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Prise en charge d’enfants atteints de dysplasie ectodermique. Intérêt des mini-implants : une revue systématique de la littérature
No full textProsthetic retention problems in children with ED are a major aspect in their dental care. The implant solution in children has always been a source of questions. From now on, the PNDS recommendations authorize us to place symphyseal ICs from 6 years of age in cases of severe oligodontia or anodontia. However, some clinical situations do not allow us to place ICs and the MDI hypothesis appears. The objective of our study is to examine the clinical success of MDIs and child satisfaction and to assess whether MDIs can be defined as an usual treatment. This is a systematic review of the literature using the PubMed database conducted for articles from 2013 to 2024. Clinical studies of growing children with ED treated with MDIs (diameter less than 3 mm) were included. After applying the inclusion criteria and full reading, only four articles were retained for this review given the rarity of the syndrome. The positive results of the four clinical cases studied encourage us to propose MDIs as an alternative to ICs. They reveal a clear improvement in the quality of life, chewing and aesthetics of children. Nevertheless, both larger-scale and longer-term data would be necessary to know if this solution can be the gold standard. It remains a challenge to explore in the future.Les problèmes de rétention prothétique chez les enfants atteints de DE est un aspect majeur dans leur prise en charge dentaire. La solution implantaire chez les enfants a toujours été source de questionnements. Dorénavant, les recommandations du PNDS nous autorisent la pose d‘IC symphysaires dès 6 ans en cas d’anodontie ou d’oligodontie sévère. Cependant, certaines situations cliniques ne nous permettent par la pose d’IC et l’hypothèse des MDI apparaît. L’objectif de notre étude est d’examiner le succès clinique des MDI et la satisfaction des enfants et d'évaluer si les MDI peuvent être considérés comme un traitement d’usage. Il s’agit d’une revue systématique de la littérature à l’aide de la base de données PubMed conduite pour des articles de 2013 à 2024. On a inclus des études cliniques d’enfants en pleine croissance, atteints de DE et soignés par des MDI (de diamètre inférieur à 3 mm). Après application des critères d’inclusion et lecture intégrale des articles, seuls quatre articles ont été conservés pour cette revue étant donné la rareté du syndrome. Les résultats positifs des quatre cas cliniques étudiés nous encouragent à proposer les MDI comme alternative des IC. Ils nous suggèrent une nette amélioration de la qualité de vie, de la mastication et de l’esthétique des enfants. Néanmoins, des données à plus grande échelle et plus long terme semblent nécessaires pour savoir si cette solution pourra être le gold standard. Cela reste encore un défi à explorer à l’avenir
Can AIs understand our world? Functionally grounding LLMs in interactive environments.
No full texthttps://developmentalsystems.org/glamChatGPT, GPT-4, Mistral, Gemini… In recent months, a flurry of "language models," mostly developed by major companies such as Google, Facebook, and OpenAI, have emerged. These intriguing tools, now widely used by the general public (who hasn't heard of ChatGPT at a family gathering?), all operate on the same principle: software capable of responding to textbased messages from users.Whether it is answering questions about historical facts, telling jokes, or generating cover letters, these tools initially appear impressive in their capabilities. However, upon closer inspection, certain limitations become evident. Notably, these systems sometimes produce false or entirely fabricated information. This makes distinguishing truth from falsehood particularly challenging since the model itself cannot discern the difference and presents all outputs with equal confidence. Some inaccuracies, however, immediately raise suspicion, especially when they seem completely disconnected from the world as we know it. Consider, for instance, this absurd explanation from ChatGPT: an anaconda cannot "fit, size-wise, in a shopping mall" because its length would pose a problem given the building's ceiling height.</div
Parkinson's Disease, Speech and Neurosurgery
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Speech impairment is a recognized but unpredictable adverse effect of sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD).Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of speech impairment 1 year after STN-DBS in PD patients and to determine the predictive factors for speech outcome following STN-DBS.Methods: Data for 417 patients from the French national PREDISTIM study were collected preoperatively. The combined effect of medical treatment and surgery on speech was compared using specific items from dedicated clinical scales (MDS-UPDRS III.1: primary endpoint) and patient self-assessment questionnaires (items 34 and 35 of the PDQ39: secondary endpoints). For each variable, three patient groups were generated according to speech outcome at 1 year: worsening, stability, and improvement. In the second step analysis, the three groups were compared for demographic and clinical variables at baseline and STN-DBS parameters.Results: There was a significant deterioration in speech of all considered items 1 year after combined STN-DBS and dopaminergic treatment. Four predictive factors for speech deterioration were detected: (i) the absence of preoperative speech impairment (p < 0.001); (ii) severity of motor activity of daily living (MDS-UPDRS II off total score) (p = 0.037); (iii) high-intensity stimulation of the left electrode (i.e., above 3.6 V) (p = 0.046); and (iv) the absence of any change in non-motor experiences of daily life (MDS-UPDRS I total score) (p = 0.048).Conclusions: Speech outcome should be carefully monitored after STN-DBS, especially in PD patients without preoperative speech impairment, with motor difficulties in daily-living activities, and with increased left electrode intensity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02360683
