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Exporters’ behaviour in the face of climate volatility
No full textNational audienceThis paper investigates how exporters adjust trade margins to demand shocks and climate-induced production volatility. Combining French wine export data (113 PDOs, 49 destinations, 2001–2020) with high-resolution weather records, we estimate theory-consistent structural gravity models using instrumental variables that exploit exogenous variation in extreme temperatures. Production volatility significantly reduces export volumes, while demand shocks shape market allocation. A heterogeneity shows that exporters absorb production shocks by reallocating supply across markets, protecting volumes in core destinations while curtailing shipments to less profitable peripheral ones. A theoretical model of risk-averse heterogeneous firms rationalizes these findings through scale, redeployment, and selection effects driving export reallocation under climate risk
Structure factorielle et qualités psychométriques de la version en ligne française de la Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS-F)
No full textInternational audienceThe aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the French online version of the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS-F), a self-report 12-item questionnaire evaluating the propensity to engage in mental imagery in daily life. The script for running and scoring an online version of the SUIS-F is available upon request. Two samples of French participants completed the SUIS-F, two additional tests of mental imagery vividness (i.e., VVIQ, PSI-Q-F) and a vocabulary test (i.e., Lextale-FR). Test-retest reliability was evaluated after one month. Sample 1 (N = 545) was used to explore the factorial structure, revealing a two-factor six-item structure with a low to acceptable internal consistency and a satisfactory construct validity. This structure was confirmed in Sample 2 (N = 129). The SUIS-F scores were described according to age, gender and level of education for both samples. Recommendations are made to improve the use of the French version of the SUIS.L'objectif de cette étude était d'examiner la structure factorielle et les qualités psychométriques de la version française en ligne du Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS-F), un questionnaire auto-rapporté de 12 items qui évalue la propension à utiliser l'imagerie mentale dans la vie quotidienne. Le script pour une passation et une cotation informatisée de la SUIS-F est disponible sur demande. Deux échantillons de participants français ont complété le SUIS-F, deux tests supplémentaires mesurant la vivacité de l'imagerie mentale (i.e., VVIQ-F, PSIQ-F), et un test de vocabulaire (i.e., Lextale-FR). La fidélité test-retest a été évaluée à un mois d'intervalle. L'échantillon 1 (N = 545) a permis d’examiner la structure factorielle de façon exploratoire, et a indiqué une structure à deux facteurs incluant six items avec une consistance interne de faible à acceptable et une validité de construit satisfaisante. Cette structure a été confirmée auprès de l'échantillon 2 (N = 129). Les scores à la SUIS-F ont été décrits en fonction de l'âge, du genre et du niveau d'éducation pour les deux échantillons. Des recommandations sont formulées pour améliorer l’utilisation de la version française de la SUIS
Simple physics-based rip current and shore-break wave hazard predictors for beaches in southwest
No full textInternational audienceSandy beaches are attractive yet potentially dangerous environments due to physical hazards in the surf zone. The most severe natural hazards are rip currents and shore-break waves, which form under varying wave, tide, and morphological conditions. This study introduces two simple, physics-based models to forecast channel rip current flow speed V and shore-break wave energy Esb. These models were applied to La Lette Blanche, a high-energy meso-macro-tidal beach in southwest France, where both hazards coexist. Lifeguard-perceived hazard data collected hourly from July to August 2022 during patrol hours (11 AM–7 PM)were used to calibrate the models. This data also informed a 5-level hazard scale, from 0 (no hazard) to 4 (maximum hazard). The models accurately predict hazard levels, accounting for tidal and wave influences. Requiring only basic beach morphology metrics, this approach offers a promising tool for forecasting surf-zone hazards on beaches with minimal morphological data and available wave forecasts
Development and evaluation of a mental health recovery priority measure for cross-cultural research: global INSPIRE
No full textInternational audienc
PTQ10 ‐based organic photodetectors for visible light detection and their tolerance to impurities
No full textInternational audienceAbstract PTQ10 donor polymer has attracted a lot of interest in organic optoelectronics, particularly in the field of organic photovoltaics, owing to its ease of synthesis. We report here the fabrication and characterization of organic photodetectors (OPDs) integrating this state‐of‐the‐art polymer together with the non‐fullerene acceptor ITIC‐F for visible light detection. At an operating wavelength of 528 nm, low dark currents in the range of 3 × 10 −9 A cm −2 are achieved with thick active layers of about 600 nm integrated into OPDs of inverted structure ITO/ZnO/PEIE/active layer/MoOx/Ag. With this study we examine the tolerance of PTQ10‐based OPDs to synthesis‐related impurities of catalyst Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and its standalone ligand PPh 3 in order to determine the threshold at which they can become detrimental to devices. The results could guide chemists on the level of purification required for materials with the aim of light detection applications
