International Journal of Care Scholars (IJCS)
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An Analysis of the Variables That Impact the Preparedness of Parents to Release Their Premature Babies from the Hospital
Full text linkBackground: The thorough preparation of preterm babies for release home is strongly linked to the decision-making process about their discharge and has a significant impact on their health outcomes. It is crucial in facilitating a seamless transition from the hospital to their home environment.
Methods: This paper examines the concept, research significance, assessment, and factors that affect the readiness of preterm infants to be discharged from the hospital. Specifically, we will focus on the impact of various factors, including the infants' characteristics, carers', hospital, and social factors. The goal is to provide a valuable reference for clinical practice.
Results: The factors influencing discharge family readiness can be divided into four areas, which are factors related to preterm infants, factors related to parents, factors related to the hospital, and issues related to the social environment.
Conclusion: Ensuring families receive adequate support and assessing their readiness for discharge is vital. Additionally, using personalized guidance techniques is also crucial for protecting the well-being of premature newborns and improving the overall health outcomes for their families.
Public Awareness of Triage System in Emergency and Trauma Department: A Literature Review
Full text linkA triage system is being implemented in the Emergency Department (ED) to help categorise the patients according to their acuity. However, there are limited studies discussing patients’ knowledge and understanding of the triage system. This review aimed to identify prior studies that discussed the patients’ knowledge and understanding of the triage system and to discover patients’ expectations of priority when they came to the ED and the reasons for attending the department. The articles were searched through several databases (IIUM Discovery Service, Science Direct, and PubMed) to obtain sources using the Boolean phrase 'AND', filtered down to English full-text articles with open access, and published between 2010 and 2020. A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Among all the studies, only one was conducted in the Southeast Asia region, Singapore. Most of the studies reported findings on reasons for visiting the ED for non-urgent attendance, and four of the studies discussed the patients’ awareness of the triage system. The patients need more information to improve their understanding of the triage system. The literature highlighted that most of the patients expected higher priority when they came to the ED. The main reason for their visit to the ED was because of the convenience offered by the ED in terms of operating hours and the availability of all facilities in one place. More studies about patient’s awareness and knowledge of the triage system need to be conducted to provide a clear insight into what they know about the triage system
Effectiveness of Virgin Coconut Oil Application in Non-Therapeutic Pain Management of Infants by Using NPASS Pain Score as Parameter: An Integrative Review
Full text linkBackground: There has been greater emphasis in recent years on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in soothing infants and reducing pain perception in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). While approaches ranging from swaddling, breastfeeding, to sensory stimulation have encountered limitations in their effectiveness and practical application across different settings; Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has concurrently emerged as a potential non-therapeutic remedy for pain management in infants, thanks to its unique composition. Researchers are investigating its safety and effectiveness as an alternative pain management option for neonates. To answer the following questions: (i) can virgin coconut oil effectively help improve skin dryness and irritation in infants? and (ii) how does the effectiveness of virgin coconut oil compare to standard care in neonatal pain management?
Methods: A search of the existing literature was done on online databases using keywords to narrow down the articles.
Results: Based on the selection criteria, 24 articles were selected to be included in this paper. Three main points can be observed that is on: (i) the properties of VCO in skin barrier function and preventing infection; (ii) recommendations for the use of VCO in infant skin care; and (iii) in pain management of neonates.
Conclusion: There is a gap in the literature for how the pain management of infants and the success of VCO in managing skin conditions in neonates can be further studied to develop standards in managing non-therapeutic pain among infants
Soft Skill Components in Structured Nursing Clinical Skill Assessment on Assisted Procedures: A Clinical Audit
Full text linkBackground: Assisted procedures in nursing involve scenarios where nurses are tasked with supporting physicians in the execution of medical procedures. Nursing academics play a crucial role in cultivating appropriate attitudes towards nursing students. This study aimed to examine the soft skill elements in objectively structured clinical skill assessment on assisted procedures in the undergraduate nursing programme.
Methods: A clinical audit was carried out on the retrospective structured clinical skill assessment exam questions by using the clinical skill assessment index V (CSAI-V) instrument. A total of 3 assisted procedures set of exam questions were collected from 7 higher learning institutions in Malaysia where they offered the undergraduate nursing programme. The data were analysed descriptively.
Results: There were 3 assisted procedures out of 237 collected exam documents found and analysed in this study. The assisted procedures were grouped into 7 types to make them more specific. Although there are nine soft skill elements were identified in relation to assisted procedures, including communication, social and responsibility, critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, leadership, professional and ethical decision-making, numeracy, and interpersonal skills. However, none of the identified nine soft skill elements were found in the assessment rubrics.
Conclusion: Thus, the current assisted procedure checklist needs improvement, especially the soft skills components. Besides, higher-learning nursing institutions should visit and revise the content of their checklist and the related materials if they are concerned about quality graduates
Parent-Child Relationship: Life Narratives of Elderly Parents as Care Receiver
Full text linkBackground: As children age, caring for their parents becomes a significant responsibility. In line with this, all parents as they age also undergo drastic life role shifts in their lives. From parents’ responsibility of caring for their children to children’s responsibility of caring for their parents. In the Philippines, an adult child shouldering the responsibility of being their caregiver is normal as it is a Filipino cultural trait that can be traced to the Filipino culture of “utang na loob.”
