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Dietary Patterns and Major Depression: Results from 15,262 Participants (International ALIMENTAL Study)
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Different patterns of food consumption may be associated with a differential risk of depression. Differences in dietary patterns between men and women and across different age groups have been reported, but their influence on the risk of depression has not been fully explored. Objectives: To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and risk of depression across sex and age groups to identify vulnerable subpopulations, which may inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Methods: The ALIMENTAL study was a cross-sectional, online international survey conducted between 2021 and 2023. Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire; depression data were collected using a self-reported validated questionnaire. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify distinct food consumption patterns. Multivariate analyses were then conducted to assess the associations between these patterns and depression, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Results: Among 15,262 participants without chronic diseases or current psychotropic treatments, 4923 (32.2%) were classified in the depression group. Among those aged 18-34, the PCA-derived factor of ultra-processed foods consumption was significantly associated with increased risk of depression in both sexes with similar odds ratios (women 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.15; 1.27), men 1.21, 95% CI: (1.07-1.18)). In women aged 18-34, the PCA factors for sodas (aOR 1.10, 95% CI: (1.06; 1.95) and canned and frozen foods (aOR 1.10, 95% CI: (1.04; 1.15) were associated with an increased risk of depression. In participants aged 35-54 years, the association between ultra-processed foods and depression was only observed in women (35-54 years: aOR 1.30, 95% CI: (1.20; 1.42), >= 55 years: 1.41, 95% CI: (1.11; 1.79)), with a significant association between a higher adherence to the PCA-derived "healthy diet" factor (e.g., fruits, nuts, green vegetables) and a lower risk of depression (35-54 years: aOR 0.82, 95% CI: (0.75; 0.89), >= 55 years: aOR 0.79, 95% CI: (0.64; 0.97)). Conclusions: These results show significant differences between men and women and between age groups regarding associations between dietary patterns and the risk of depression. These findings can help better target public health interventions
New Geant4-DNA physics model for electron track-structure simulations in gold nanoparticles
No full textInternational audienceObjective. To develop a new Geant4-DNA physics model for electron track-structure simulations in gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that overcomes important deficiencies of the current default model and is applicable over a broad energy range from 10 eV to 1 MeV. Approach. A model of the energy-loss-function of solid-Au with parameters optimized by optical data and self-consistency tests is presented and used to calculate inelastic cross sections using the relativistic plane wave Born approximation (RPWBA). Low-energy corrections for non-Born effects are included and a practical approximation to the Landau damping mechanism of plasmon decay is proposed that accounts for secondary electron production and facilitates its application to Monte Carlo (MC) track-structure simulations. Main results. Calculations of inelastic cross sections and stopping power (SP) values for the individual ionization and excitation channels of solid-Au are presented and compared against the current default model of Geant4-DNA (DNA_AU_2016), the Livermore and Penelope low-energy models of Geant4, and other published models. It is shown that the present model improves the current default model of Geant4-DNA by offering almost excellent agreement (∼2% on average) with NIST’s SP data (previously at ∼6%), while eliminating the unphysical low-energy overestimation (up to 1000% or more), thus, bringing much better agreement with more elaborate physics models for solid-Au. Significance. MC track-structure codes are considered the gold standard for dose enhancement calculations in AuNP-aided radiotherapy. In particular, the Geant4-DNA toolkit offers functionalities for simulating critical cellular radiobiological effects following AuNP irradiation. Yet the accuracy of such simulations is limited by the quality of the cross sections for the individual electron-AuNP interactions. It is envisioned that the present model will allow Geant4-DNA users to perform more accurate simulations of electron transport within AuNPs and better quantify the outgoing secondary electron spectrum which is responsible for the dose enhancement effect and subsequent radiobiological damage
Nouvelles pratiques du rêve : l’individu au cœur du sens
No full textThis dissertation explores the processes involved in putting dreams into practice. In other words, how certain individuals give meaning to their dreams and act in accordance with their representations. Dreaming is one of those phenomena that is difficult to study other than through the spoken word. This may explain the lack of work on the subject. The central question addressed here is: from its appearance to its practice, what are the processes that enable dreams to be given meaning? Between my dream practitioners and commercial representations, how is the practice of dreaming combined in French society today? Firstly, using a typology of dreaming, I focus on the dreaming practices of my interviewees, the use made of them and the influence of the environment on their development. I then use an analytical grid inspired by the anthropology of religious facts to shed light on individual practices in the light of neoliberal logics (autonomy, performance, self-narration, rationalisation). Finally, I conclude the dissertation by examining the social representations of dreams through the book market and online resources, as vectors of meaning and legitimisation. This dissertation has brought to light dream practices that are rarely explained outside the immediate circle. Embedded in individual logics specific to the neoliberal system in which my interlocutors evolve, the dream is a singular space.Le présent mémoire explore les processus de mise en pratique du rêve. Autrement dit, comment certains individus vont donner du sens à leurs rêve et agir en adéquation avec leurs représentations. Le rêve est de ces phénomènes difficile à étudier autrement que par la parole. Cela expliquerait peut-être le manque de travaux sur le sujet. La question centrale traitée ici est : de son apparition à sa pratique, quels sont les processus qui permettent de donner du sens au rêve ? Entre mes praticiens du rêve et les représentations commerciales, comment se conjugue la pratique du rêve dans la société française d'aujourd'hui ? Tout d'abord, à partir d'une typologie du rêve, je me concentre sur la pratique du rêve de mes interlocuteur, l'usage qui en est fait et l'influence de l'entourage sur son développement. Ensuite je mobilise une grille d'analyse inspirée de l'anthropologie des faits religieux pour éclairer les pratiques individuelles à l'aune des logiques néolibérales (autonomie, performance, narration de soi et rationalisation). Enfin, je clôture le mémoire en interrogeant les représentations sociales du rêve à travers le marché du livre et les ressources en ligne, en tant que vecteurs de sens et de légitimation. Ce mémoire a permis de mettre en lumière des pratiques de rêves qui ne sont que rarement explicité hors de l'entourage proche. Imbriqué dans des logiques individuelles propre au système néolibéral dans lequel évoluent mes interlocuteurs, le rêve est un espace singulier, conceptualisé et pratiqué par chacun
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Clinical Perspective on Gut Microbiota, Major Depressive Disorder, and Obesity
No full textInternational audienceMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are significant global health concerns with a strong bidirectional relationship. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in both MDD and obesity, characterized by alterations in microbial diversity and its metabolites. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown promise in alleviating depressive symptoms and improving metabolic health. Diet plays a crucial role in shaping gut microbiota, with omega-3 PUFAs emerging as a potential therapeutic target. By modulating gut microbiota, reducing inflammation, and influencing neurotransmitter systems, omega-3 PUFAs may offer a novel approach to treating MDD and obesity. This article will investigate the potential role of omega-3 PUFAs in the relationship between depression and obesity via modulating the gut microbiome and reducing inflammation. Further investigation is needed to establish the optimal dosage of supplementation for individuals with MDD and comorbid obesity. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2025;55(2):e34–e39.