Mas Aguilhon Saint-Marcel-d’Ardèche Retour sur la question gravettienne dans la vallée du Rhône
No full textInternational audienc
A cyclin-polarity feedback network ensures healthy cell proliferation
No full textHealthy proliferation requires the coordination of cell cycle progression with cell polarity. In budding yeast, polarity is established when G1-cyclin-Cdc28 Cdk1 triggers Cdc42 activation to generate a cell pole that is used as an axis for growth and division. While polarity defects delay the cell cycle temporally, permitting error correction, it is unknown if Cdc28 Cdk1 directly rectifies errant polarity.Here, we identify an adaptive response where G1-cyclin-Cdc28 Cdk1 participates in error correction via the augmentation of its kinase activity towards substrates that activate Cdc42. The response involves temporal and spatial cell cycle reconfiguration via extended G1 cyclin expression, nucleocytoplasmic rerouting and signaling. However, this strategy has a cost: if the defect is irreparable, high G1-cyclin levels enforce inexorable cell cycle commitment in the absence of a daughter cell, generating multinucleate cells. G1-cyclins therefore not only trigger G1 events, but also monitor their execution, employing feedback to coordinate polarity with cell cycle progression.</div
Trois essais sur les instruments de conservation de la biodiversité
No full textControversies surrounding land use change and biodiversity conservation reflect growing tensions between environmental and economic priorities. However, human development often proceeds at the expense of natural areas and biodiversity. Thus, land use change and habitat loss are among the main drivers of global biodiversity decline (IPBES, 2019). Here, we choose to address three instruments aimed at addressing biodiversity loss and promoting sustainability, namely Biodiversity Offsets (BOs) (economic instruments), conservation reserves or protected areas, and voluntary approaches. Other instruments include regulations (command-and-control approaches) and education and awareness measures (Darbi, 2020; Earl et al., 2010). The key contributions of these works are both practical through modeling approaches and theoretical through field exploration. Three case studies illustrate our approach, including two located in mangroves on the western coast of Madagascar, and one in Brussels, Belgium, derived from a development project that sparked controversy over the sharing of land use in recent years. We first focused on the definition of a model that aims to reconcile economic development and the necessary recovery time gap of biodiversity to propose an Offset Sustainable Price (OSP) per unit of developed land. The concept of Biodiversity Offsets was born around the 1970’s in the United States of America (USA) and became popular since the 2010’s. Much debated, it is perceived as the main solution to reconcile economic development and biodiversity conservation. We developed a multicriteria, dynamic, and spatially-explicit model aimed at reconciling economic and ecological objectives. The application to mangroves and aquaculture in Mahajamba bay, Madagascar, illustrates the analytical findings and, in particular, the undervaluation of current price of BOs. Secondly, through field exploration and a more institutional approach, we applied the Ostromian framework to identify the fairness of a delegated management of a mangrove ecosystem to local communities, located in the Menabe region, Madagascar. We examined the various dimensions of environmental justice to assess management practices and issue recommendations. Third, we produced a common framework combining the Capability Approach and the Viability Theory to produce a multicriteria - including aspects of well-being, and dynamic approach, consistent with a strong sustainability perspective and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. It sheds light on the collective aspect of sustainable land sharing decisions.Les controverses liées au changement d’usage des sols et à la conservation de la biodiversité reflètent les tensions croissantes entre priorités environnementales et économiques. Dans la pratique, le développement humain s’effectue souvent au détriment des milieuxnaturels, entraînant une érosion marquée de la biodiversité. Le changement d’usage des terres et la destruction des habitats figurent ainsi parmi les principales causes de perte de biodiversité à l’échelle mondiale (IPBES, 2019). Nous avons choisi d’aborder trois instruments visant à lutter contre la perte de biodiversité et à promouvoir la durabilité: la compensation écologique (instruments économiques), les aires protégées, et les approches volontaires. D’autres instruments incluent les réglementations (approches de type « command and control ») ainsi que les mesures d’éducation et de sensibilisation (Darbi, 2020; Earl et al., 2010). Les contributions de ces travaux sont à la fois théoriques, via la définition de modèles théoriques, et pratiques, à travers des explorations de terrain. Trois études de cas illustrent notre approche, dont deux situées dans des mangroves de la côte ouest de Madagascar, et une à Bruxelles, en Belgique, issue d’un projet d’aménagement ayant récemment suscité une controverse autour du partage de l’usage des sols. En premier lieu, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la définition d’un modèle visant à réconcilier développement économique et temps de récupération nécessaire à la biodiversité, afin de proposer un prix optimal de compensation de la biodiversité (OSP) par unité deterrain aménagé. Né autour des années 1970 aux Etats-Unis, le concept de compensation