Dentinogenèse imparfaite : revue de la littérature sur la prise en charge prothétique en denture permanente
No full textHereditary dentinogenesis imperfecta (DIH) is a rare genetic disorder affecting dentin, leading to dental fragility, discoloration, and significant functional and aesthetic impairments. In patients with permanent dentition, management often relies on prosthetic restorations, although no standardized therapeutic protocol has been established to date. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and Scopus databases, with no date restrictions. Included articles had to describe clinical cases of patients with permanent dentition affected by DIH who received prosthetic treatment. Twenty-seven articles were selected based on strict eligibility criteria. The reported cases show a wide variety of prosthetic treatments (tooth-supported or implantsupported crowns, veneers, removable prostheses), depending on the clinical situations. The materials used are diverse (metal-ceramic, zirconia, composite, lithium disilicate), and the bonding techniques vary between cementation and adhesive bonding. This systematic review highlights the considerable variability in therapeutic approaches, reflecting the complexity of managing this condition. Thus, the treatment of DIH remains a major clinical challenge, requiring further progress toward standardizing therapeutic protocols.La dentinogenèse imparfaite héréditaire (DIH) est une anomalie génétique rare affectant la dentine, entraînant une fragilité dentaire, une dyschromie et des altérations fonctionnelles et esthétiques importantes. Chez les patients en denture permanente, la prise en charge repose fréquemment sur des restaurations prothétiques, bien qu’aucun protocole thérapeutique standardisé ne soit établi à ce jour. Une revue systématique a été menée à partir des bases de données PubMed et Scopus, sans limite de date. Les articles inclus devaient concerner des cas cliniques de patients en denture permanente atteints de DIH, ayant reçu un traitement prothétique. Vingt-sept articles ont été retenus selon des critères d’éligibilité stricts. Les cas recensés montrent une grande variété de traitements prothétiques (couronnes dentoportées ou implanto-portées, facettes, prothèses amovibles) dépendant des situations cliniques. Les matériaux utilisés sont divers (céramo-métal, zircone, composites, disilicate de lithium), et les techniques d’assemblage varient entre scellement et collage. Cette revue systématique met en évidence une grande variabilité des approches thérapeutiques, reflétant la complexité du traitement de cette pathologie. Ainsi, la gestion de la DIH demeure un défi clinique majeur, nécessitant des avancées dans la standardisation des traitements
Decoupling of symmetry breaking and spin crossover in iron(III) complexes bearing an N -benzylethylenediamine ligand
No full textInternational audienceThree iron(III) spin crossover compounds, [Fe(salBzen-5-OMe)2]A, where HsalBzen-5-OMe = 2-[(2-benzylaminoethylimino)methyl]-4-methoxyphenol and A = Cl– 1, Br– 2, I– 3, have been synthesized and fully characterized. UV–vis spectroscopy reveals two LMCT bands corresponding to the LS and HS states in solution. X-ray crystallography indicates that the compounds crystallize in monoclinic P21/n or P21/c (1), (2) or tetragonal P43212 (3) phases. At room temperature, complexes 1 and 2 display HS FeIII centers, while complex 3 adopts an LS state. Notably, complexes 1 and 2 exhibit symmetry breaking, decoupling the phenomenon from spin crossover. A variety of intermolecular interactions, including C–H···π, C–H···O, N–H···O, C–H···anion, and N–H···anion, are responsible for linking the cations and forming a 3D supramolecular network. SQUID magnetometry studies show that compounds 1 and 2 remain high spin down to 10 K, while complex 3 undergoes a gradual spin crossover above 350 K. Crystallization of 2 at lower temperatures and humidity gives a tetragonal phase P43212 (2’) that exhibits a spin crossover profile very similar to 3. Moreover, the crystal structure of 2’ reveals temperature-dependent modulation. These results highlight the significant role of counterions in modulating the magnetic properties of these compounds and demonstrate the independent control of symmetry breaking and spin crossover. This work offers valuable insights for designing advanced functional materials for molecular spintronics and materials science
Local Struggles as a Resource for Multinational Corporations: Romanian Farm Managers Facing Agricultural Commodity Traders
No full textInternational audienceSeveral multinational corporations engaged in the trading of agricultural commodities have been active in Romania for several decades. To explain this situation, international business studies put the emphasis on transaction costs and a series of variables that guide location choices. This line of reasoning fails to take proper account of local power relations. The notion of “field”, as conceived by Pierre Bourdieu, offers an alternative. In Romania, multinational corporations contribute to the formation of an entrepreneurial field in which the issue at stake is the exercise of local symbolic power. Their ability to collect and store grain in the long term depends at the same time on this structural organisation. To account for this situation, we need to examine successive decollectivization measures and the resulting benefits for multinational corporations. After the fall of the Communist regime, agricultural entrepreneurs first took advantage of the restitution and redistribution of land to cultivate cereals and oilseeds over vast areas. All of them aim to export their products. However, they have difficulty in controlling this choice due to limited storage capacity. As a matter of fact, multinational corporations engaged in agricultural commodity trading took advantage of a second reform package and now control the main silos. Entrepreneurs looking to sell their crops have to deal with these constraints. Their approach depends on the capital they have at their disposal. This led to internal conflicts, the developments of which we have examined between 2010 and 2017
