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Police Killings in the Mountain West, 2013-2023
No full textThis fact sheet presents data on police killings between 2013 and 2023 for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The Brookings Institution report, “The state of police reform: measuring progress in each state,” tracks the total number of killings by police and the number of killings by police per one million residents in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. This fact sheet reports data on the total number of people killed by police and the rate of police killings per capita for each Mountain West state
Homelessness Among School-Aged Children in the Mountain West, 2022-2023
No full textThis fact sheet presents data on homelessness among school-aged children in the Mountain West during the 2022-2023 school year. The data are sourced from the “Child and Youth Homelessness in the United States: Data Profiles” dashboard produced by SchoolHouse Connection and Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan. State-level data profiles include information about child and youth homelessness at the national, state, county, school district, and congressional district levels. This fact sheet focuses on homelessness among school-aged children within the Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in the Mountain West, 2022
No full textThis fact sheet examines data on Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) clinics located in five Mountain West states: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2022 Fertility Clinic Success Rates Report includes data from all 50 states and provides information on ART services offered by individual clinics, including data on total cycles, fertility preservation cycles, pregnancies, deliveries, and total infants born
Disability and Food Insecurity Among Senior Adults in Southern Nevada
No full textHow does having a disability affect your ability to consistently access enough food?https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/durep_podium/1063/thumbnail.jp
Flexing in Popular Songs From 2024 - 2023
No full textPurpose:
Music is a major agent of socialization. As an art form, music carries with it messaging and rhetoric capable of reaching people en masse. With this in mind, it is vital that we pay a careful eye to music in order to understand what messaging is reaching the public at large. This project is intended to build off of the current literature on music, rhetoric, and socialization by understanding what artists in music brag about - flex - as a means of gaining cultural capital.https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/durep_podium/1065/thumbnail.jp
Stress and Glucose Regulation in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Secondary Analysis From a Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textType 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Additionally, prediabetes is a critical precursor, as it elevates the risk of developing both T2DM and CVDs. (2)
Recent literature reveals among individuals with severe perceived stress, there is a higher likelihood of HbA1c% levels meeting the criteria for prediabetes (5.7– 6.4%) as compared to those with lower perceived stress. (3)
Studies show that psychological stress has hyperglycemic effects in individuals with T2DM, suggesting that stress is associated with poorer blood glucose control. (4)https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/durep_posters/1262/thumbnail.jp
Marine Heat Waves Effects on Rocky Intertidal Ecosystem Functioning
No full textSevere heat waves may cause long-term changes in marine ecosystems and are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency. Here we use surveys from six localities across a six-year interval (2013-2019) to investigate the effects of heat waves on the functional diversity of rocky intertidal ecosystems (Vancouver Island, Canada).
Functional diversity, the number and types of functions performed by organisms, influences ecosystem stability and health. To assess changes in functional diversity we used analyses of biological traits. Biological traits are measurable properties of organisms that describe their morphology, physiology, and behavior. We quantitatively assessed changes in functional diversity in response to marine heatwaves in 2014-2016, and 2019.
