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Living in the LBK Village of Těšetice-Kyjovice (Czech Republic): A Multi-Proxy Approach to Socio-Technical Organization
No full textInternational audienceThe Early Neolithic site of Těšetice-Kyjovice, located in South Moravia (Czech Republic), reveals a remarkable LBK (Linearbandkeramik) village comprising approximately 100 houses. Long-term excavations conducted by Masaryk University (Brno, Czech Republic) have uncovered 23 of these houses, offering a unique opportunity to investigate the socio-technical dynamics of this community. As part of a French-Czech collaborative research project (IEA TKLit, CNRS, 2022–2024), we have resumed an integrative study of the archaeological material, enhanced by new technological insights.Our analysis focuses on a multi-proxy approach, examining lithic and macrolithic tools, osseous artefacts, pottery styles, and ceramic production technologies. By synthesizing these datasets, we aim to identify the socio-technical identities of the village's households. Specifically, we investigate whether the housing units display homogeneity or diversity in their material culture and technological practices. In our presentation, we will consider whether these households are functionally self-contained or if they reflect interdependence and cooperation within the broader community.Through comparative analysis, we will explore patterns of similarity and divergence across different material categories, shedding light on how socio-technical organization shaped daily life in this LBK village. The cross-material perspective we employ not only reconstructs the socio-economic networks within Těšetice-Kyjovice but also situates this community within broader discussions of the first farmer's settlement organization in Central Europe. Ultimately, our findings will contribute to refining existing models of LBK socio-technical systems, offering new insights into the complexities of LBK household and community interactions
L'écriture numérique : un défi pour l'enseignement ?
No full texthttps://theconversation.com/lecriture-numerique-un-defi-pour-lenseignement-25475
Impact of seasons and temperatures on the sleep-wake cycle in a French elderly rural population
No full textInternational audienceSleep is known to be affected by season changes in a temperate climate. Temperature changes are known to affect sleep directly, but in this context, season-related changes in the circadian rhythm may play an important role as well. The objectives of this study were to verify the effect of season and temperature on sleep parameters of elderly French subjects and to focus on the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep parameters and sleep-wake cycle parameters were analyzed through actigraphy while seasonality and temperature were acquired from recording dates and weather records from online scientific archives. ANOVAs were carried out to investigate the effect of seasons on actigraphic parameters and to calculate regression models for temperature. A sample of 157 subjects (49.7 % women) participated in the study with a mean age of 76.9 ± 4.5 years. Inter-daily stability of the sleep-wake cycle was higher in autumn and winter with a higher mean activity during those months. Time in bed was significantly longer in autumn and winter while there was a similar trend for total sleep time. Those variables changing with the seasons were negatively linked to ambient temperature. Not only sleep but also the sleep-wake cycle is impacted by seasonal changes in elderly French subjects. Seasons should be taken into consideration when planning sleep-wake cycle recordings in temperate climates, in particular for longitudinal protocols. Clinical interventions should take season-related sleep-wake cycle problems into account, particularly in the elderly, who suffer more often from sleep disorders than other age groups. Since elderly also suffer more from climate change effects, this study further adds to the demand for clinical monitoring and housing adaptations for the elderly in the future
Guidelines for anaesthesia of adults with congenital heart disease in non-cardiac surgery.