Disorder-induced stress-flow misalignment in soft glassy materials revealed using multi-directional shear
No full textControlling the mechanical response of soft glassy materials-such as emulsions, foams, and colloidal suspensions-is key for many industrial processes. While their steady-state flow behavior is reasonably well understood, their response to complex flow histories, as encountered in operations like pumping or mixing, remains poorly known. Using a custom multi-axis shear apparatus that enables arbitrary changes in flow direction, we investigate how shear history influences the mechanical behavior of a model soft glassy system. We uncover a transient shear response orthogonal to the applied shear direction, together with an anisotropic yield surface. These effects point to an underlying anisotropic distribution of internal stresses imprinted by previous deformation. To rationalize this behavior, we use a mesoscopic elasto-plastic model, demonstrating that local mechanical disorder governs the emergence of macroscopic stress-flow misalignment. Our findings offer a new route to experimentally probe the distribution of local yield stresses in soft glassy materials.</div
La conjecture de Burnett en relativité générale
No full textInternational audienceWe present the literature on Burnett’s conjecture in general relativity, which relate weak limits of vacuum solutions to relativistic kinetic theory. A special care is put on relating these works with early Choquet-Bruhat’s results on high-frequency gravitational waves and geometric optics.Nous passons en revue la littérature sur la conjecture de Burnett en relativité générale, qui relie les limites faibles des solutions du vide à la théorie cinétique relativiste. Une attention particulière est portée sur le lien entre ces travaux et les premiers résultats de Choquet-Bruhat concernant les ondes gravitationnelles haute fréquence et l'optique géométrique
Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion ( HOPE ) During Total Vascular Exclusion With Veno‐Venous Bypass for Giant Hepatic Hemangioma Resection
No full textInternational audienceHypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) during total vascular exclusion with veno-venous bypass for major hepatic resection is a safe procedure and could help to reduce ischemia-reperfusion lesions and related complications
GRB 221009A: the B.O.A.T Burst that Shines in Gamma Rays
No full textInternational audienceWe present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded by 1 s the low-energy (< 10 MeV) pulse that triggered the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM), as has been observed in other GRBs. The prompt phase of GRB 221009A lasted a few hundred seconds. It was so bright that we identify a Bad Time Interval (BTI) of 64 seconds caused by the extremely high flux of hard X-rays and soft gamma rays, during which the event reconstruction efficiency was poor and the dead time fraction quite high. The late-time emission decayed as a power law, but the extrapolation of the late-time emission during the first 450 seconds suggests that the afterglow started during the prompt emission. We also found that high-energy events observed by the LAT are incompatible with synchrotron origin, and, during the prompt emission, are more likely related to an extra component identified as synchrotron self-Compton (SSC). A remarkable 400 GeV photon, detected by the LAT 33 ks after the GBM trigger and directionally consistent with the location of GRB 221009A, is hard to explain as a product of SSC or TeV electromagnetic cascades, and the process responsible for its origin is uncertain. Because of its proximity and energetic nature, GRB 221009A is an extremely rare event
Les mutations de la liberté d'expression dans l'Union européenne
No full textInternational audienceLe droit à la liberté d’expression fait partie de ces droits qui jouent un rôle particulier dans le bon fonctionnement des sociétés démocratiques occidentales. En permettant la libre expression des oppositions politiques, des médias, des lanceurs d’alerte mais aussi des simples citoyens, ce droit fondamental est consubstantiel à la notion de société démocratique telle qu’elle a été conçue par la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme et reprise au sein de l’Union européenne, notamment dans la proclamation à l’article 2 TUE des valeurs qui la fondent. Elle est pourtant longtemps restée étrangère à la Communauté européenne dont le centre de gravité essentiellement économique expliquait qu’elle ne soit appréhendée qu’au seul prisme des libertés de circulation au sein du marché intérieur.Le point de départ du présent ouvrage est que les temps ont bien changé et que l’Union européenne ne peut plus ignorer et de fait n’ignore plus la liberté d’expression et sa contribution à la vitalité de la société démocratique en Europe. Réunissant les contributions de juristes universitaires d’horizons divers, cet ouvrage s’emploie au travers d’approches transversales et d’approches plus thématiques à montrer la manière dont l’Union et son droit se sont saisis de la protection et de la réglementation de cette liberté