Les raisons d’utilisation de la cigarette électronique chez les jeunes adultes âgés de 18-30 ans : une revue systématique de la littérature
No full textThe use of psychoactive products by young adults is part of their identity exploration, facilitated by social and structural contexts in which these substances are legal and easily accessible. While the motivations for initiation and continuation of tobacco and alcohol use are well documented, this is not the case for e-cigarettes. The main objective of this systematic review was to describe the reasons why adults aged 18 to 30 start and continue to use e-cigarettes. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, SocINDEX full text, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Cochrane Library and gray literature including studies published in English or French up to June 2024. 1,123 articles were selected based on their title and abstract, and 37 articles published between 2015 and 2024 were finally included. Flavor appeal is one of the most commonly reported extrinsic factors for initiation and continuation of e-cigarette use. Other reasons vary between intrinsic and extrinsic factors: smoking cessation is a commonly reported intrinsic motivation, often combined with other factors. Structural extrinsic factors such as regulatory policies seem to be less recognized, suggesting a lack of awareness or compliance with these regulations. Further research is needed to better understand young adults' perceptions and their interactions with regulatory policies.La consommation de produits psychoactifs par les jeunes adultes fait partie de leur exploration identitaire, facilitée par des contextes sociaux et structurels où ces substances sont légales et facilement accessibles. Si les motivations pour commencer et poursuivre la consommation de tabac et d'alcool sont bien documentées, ce n’est pas le cas pour les e-cigarettes. L'objectif principal de cette revue systématique était de décrire les raisons pour lesquelles les adultes âgés de 18 à 30 ans commençaient à utiliser et poursuivent l’usage d'e-cigarette. Une revue systématique de la littérature a été faite dans MEDLINE, Scopus, SocINDEX full text, PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Cochrane Library et dans la littérature grise incluant les études publiées en anglais ou en français jusqu'en juin 2024. 1 123 articles ont été sélectionnés sur leur titre leur résumé, et 37 articles publiés entre 2015 et 2024 ont finalementété inclus. L'attrait des arômes des e-liquides est l'un des facteurs extrinsèques les plus fréquemment signalés, à l'origine de l'initiation et de la poursuite de l'utilisation de l'e-cigarette. Les autres raisons varient entre facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques : le sevrage tabagique est une motivation intrinsèque couramment citée, souvent associée à d'autres facteurs. Les facteurs extrinsèques structurels tels que les politiques réglementaires semblent être moins reconnus, ce qui suggère un manque de sensibilisation ou de respect de ces réglementations. Des futures recherches sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre les perceptions des jeunes adultes et leurs interactions avec les mesures réglementaires
3D modelling of rock mass heterogeneities in unsaturated karst using geophysics, clustering and geostatistics
No full textInternational audienceConserving an underground heritage site in a karst environment poses significant challenges because of the complexity of the physical phenomena involved. The deterioration of cave walls is mainly caused by condensation and infiltration, which originates from the thermal behaviour of the cave and the surrounding rock mass. This phenomenon is difficult to describe because it depends on the heterogeneity and water content of the unsaturated rock mass. However, it is clear that the conservation of cave art is a matter of concern for all caves worldwide. The purpose of this study is to analyse the heterogeneities surrounding Lascaux Cave and identify those which are water-saturated (during the wet season) that could significantly influence the cave thermally. The rock mass was characterised using the non-destructive 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method. Before kriging the ERT data, Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) was performed on the dataset. This classification provides class boundaries for categorising the kriging-estimated resistivities. The results of this study significantly improve our understanding of rock mass from geological and hydrogeological perspectives. The creation of a 3D model helped to identify four areas of lower resistivity (water storage reservoirs), indicating the possible presence of water as the rock mass was partially saturated. Those water storage reservoirs coincide with the water flows recorded during wet periods inside the cave and are associated with known geological fractures. Moreover, identifying the different materials surrounding the cave and the saturated areas in the 3D model allows us to understand the deviations in the temperature measurements in different parts of the cave and will improve the accuracy of the heat transfer simulations
