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Early hominins from Morocco basal to the Homo sapiens lineage
No full textInternational audiencePalaeogenetic evidence suggests that the last common ancestor of present-day humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans lived around 765–550 thousand years ago (ka)1. However, both the geographical distribution and the morphology of these ancestral humans remain uncertain. The Homo antecessor fossils from the TD6 layer of Gran Dolina at Atapuerca, Spain, dated between 950 ka and 770 ka (ref. 2), have been proposed as potential candidates for this ancestral population3. However, all securely dated Homo sapiens fossils before 90 ka were found either in Africa or at the gateway to Asia, strongly suggesting an African rather than a Eurasian origin of our species. Here we describe new hominin fossils from the Grotte à Hominidés at Thomas Quarry I (ThI-GH) in Casablanca, Morocco, dated to around 773 ka. These fossils are similar in age to H. antecessor, yet are morphologically distinct, displaying a combination of primitive traits and of derived features reminiscent of later H. sapiens and Eurasian archaic hominins. The ThI-GH hominins provide insights into African populations predating the earliest H. sapiens individuals discovered at Jebel Irhoud in Morocco4 and provide strong evidence for an African lineage ancestral to our species. These fossils offer clues about the last common ancestor shared with Neanderthals and Denisovans
State-Own-Company, Transnational Corporations, and Implications on the RTD in South Africa: Transnet and Mckinsey Case Studies
No full textInternational audienceRecognised in the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development (1986) and article 22 of the African Charter, the right to development (RTD) encompasses a plurality of rights, including civil, political, and socioeconomic rights. South Africa ratified the African Charter in 1996 and is bound by the RTD, through Chap. 2 of its Constitution. The State’s involvement in one of the largest corruption scandals, State Capture, revealed its failure to uphold the RTD. Although the State violated this right, RTD, a transnational corporation (Mckinsey and Co) operating in South Africa, also violated the RTD.This chapter seeks to examine and deconstruct the phenomenon of State Capture, the involvement of McKinsey and Co, and its implication on the right to development (RTD) in South Africa. The firm was implicated in facilitating illegal enrichment for the benefit of individuals (notably the Guptas) while generating excessive profit by overcharging the South African state-owned freight rail and port operator, Transnet. By highlighting McKinsey’s central role in violating the RTD in South Africa, the chapter concludes with policy recommendations to prevent future abuses
Cairn : Trouver son chemin dans Menhir
No full textInternational audienceCet article présente Cairn, un outil permettant de représenter graphiquement les étapes de l'exécution d'un analyseur syntaxique généré par Menhir. Cet outil a été réalisé pour faciliter l'enseignement de l'analyse syntaxique. Contrairement à d'autres outils similaires, il s'inclut dans un projet OCaml utilisant Menhir et permet de visualiser l'exécution de l'analyseur et d'en utiliser le résultat dans le même programme
Criteria for Choosing Crop Protection Strategies: Comparative Perspectives from Farmers, Advisors, and Researchers
No full textInternational audienceAchieving ambitious pesticide reduction goals calls for collaboration and shared vision among multiple stakeholders. This study evaluates whether this is the case in three French pesticide-intensive production sectors: vine-growing, orchards and fruits & vegetables farming. To do so, it uses the Q-method to assess farmers' decision-making criteria when selecting crop protection strategies, taking stock of technical, economic, and organizational constraints, as well as health and environmental impacts. It also compares these criteria with the perspectives of researchers and advisors on farmers' priorities. After combining a factor analysis with a fractional multilogit model accounting for factor loadings, the findings reveal four distinct profiles across the sample: a competitiveness-oriented approach; a focus on reducing health and environmental impacts; a risk management perspective; and an integrated vision combining multiple priorities. Being a farmer, advisor, or researcher significantly influences the likelihood of belonging to one profile or another. However, close interactions between farmers, researchers, and advisors help bridge differences in priorities, fostering more closely aligned perspectives on crop protection strategies. These results point to key indicators that researchers and advisors could leverage to better inform farmers about alternative crop protection methods, ultimately supporting more sustainable agricultural practices
An Improved Bound for Equitable Proper Labellings
No full textInternational audienceFor every graph with size and no connected component isomorphic to , we prove that, for , we can assign labels of to the edges of in an injective way so that no two adjacent vertices of are incident to the same sum of labels. This implies that every such graph with size can be labelled in an equitable and proper way with labels from , which improves on a result proved by Haslegrave, and Szabo Lyngsie and Zhong, implying this can be achieved with labels from
Identifying and understanding obstacles to heating sobriety and thermal comfort in collective housing: Insights from a survey in France