Understanding changes in functional diversity in response to climate change is essential to effectively manage ecosystems as heatwaves are expected to increase in frequency and magnitude.https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/durep_posters/1265/thumbnail.jp
Cone Beam CT Assessment of The Zygomatico-Maxillary Buttress for Bone Thickness and Clinical Implications for Miniscrew Insertion
No full textBackground: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have changed the way many orthodontists practice orthodontics. TADs are mini-screw temporary implants made of titanium or stainless steel that are placed in the patient\u27s bone in different locations to aid in complex biomechanical movements. This complete anchorage aids in distalization, intrusion, protraction, etc. with less reliance on patience compliance. While TADs have made many movements easier, there are limitations such as choice of where to place it, skill at placing them and patient individual physiology and anatomy that can limit the use of TADs.Objectives: Infrazygomatic crest (IZC) TADs are particularly useful for distalization and intrusion of the posterior maxillary dentition but often have limitations with root morphology in patients. The objective of this study is to analyze a new location, the zygomatico-maxillary buttress, for TAD placement to aid in these movements. This location would avoid the roots of the maxillary dentition, allowing for easier placement of the TAD and movement of the dentition. Methods: A total of 67 CBCT images were anonymized and analyzed to measure bone depth at 12 different sites per subject, assessing both the right and left sides. The cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) of the upper first molar was selected as the reference point due to its anatomical relationship with the zygomatico-maxillary buttress and its clinical relevance. Measurements were taken at the mesial, middle, and distal regions of the upper first molars. From each site, distances of 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm were marked perpendicularly from the CEJ towards the buccal. A vertical line was then extended from these points until it contacted the bone, at which the total bone depth was recorded. Results: The depth of the bone varied widely across patients ranging from 1.3 mm to 21.9 mm with an overall average of 4.19 mm. The difference is attributed to patients\u27 individual anatomy and not any external factors. The mesial of the upper first molar had the highest average of 4.36 mm and the distal had the lowest average of 4.06. The averages varied more when distance from the CEJ was factored in, with the site 7 mm from the mesial CEJ having an average of 5.28 mm and the measurement 1 mm from the distal CEJ not having any measurable bone. Conclusion: Careful analysis of a CBCT radiograph is recommended prior to placing a TAD in the zygomatico-maxillary buttress area as patient anatomy seems to vary substantially. The highest probability of having adequate bone depth is 5-7 mm away from the mesial aspect of the upper first molar
The Effect of Amputation and Prosthesis Use on the Ability to Differentiate Between Surfaces Underfoot
No full textBackground/ Purpose: There is limited understanding of how the sensory deficits associated with lower limb amputation (LLA) impact mobility during daily life. As a first step to developing this understanding, the aim of this study was to determine to what extent people with LLA can identify differences in commonly encountered walking surfaces beneath their feet. We hypothesized that people with LLA would demonstrate a poorer ability to discriminate between different surfaces than people without an amputation, and that discrimination ability would be surface characteristic-specific; discrimination would be poor for roughness discrimination due to the lack of plantar sensation in the prosthetic foot, but less affected for motility (movement) discrimination, which may be sensible via proximal proprioceptors.
Number of Subjects: 15 individuals with unilateral LLA (13M, 1F; 92.2±15.0 kg; 1.70m ± .094 m). 15 unimpaired controls (7M, 8F; 71.4 ± 18.0 kg; 1.66m ± 0.157 m).
Materials and methods: The testing apparatus consisted of two 1” high platforms at each end of a set of 7’ parallel bars. Two surface samples (2’ x 1’ x 1”) were placed between platforms, in parallel, such that one foot would contact each sample during stepping. Goggles and noise canceling headphones eliminated visual and auditory cues. The discrimination test included 4 surface materials; sandpaper, sand, rough tile and gravel, selected to test how differences in qualities of roughness (sandpaper-rough tile) and motility (sandpaper-sand; rough tile-gravel) varied between groups. Ceramic was maintained as a comparator for each trial, with the opposite side randomized. During each trial, participants stepped on the samples, and were asked to state whether the surfaces below their feet felt the “same” or “different”. Participants completed 80 trials. The percentage of correct responses for each of the sample comparisons was computed. Linear models were used to examine differences in discriminant ability between participants with LLA and controls.
Results: Participants with LLA demonstrated 17% lower accuracy compared to controls (p = .003). Discriminant ability was significantly impacted by surface type (p \u3c .001) with Gravel (Control = 95.4%, LLA = 78.6%), Sand (Control = 86.2%, LLA = 67.4%), Rough Tile (Control = 90%, LLA = 52.7%), and Sandpaper (Control = 16.7%, LLA = 27.2%) varying in accuracy. Supporting our hypothesis, people with LLA had poorer discriminant ability when the surface was less motile (gravel versus rough tile, p = .04) compared to if the surface was less rough (gravel versus sand, p = .84).
Conclusions: People with LLA are less accurate at discriminating between different surfaces compared to people without amputation.