No full textInternational audienceOBJECTIVE: To provide guidelines for the anesthetic management of adults with congenital heart disease for non-cardiac surgery. DESIGN: A consensus committee of 16 experts was convened. A formal conflict-of-interest (COI) policy was developed at the beginning of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industrial funding (i.e., pharmaceutical, medical devices). The authors were required to follow the rules of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE®) system to guide the assessment of the quality of evidence. The potential drawbacks of making strong recommendations in the presence of low-quality evidence were emphasized. METHODS: The committee studied 10 questions within 4 fields: preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, postoperative care, and obstetrics. Each question was formulated in a PICO (Patients Intervention Comparison Outcome) format and evidence profiles were produced. The literature review and recommendations were made according to the GRADE® methodology. RESULTS: The experts' synthesis work and the application of the GRADE® method resulted in 11 expert opinions. Some of the questions did not find any response in the literature. After one round of scoring, a strong agreement was reached for all recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: There was strong agreement among experts for 10 recommendations to improve practices for the anesthetic management of adults with congenital heart disease for non-cardiac surgery
WikiTermBase: An AI-Augmented Term Base to Standardize Arabic Translation on Wikipedia
No full textInternational audienceTerm bases are recognized as one of the most effective components of translation software in time saving and consistency. In spite of the many recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) and large language models (LLMs), major translation platforms have yet to take advantage of these tools to improve their term bases and support scalable content for underrepresented languages, which often struggle with localizing technical terminology. Language academies in the Arab World, for example, have struggled since the 1940s to unify the way new scientific terms enter the Arabic language at scale. This abstract introduces an open source tool, WikiTermBase, with a systematic approach for building a lexicographical database with over 900K terms, which were collected and mapped from a multitude of sources on a semantic and morphological basis. The tool was successfully implemented on Arabic Wikipedia to standardize translated English and French terms
A 71% Relative Bandwidth Differential Integrated Power Amplifier With Optimized PAEmax for 5G-NR FR1 Carrier Aggregation Applications
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a wideband Power Amplifier (PA) integrated in 28nm FD-SOI CMOS technology dedicated to sub-6 GHz 5G with controlled PAEmax based on a variable harmonic load across its operating bandwidth. The PA achieves a gain between 31 and 34 dB, a Psat from 20.5 to 22 dBm in the operating bandwidth from 2.9 to 6.1 GHz. Thanks to the PAE control, a PAEmax between 27 and 35% is achieved along the entire operating bandwidth. Modulated 5G-NR FR1 signal measurements are performed with a Walsh-based DPD using an intra-band carrier aggregation scenario to showcase the PA robustness for contiguous carriers. For the first time to the best author’s knowledge, PAEmax control is demonstrated over a relative bandwidth of 71%
Escape Game to Promote Students' Mental Health Outcomes in the Aftermaths of COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study Evaluating a Cocreated Intervention
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and the protracted lockdowns have heavily impacted university students' mental health. Digital Escape Games represent a good means to reach students and propose them solutions for their psychological well-being. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate a cocreated digital Escape Game on students' mental health in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, called EscapeCovid Game. The evaluation of the effectiveness of this stand-alone intervention concerns mental health outcomes (mental health literacy, appraisal and change of beliefs about mental health, management of emotions, and development of coping strategies) and the appreciation and relevance of the game. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with pre- and posttest data collection (online questionnaires with validated scales) is conducted among 500 students in Bordeaux, France, to evaluate the EscapeCovid Game cocreated with students, researchers, health professionals, and web developers. A subsample of students is randomly selected for responding to a semistructured interview following a mixed methods design. Recruitment is done through mail invitations from student associations and presentations in university classes. Half of the sample of the trial plays the Escape Game, while the other half receives an email with mental health-related information. Within the game, students discuss their personal experiences. The text is further used for the qualitative analyses. The whole study is carried out online. RESULTS: The EscapeCovid Game has been developed, tested, and finalized by the end of March 2023. As of November 4, 2024, a total of 191 students have answered the baseline questionnaire (90 intervention vs 101 control). A total of 23 students have played the game and 53 are in the control arm. Among participants, by the end of September 20, 2023, twenty were interviewed (10 intervention and 10 control) reaching sample saturation. According to preliminary results, the EscapeCovid Game has had a positive impact on all defined outcomes, while the email has been effective in increasing knowledge on resources available and on coping strategies and meditation techniques. We expect the trial to be completed by the end of June 2025. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed methods findings of this study are due to demonstrate the effectiveness of the EscapeCovid Game in improving students' mental health outcomes. Preliminary results from the qualitative substudy are promising: in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis, this intervention is intended to promote players' mental health through gamification, knowledge transfer, and a learning-by-doing approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06720792; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06720792. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/64068