No full textInternational audienceIn many countries, central heating systems are widely used in multifamily housing allowing maintenance and costs to be shared. However, these systems often limit residents’ control over their own consumption, complicating efforts to reduce energy use and maintain comfort. Despite the growing importance of household energy savings in national and European climate targets, little research has examined user experiences with these systems. This study addresses that gap through an exploratory survey conducted in France.Grounded in scientific literature, technical analyses, and current policy frameworks, the survey was distributed through various channels—including public institutions, online platforms, and field outreach—and collected 403 responses. It examined user difficulties in managing heating, including challenges with controls, bill comprehension, and communication with landlords. It also explored behaviours with high energy-savings impact: reducing heating at night or during absences, window opening, and shutter use.Findings show that many residents face barriers to energy-efficient heating, often due to difficult-to-use controls, limited feedback on consumption, and poor support from landlords or property managers. Those who do not reduce heating at night or when away frequently report these challenges. Participants expressed strong interest in solutions such as personalized advice, real-time feedback, and connected radiator valves to improve comfort, control, and energy management.This work highlights the need to better integrate user experience into multifamily housing energy policies. It provides actionable insights for policymakers and housing providers seeking to enhance comfort and energy savings while supporting France and Europe’s broader energy transition goals
Bright Circularly Polarized Electrochemiluminescence from Heterobinuclear Ir III –Au I Enantiomers
No full textInternational audienceThe development of efficient circularly polarized electrochemiluminescence (CP‐ECL) probes is still at its infancy and examples are still very limited. Yet, their achievement would enable gathering a readout that carries privileged information on the probe's chiral environment by monitoring luminescence polarization bias with high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Notwithstanding, this is a highly challenging task and requires judicious chemical engineering of chiral ECL‐active emitters. Herein, we aim at expanding the palette of CP‐ECL luminophores by presenting a novel class of enantiopure heterobinuclear Ir(III)–Au(I) complexes, which are investigated thoroughly by means of chemical, structural, and (chiro‐)optical techniques. The ground and excited state properties are also elucidated by using density functional theory (DFT) approaches including spin‐orbital coupling (SOC) perturbation. The chiral‐at‐metal complexes display luminescence with a polarization bias of the emitted light that is function of the helical arrangement of the coordination sphere around the Ir(III) center. Overall, the photo‐ and electro‐active complexes unraveled in this work combine unparallelly high photoluminescence quantum yield in the orange region, excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) brightness up to 4.5 M −1 cm −1 with a notable ECL activity. Finally, these features provide emitters with CP‐ECL efficiency that encompass remarkably by a factor 3.5 that of the well‐known benchmark tris ‐(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)
Toxicity by contact of Bordeaux mixture but no behavioral responses of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cordubensis
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing use of pesticides is recognized as a threat to pest natural enemies. We investigated the effects of Bordeaux mixture, a fungicide widely used in viticulture, on Trichogramma cordubensis, a biological control agent used against the major vineyard pest Lobesia botrana. The lethal and sublethal effects of 20 g.L -1 Bordeaux mixture on T. cordubensis were studied. To assess the potential persistence of Bordeaux mixture, each experiment was conducted at four different time scales after pesticide application. A first experiment aimed to assess the effects of surface contaminations to Bordeaux mixture on the longevity of T. cordubensis, which was reduced by 26 % when exposed to the fungicide. A second experiment aimed to assess the oviposition dynamics of T. cordubensis during the three first days after its emergence in contaminated or unexposed environments. No differences in oviposition were observed when T. cordubensis was exposed to Bordeaux mixture. A third experiment aimed to assess the oviposition choices of T. cordubensis between hosts on either contaminated or unexposed surfaces. No evidence of an oviposition deterrence was detected. Overall, surface contact with Bordeaux mixture was found harmless on T. cordubensis life parameters. Time after fungicide applications did not differently impact our results on longevity and behavior. However, time after both control and pesticide applications may have led to altered micro-environmental conditions affecting T. cordubensis' development. This study suggests that T. cordubensis inability to discriminate against a copper contaminated environment is a crucial factor in enhancing its effectiveness as a biological control agent
Conditions de mise en œuvre de la tomodensitométrie pour l’ étude d’ un couteau médiéval découvert en contexte préventif (diagnostic « Cœur de Ville » à Buzançais, Indre)
No full textInternational audienc
CoPubli: a minimal software pipeline to extract, browse and geolocalise HAL coauthors
No full textThis publication describes CoPubli, a software created to retrieve Inria publications involving foreign co-authors, in order to help develop international cooperation between research teams and authors from institutions around the world. The software uses the XML-TEI rendering of the HAL open archive API and analyses, with Python Jupyter Notebook, the contents to determine the city of each stated institution. A Dashboard offers different views of the results, such as a map, a keyword cloud, four year evolution of copublications. The views can be refined combining different filters (Research team, foreign institution, city, country, etc.)