International Journal of Care Scholars (IJCS)
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Usefulness of Alvarado Score for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Hospitals of Poor Resources
Get PDFBackground: The delay in diagnosing appendicitis is associated with a significant increase in mortality and morbidity among patients due to complications such as perforation, peritonitis and septicaemia. Therefore, Alvarado score is one of the tools used to diagnose appendicitis and reduce the probability of delayed diagnosis based on clinical and laboratory indicators. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the precision of Alvarado score in diagnosing appendicitis among suspected patients in an al-Wihda teaching hospital, Thamar University, Yemen. Methods: a total of od 106 participants suspected of having appendicitis due to the clinical presentation were included in the study. Alvarado score was determined in each of the participants upon tier arrival to the emergency department of the hospital. Based on the follow-up, histological examination and the intraoperative observation the diagnosis was confirmed or excluded. The accuracy of the score was evaluated by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios. Results: The cut point of Alvarado score 8 was used in diagnosing appendicitis with 87% and 93% sensitivity and specificity respectively. The positive the likelihood ratio was 12 and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.14. Conclusion: Alvarado score is a promising criterion-based tool that would vitally help in early detection of appendicitis among patients. More efforts are required to improve the precision of test and minimize the number of cases mistakenly diagnosed with appendicitis in hospitals with limited resources
Cancer Incidence and Chemotherapy-Induced Adverse Effects in Asia
Get PDFObjective: Primary caregivers and researchers are challenged every day in finding an appropriate treatment for cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the treatments to treat cancer, however, the adverse effects from chemotherapy present a significant problem. The aim of this review is to present the current standings of the incidence of cancer and the adverse effects of chemotherapy among Asians. Method: Studies which were conducted from 1990 through June 2018 containing phrases such as ‘Cancer incidence in Asia’, ‘chemotherapy-induced adverse effects in Asia’, ‘CIPN in Asia’, ‘CINV in Asia’ and ‘chemotherapy-induced anaemia in Asia’ were searched through PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. Where appropriate, ‘Asia’ was replaced by the name of a specific country to ensure searching of the database. Results: Incident rates of new cancer cases and death in Asia are increasing which are estimated to reach 48 % of new cases and 55 % of death. While studies had reported using different chemotherapeutic agents to treat cancer, most of them detailed the adverse effects of chemotherapy that affected the patients, thus affecting their quality of life. Conclusion: Findings from this review concluded that cancer incidence is increasing which may require early detection of cancer and optimal treatment. This may aid in the selection of an appropriate chemotherapy regimen with reduced side effects
Self-transition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Client: A Concept Analysis
Get PDFObjective: Behavioural modification required transition process to occur. There is limited data discussed on self-transition process to occur. Thus, this paper is aimed to examine self-transition concept for better understanding in managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus client. Methods: A Walker & Avant guideline was employed during concept analysis carried out. 20 articles have been extracted from CINAHL, ProQuest and Science Direct with duration of published paper within 2000 to 2016. Keywords of transition, transitions, self-transition and self-transition were used in extracting relevant articles. Results: Trust and empowerment are required antecedents prior to self-transition occurrence. There are four different attributes namely as challenges, availability of support system, vulnerability and self-regulatory/self- efficacy. Consequence of self-transition will lead to behavioural modification which may occurs through self -evaluation or epiphanies. Sustainability is another aspect that should be considered in maintaining behavioural modification. Conclusion: Self-transition will occur with the assistance of self-regulatory/self- efficacy based on the availability of support system. Furthermore, challenges and vulnerability will assist in shaping a person self-transition. Indeed, trust and empowerment are the antecedents prior to the development of individual self-transition. Successfulness of self-transition occurrence depends on sustainability of resources and perceptive behavioural modification changes either through self- evaluation or epiphanies
A Review on Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis: Ongoing Challenges for Musculoskeletal Care
Get PDFOsteoarthritis and osteoporosis are two different musculoskeletal conditions which requires everyone attention. Physically inactive and increasingly obese requires a change from treating musculoskeletal conditions to a preventive approach towards promoting lifelong musculoskeletal health among older people. Accumulating data suggest that both osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are associated with an increased risk of pain, social disturbance and reduced quality of life. This review explores the management of these musculoskeletal conditions and its challenges in providing care for people living with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. Prevention strategies and promotion of lifelong good musculoskeletal health are challenging within the society
Community Experiences on Prevention, Preparedness and Recovery of The Flood Disaster in Cultural and Local Wisdom Context
Get PDFObjective: This qualitative descriptive study, underpinned by the naturalistic inquiry, explored the experiences of each level of households during and after the devastating flood disaster occurred in Kelantan, based on their cultural and local wisdom context. Methods: Three most affected districts were selected in this research: Gua Musang, Kuala Krai and Kota Bharu. Data gathered in this study was the researcher himself, in-depth interview guides, tape and video recording of interviews and a diary of the study for the duration of four months. Individuals from each level of the household were taken as a key informant. Results: Based on the data gathered from key informants, the prominent features of this research are: community preparedness in dealing with floods, uneven distribution of rains, unpredictable flood water level, inadequate food supply and preparation, the proper salvation of community in self-rescue, effectiveness of communication during evacuation, inappropriate manner, water rise indication at a certain area and signs of nature. Conclusion: These findings were reflected in the experiences together understanding the value of local wisdom and cultural faced by key informants dealing with the flood disaster and it would be used in creating appropriate programs on preparation in dealing with such disaster in the future
A Feasibility Study of the ESCAPE-pain Programme for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in the Malaysian Context: Preparation of A Protocol