Clinical relevance: An inability to differentiate between surfaces underfoot may affect the ability to respond quickly and appropriately to different terrain demands, potentially leading to reductions in confidence and increases in falls. Assessment and training on such surfaces may improve balance confidence and reduce fall risk
Torque Efficacy of Cadmus Bracket Design using Clear Aligners
No full textIntroduction: Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is an alternative option for clinicians to use for orthodontic treatment as opposed to fixed appliances. Many patients prefer clear aligner therapy due to its esthetic looks, removability, ease of oral hygiene, and comfort. Clear aligner companies boast to clinicians that it can be used more efficiently and effectively than fixed appliances in many orthodontic cases. Although these claims have been made, there is a lack of evidence to prove that clear aligner therapy is more efficient or effective. This research will focus on torque control. This project is designed around a new, pre-manufactured attachment named CADMUS. The research will help improve the design, test its capabilities, and retrieve evidence showing that clear aligner therapy can be used efficiently and effectively in torque control. This pre-manufactured novel attachment is designed to provide the clinician with the option of fixed appliance using its patented slot design while simultaneously providing versatile attachment for clear aligner therapy. The clinician has the option to switch between the two modalities easily depending on the needs of the case in that specific moment. Since the attachment is newly designed, no data exists on the effectiveness of how it performs as an attachment for use in clear aligner therapy.Objective: The objective of this research is to provide data that shows how effective the pre-manufactured attachment can be used for torque control using clear aligner therapy. The research will test common treatment options for use as comparison. It will be an in-vitro simulation of negatively torquing a flared central incisor. Materials and Methods: 3D printed study models will be made for testing. 15 degrees of positive torque is added to UL1. 6 stages at 2.5 degrees for each stage to negatively torque the UL1 back into the arch. 8 different groups will be tested and compared including 2 groups of CADMUS brackets. The groups are Scallop, Straight line, 1.5mm extended, Horizontal rectangular – flat trim, Vertical rectangular – flat trim, Power ridge, CADMUS half bracket, and CADMUS full bracket. Several diagnostic areas will be identified to place radiopaque silicon nitride ceramic bearing balls to help with DICOM statistical data capture. A CBCT scan of each study model is taken at each stage. Intraoral scans will be taken pre and post treatment. Digital data will be analyzed. Results: The study evaluating torque control in orthodontic aligners found significant differences between bracket designs. Measuring torque in degrees across 112 data points, it is determined the CADMUS single wing design yielded the highest average torque per stage (2.48 degrees) and the most favorable crown-to-root ratio (1.13), indicating superior performance. Conversely, the Power Ridge design demonstrated the lowest average torque (1.49 degrees) and the least favorable ratio (3.8). A one-way ANOVA confirmed statistically significant differences (P \u3c 0.05) between groups, highlighting the impact of bracket design on torque efficacy. Conclusions: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the CADMUS bracket system in achieving torque movement during orthodontic aligner therapy, yielding key conclusions. Primarily, the CADMUS bracket, particularly the single-wing design, demonstrated superior performance compared to other control groups. Exhibiting 99% of planned torque movement, it surpassed the next best non-CADMUS option, the 2mm trimline, which achieved 87%. This enhanced performance was further substantiated by a more favorable crown-to-root ratio of 1.13 for the CADMUS single wing, compared to 1.65 for the 2mm trimline, indicating more efficient and controlled force application. While overall torque movement showed statistically significant differences between groups, root movement, although positive, did not reach statistical significance due to the study\u27s limited sample size. Secondly, this research reinforces the importance of attachments in orthodontic aligner therapy, particularly when prescribing torque movements. This finding aligns with existing literature, further validating the clinical utility of attachments in achieving predictable and effective tooth movement. Finally, the study corroborated previous findings regarding the impact of trimline location on aligner therapy, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of this factor in treatment planning. This investigation contributes to the ongoing development of more efficient orthodontic systems. By combining the benefits of fixed and clear aligners, the CADMUS system represents a promising advancement, potentially streamlining treatment and enhancing patient outcomes. Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to solidify these findings, particularly regarding root movement