Methods: To further explore and understand this concept, this study utilized a qualitative narrative inquiry design that focuses on understanding the life narratives of Filipino elderly parents regarding the parent-child relationship and care being a care receiver. A semi-structured and open-ended one-on-one interview was conducted with 5 Filipino elderly parents eligible for the participant’s criteria of this study.
Results: The findings showed that the development of the parent-child relationship from the role of parents as care providers until it shifts to being a care receiver, influences the type and quality of care the caregiver provides. Moreover, most Filipino elderly parents regardless of sex prefer their daughters as their primary caregivers as they elicit more caregiving behavior, unlike their sons.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the parent-child relationship plays a significant role in the care elderly parents receive from their adult childcare providers. Moreover, elderly parents consider caring for them as their children’s obligation towards them
Exploring a Qualitative Study on the Needs of Orthopaedic Muslim Patients During Period of Immobilisation
Full text linkBackground: The ramifications of immobilisation manifest in a spectrum of physical and mental complications across participants demographics, irrespective of age. The resultant challenges impede individuals from independently executing routine activities, such as bathing and mobility. Consequently, there is an escalating demand for nursing care to assist participants, while concurrently, meeting these needs becomes progressively challenging. This study aims to explore the needs of orthopaedic Muslim participants during their period of immobilisation.
Methods: This qualitative investigation adopted a semi-structured interview approach to engage participants, specifically Muslim orthopaedic participants at the Orthopaedic Ward of Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM (SASMEC@IIUM). The study encompassed interviews with 10 participants, each experiencing immobilisation due to varying reasons and for differing durations. The interviews aimed to discern the participants' needs, Islamic practices observed during immobilisation, and their satisfaction levels regarding received nursing care.
Results: The study's findings elucidated multifaceted needs encompassing physical, psychological, psychosocial, financial aspects, pain management during immobilisation, Islamic practices, and nursing care satisfaction. Immobilisation profoundly affects participants across physical, psychological, psychosocial, and religious dimensions, necessitating support from individuals, aid from specialized equipment, communal assistance, the application of Rukhsah (Islamic dispensation), and tailored nursing care.
Conclusion: High-quality care from both nurses and family members is imperative to adequately address the myriad needs of immobilized participants. Enhanced support and attentive care significantly mitigate the risk of complications in participants recovery
A Systematic Review of Muslim Women’s Knowledge, Perception and View Toward Breast Milk Donation and Milk Bank
Full text linkBackground: Prematurely born, low birth weight, or sick infants are vulnerable and often do not receive enough breast milk from their mothers. In such cases, donated breast milk from other mothers can be safely stored in a milk bank. However, some Muslim countries have been hesitant to establish milk banks due to religious and ethical concerns. Despite this, a few Muslim nations have established Muslim-friendly milk banks to meet the increasing demand for donated breast milk. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether the Muslim community will fully embrace these efforts. This systematic review aims to gather and appraise evidence on Muslim knowledge, perceptions, and views towards breast milk donation and establishing Muslim-friendly milk banks.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost databases using specific search terms and keywords. The search aimed to identify articles published between 2016 and November 2023 that discuss Muslim knowledge, perceptions, and views regarding breastmilk donation, as well as the establishment of Muslim-friendly milk banks. The identified articles were then screened and retrieved.
Results: A total of 2498 articles were initially retrieved out of which only twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were finally considered for analysis. All the studies were conducted in Middle East countries among Muslim women. The analysis revealed that the majority of Muslim women were not aware of the availability of Muslim-friendly milk banks. They showed reluctance in donating their breast milk due to religious concerns. Moreover, a significant proportion of women expressed their doubts about the endorsement of milk banking due to religious beliefs and concerns regarding the potential transmission of diseases.
Conclusion: Recent studies have shown that there is a lack of awareness regarding Muslim-friendly milk banks, and there are also negative perceptions and views about donating breast milk and setting up milk banks. It is important to provide information that can increase women’s confidence and encourage them to participate in breast milk donation and milk bank utilisation.
Prevention of Dementia Through Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training: A Narrative Review
Full text linkBackground: Dementia reduces the ability to live independently, thus deteriorating the patient’s quality of life and caregivers' mental health. Consequently, dementia indirectly affects economic and social growth. Dementia is also a major contributor to death worldwide. There is no effective treatment for dementia, but preventing physical and cognitive inactivity among the elderly could help. Studies show that the risk of dementia increases in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods: This review set out to compare the effects of physical exercise (PE) and cognitive training (CT) on cognitive performance among the elderly with MCI, by examining the evidence from published literature between 2013-2023. Four major electronic databases were used to search the relevant studies, resulting in 2782 articles. A total of fourteen articles were included in the review.
Results: The findings showed that interventions with naturally combined cognitive and physical training not only improved cognitive performance, but also prevented the elderly from stress and fatigue. Integrating physical exercise and cognitive training interventions with the best combination method is crucial to ensure participant adherence. Therefore, the intervention can be incorporated effectively into healthcare policies and programs to support cognitive health in aging populations.
Conclusion: Future studies should also explore the optimal duration of training sessions to maximise cognitive benefits and ensure participant adherence and motivation