Get PDFBackground: In Malaysia, around one in ten older people are diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA), with the knee being one of the most commonly affected areas. This can lead to functional limitations, impaired activities of daily living and reduced quality-of-life. Thus, a systematic review of the literature concludes that a programme integrating exercise, education and active coping strategies, known as Enabling Self- management and Coping with Arthritic Pain using Exercise (ESCAPE-pain) provides the best evidence for patients with knee OA. Objective: Through Thus, this study aims to evaluate the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial to explore the implementation of the ESCAPE-pain programme among patients with knee OA in the Malaysian healthcare context guided by the UK Medical Research Council Framework (2000). Methods: This is a pragmatic, feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) recruiting patients (n=72) with knee osteoarthritis from two hospitals in Malaysia. Participants were randomised to receive ESCAPE-pain intervention plus usual care (n=36) (intervention group) or usual care only (n=36) (control group). The ESCAPE-pain programme was delivered twice weekly for six weeks by a certified trainer. Outcomes were measured for physical function (TUG), knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOS), mental wellbeing (Short-WEMWBS), exercise health beliefs and self-efficacy and fear of falling (Short-FES-I) at baseline, six-week and after 12-week of intervention. Results: This is the first study to evaluate the implementation in the Malaysian healthcare context. Conclusion: The findings are hoped to facilitate the practicality of the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial, to support people living with knee osteoarthritis in Malaysia
Test-Retest Reliability of Malay Version of Stroke Knowledge Test
Get PDFObjective: This study was aimed to evaluate the stability and reliability of the Malay version of the Stroke Knowledge Test among kidney disease patients at the Hemodialysis Unit and Nephrology Clinic of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 conveniently-selected kidney disease patients between April and May 2017. The questionnaires consisted of three parts: sociodemographic background, clinical, and lifestyle-related risk factors; the Malay version of the Stroke Knowledge Test was administered on the patients in a pre-test/post-test manner with a gap of two weeks. Results: The Malay version of the Stroke Knowledge Test had a fair pre-test/post-test agreement (ICC=0.247) when administered on the kidney disease patients to measure their knowledge of stroke. The items were considered to have acceptable difficulty and discrimination indexes. They were also reliable as all aspects of stroke were covered. Conclusions: The Malay version of the Stroke Knowledge Test had a fair pre-test/ post-test agreement when conducted on the kidney disease patients to check its stability and reliability. The results reflected a mixture of easy and moderate content, as well as acceptable modifications of the items. Hence, as per previous researches, this instrument was considered to be a reliable tool for evaluating the knowledge of stroke outcomes in kidney disease patients. Future larger research is needed to confirm the test-retest reliability of the instrument
Influence of Perceive Social Support or Pre-Operative Support Program on Quality of Life in Patients Awaiting Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Surgery: Mixed Method Systematic Review
Get PDFObjective: This paper is a report of a review to identify relevant literature and to summarize the effectiveness of perceived social support on quality of life in patients while waiting for CABG surgery. Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common leading causes of death in the world and the most common treatment is CABG surgery. Patients who have been diagnosed and listed for CABG surgery should adapt himself to overcome the changes in their new lifestyle. To conquer this, they should have social support or pre-operative support while waiting for their CABG surgery. Data Source: A search of health and health science database located eleven papers including quantitative and qualitative studies focusing on the perceived social support or pre-operative program on quality of life in patients waiting for CABG surgery. Review Methods: A mixed-method systematic review involving quantitative and qualitative research findings. Inclusion criteria for this review were quantitative and qualitative studies which focus on perceived social support or preoperative program on quality of life in patients waiting for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Results: The issue of perceived social support of patients prior to undergoing their CABG surgery existed from the last decades. Although many researchers have been conducted studies to solve the said issue, no proper solution was found until the present. Conclusion: More efforts should be made to improve the quality of life in patients awaiting CABG surgery to prepare them physically, mentally and sociologically to adapt themselves to a new lifestyle
Integration Of Islamic Values in Undergraduate Nursing Program: An Expository Analysis
Get PDFNursing is a caring profession which has sympathy, compassion, and helping others inherently which is known as soft skills in current modern day. Those skills are the foundation of Islamic values for a Muslim graduate nurse who should pose. Hence, this study aimed to address the importance of integrating Islamic values in the undergraduate nursing program. This paper provides an account that is intended as an expository analysis method for the integration of Islamic values in the undergraduate nursing program. Paying attention not only to the material world of human but also his or her soul and spirituality dimension. Thus, the subject area to investigate the effect of the integration on Islamic values or soft skills in the undergraduate nursing program is extremely recommended for future study
Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Wound Healing in Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Mini Re- view
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease in which the body has difficulty producing insulin which leads to high blood glucose levels. Consequently, people suffering from DM can have damage organs, blood vessels, and nerves which resulting in getting diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Other therapeutic interventions are offered if the DFU does not heal with normal standard wound care. One of which is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) that will increase the oxygen supply to wounds. However, the effectiveness of this therapy is not clearly known until the present. Thus, the review of this paper aimed to report on the results of the analysis of research that focuses on the effect HBOT on diabetic foot ulcer healing. Relevant literature was searched in Google Scholar and PubMed used keywords “hyperbaric oxygen therapy" "diabetic foot ulcer" "wound healing", and “chronic ulcerâ€. Five articles that met the inclusion criteria based on the results of the analysis. Although there was some indication of a beneficial effect of the wound healing process, it is currently unknown which patients are likely to benefit from HBOT and which patients are not