écologique est devenu populaire depuis les années 2010. Bien que controversé, il est perçu comme la principale solution pour concilier développement économique et conservationde la biodiversité. Nous avons développé un modèle multicritère, dynamique et spatialement explicite visant à concilier les objectifs économiques et écologiques. Son application au cas du développement de l’aquaculture dans les mangroves de la baie de Mahajambaà Madagascar illustre pointe notamment la faiblesse du prix actuel des compensations. Deuxièmement, à travers une exploration de terrain et une approche plus institutionnelle, nous avons appliqué le cadre ostromien pour évaluer l’équité d’une gestion déléguée d’unezone de mangroves aux communautés locales, situées dans la région du Menabe à Madagascar. Nous avons examiné les différentes dimensions de la justice environnementale pour évaluer les pratiques de gestion et formuler des recommandations. Troisièmement, nous avons élaboré un cadre d’analyse combinant l’analyse des Capabilités (CA) et la théorie de la Viabilité (VT) afin de produire une approche multicritère - incluant des aspects de bien-être, dynamique et cohérente avec une perspective de durabilité forte et cohérenteavec les Objectifs de Développement Durable des Nations Unies. Ce cadre met l’accent sur la dimension collective des décisions liées au partage durable de l’usage des sols
Using DIMet for Differential Analysis of Labeled Metabolomics Data: A Step-by-step Guide Showcasing the Glioblastoma Metabolism
No full textInternational audienceStable-isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) is a powerful approach for characterizing metabolic states in cells and organisms. By incorporating isotopes, such as 13C, into substrates, researchers can trace reaction rates across specific metabolic pathways. Integrating metabolomics data with gene expression profiles further enriches the analysis, as we demonstrated in our prior study on glioblastoma metabolic symbiosis. However, the bioinformatics tools for analyzing tracer metabolomics data have been limited. In this protocol, we encourage the researchers to use SIRM and transcriptomics data and to perform the downstream analysis using our software tool DIMet. Indeed, DIMet is the first comprehensive tool designed for the differential analysis of tracer metabolomics data, alongside its integration with transcriptomics data. DIMet facilitates the analysis of stable-isotope labeling and metabolic abundances, offering a streamlined approach to infer metabolic changes without requiring complex flux analysis. Its pathway-based "metabologram" visualizations effectively integrate metabolomics and transcriptomics data, offering a versatile platform capable of analyzing corrected tracer datasets across diverse systems, organisms, and isotopes. We provide detailed steps for sample preparation and data analysis using DIMet through its intuitive, web-based Galaxy interface. To showcase DIMet's capabilities, we analyzed LDHA/B knockout glioblastoma cell lines compared to controls. Accessible to all researchers through Galaxy, DIMet is free, user-friendly, and open source, making it a valuable resource for advancing metabolic research. Key features • Glioblastoma tumor spheroids in vitro replicate tumors' three-dimensional structure and natural nutrient, metabolite, and gas gradients, providing a more realistic model of tumor biology. • Joint analysis of tracer metabolomics and transcriptomics datasets provides deeper insights into the metabolic states of cells. • DIMet is a web-based tool for differential analysis and seamless integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics data, making it accessible and user-friendly. • DIMet enables researchers to infer metabolic changes, offering intuitive and visually appealing "metabologram" outputs, surpassing conventional visual representations commonly used in the field
Création d’une base de données de médicaments contre-indiqués en contexte d’insuffisance rénale
No full textThe creation of a database of pharmaceutical specialties contraindicated in cases of renal insufficiency is a first step in identifying medication misuse among patients with renal insufficiency at Bordeaux University Hospital. This document is a summary of work carried out within the IAM unit of Bordeaux University Hospital, aimed at creating such a database. We chose to use the ”Summary of product characteristics” (SmPC) of medications, analyzed through an algorithm to build this database. The evaluation of this algorithm was conducted by comparing it with a general medication database from the Thesorimed organization, as well as through a manual review of a sample of the data. The database produced will enable the identification of medication misuse in the context of renal failure at Bordeaux University Hospital.La création d’une base de données de spécialités pharmaceutiques contre-indiquées en cas d’insuffisance rénale est une première étape dans la recherche de mésusages médicamenteux chez les patients insuffisants rénaux au sein du CHU de bordeaux. Ce document est la synthèse d’un travail réalisé au sein de l’unité IAM du CHU de Bordeaux, ayant pour but la création d’une telle base de données. Nous avons choisi d’utiliser les ”Résumés caractéristique produit” des médicaments structurés et analysés au travers d’un algorithme pour constituer cette base de données. L’évaluation de cet algorithme s’est faite via une comparaison avec une base de données de médicaments généralistes de l’organisme Thesorimed ainsi que par une revue manuelle d’une partie des données. La base de données produite va permettre d’identifier des mésusages médicamenteux en contexte d’insuffisance rénale au CHU de bordeaux