Bivalve monitoring over French coasts: multi-decadal records of carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ15N and C:N) as ecological indicators of global change
No full textInternational audienceRecent changes in climate and environment, influenced by both global and local factors, have had profound impacts on coastal ecosystem functioning and trajectories. By examining archived samples from ongoing ecological monitoring efforts, particularly focusing on bivalves like mussels and oysters, we gain a valuable long-term perspective on how ecosystems are responding at various scales. We conducted analyses on carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios (C:N, δ13C, δ15N) of mussel and oyster soft tissues collected annually at 33 sites along the French coast from 1981 to 2021. This extensive dataset (https://doi.org/10.17882/100583, Liénart et al., 2024a) offers a comprehensive view spanning multiple decades and ecosystems, allowing to track how coastal ecosystems and marine species record changing climate, physical-chemical environments and organic matter cycles. Additionally, these data are crucial for establishing isotope baselines for studying food webs. Ultimately, this data set provide valuable information for more effective ecosystem conservation and management strategies in our rapidly changing world
Surgery for the treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with unilateral adrenal incidentalomas and mild autonomous cortisol secretion (CHIRACIC): a multicentre, open-label, superiority randomised controlled trial
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundAdrenal incidentalomas are found in 3–10% of adults undergoing abdominal imaging. Of these, 30–50% are responsible for mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), which is frequently associated with hypertension. The impact of adrenalectomy on hypertension in patients with unilateral incidentalomas and MACS remains uncertain. The aim of the CHIRACIC study was to prospectively assess the impact of surgical excision of the incidentaloma on blood pressure with a randomised trial combining accurate blood pressure measurement and standardisation of antihypertensive treatment.MethodsCHIRACIC was a multicentre, superiority, open-label, parallel, randomised controlled trial performed at 17 university hospitals in France, Italy, and Germany. Adults with hypertension with MACS entered a run-in phase to confirm hypertension with multiple home blood pressure measurements (HBPM) before blood pressure was normalised with standardised stepped-care antihypertensive treatment. Eligible participants were then randomly assigned (1:1) to adrenalectomy or conservative management. Randomisation was blocked (random block size of 4 and 6) and stratified by intensity of antihypertensive treatment. Participants were followed up for 13 months and systematic attempts were made to gradually reduce antihypertensive treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of normotensive participants using HBPM who reduced their antihypertensive treatment in the intention-to-treat population at study completion. Key secondary endpoints included 24 h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), mean change in antihypertensive treatment, and the proportion of participants with antihypertensive treatment at study completion. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02364089, and is completed.FindingsBetween April 9, 2015 and Nov 23, 2022, 78 patients were enrolled, and 52 eligible participants were randomly assigned to adrenalectomy (n=26, 23 underwent adrenalectomy and completed the study) or conservative management (n=26, 25 completed the study). The median age of participants was 63·3 years (IQR 57·4–68·2) and 36 (69%) were female. At study completion, a reduction in antihypertensive treatment with normal HBPM was observed in 12 (46%) of 26 participants treated with adrenalectomy and in four (15%) of 26 treated conservatively (adjusted risk difference [RD] 0·34 [95% CI 0·11 to 0·58]; p=0·0038). Similar results of smaller magnitude were observed for systolic blood pressure during 24 h ABPM. There were ten (43%) of 23 participants still needing antihypertensive treatment in the adrenalectomy group and 24 (96%) of 25 in the conservative management group (adjusted RD –0·58 [95% CI –0·78 to –0·38]; p<0·0001). Mean antihypertensive treatment step was 0·8 (SD 1·1) in the adrenalectomy group and 3·0 (1·4) in the conservative management groups (adjusted difference –2·05 [95% CI –2·61 to –1·50]; p<0·0001]. The number of patients with normal systolic HBPM and no hypertensive treatment was 12 (52%) of 23 in the adrenalectomy group and none in the conservative management group. Serious adverse events occurred in eight (35%) of 23 participants in the adrenalectomy group and eight (31%) of 26 participants in the conservative management group. Three serious adverse events for three (13%) participants were related to the surgery (post-surgical wall pain and hypotension).InterpretationMACS associated with unilateral adrenal incidentalomas is responsible for secondary hypertension that can be safely improved by minimally-invasive adrenalectomy