously, resulting in enhanced hardness and improved wear resistance. These results emphasize the critical role of alloying design in optimizing the microstructural integrity and tribological performance of cast and tool steels