Asiatic: IIUM Journal of English Language and Literature
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Rabindranath Tagore and World Peace
Get PDFThroughout his life Rabindranath Tagore strongly believed that until the big and powerful nations, aided by their superiority and vast technological advancement, ceased their desire for territorial expansion and control over the smaller nations, world peace could never be achieved. Thus war was the consequence of the necessary logic of aggressive western materialism that developed in the early part of the 20th century, with science divorced from spirituality, by which some of those nations dragged the greater part of the world into the pit of destruction. According to the poet, peace could be achieved only when diverse races and nations were free to evolve into their distinct characteristics, whilst all would be attached to the stem of humanity through the bondage of love. He ardently believed that world peace could be achieved only if both the East and the West met on a common ground and on terms of equal fellowship:“where knowledge flows in two streams – from the East and from the West†and “in their unity is perceived the oneness of Truth that pervades and sustains the entire Universe.â
Multiple Centres: Thinking About Translation Relations Between the First and Third Worlds
Get PDFIn his landmark essay, “Translation and Cultural Hegemony,†Richard Jacquemond has asserted that “the global translation flux is predominantly North-North, while South-South translation is almost non-existent and North-South translation is unequal: cultural hegemony confirms, to a great extent, economic hegemony†(“Translation and Cultural Hegemony†139). Jacquemond’s conclusions in his essay have been simplified by Douglas Robinson in his Translation and Empire (31-32) as follows:A dominated culture will invariably translate far more of the hegemonic culture than the latter will of the former.When the hegemonic culture does translate works produced by the dominated culture, those works will be perceived and presented as difficult, mysterious, inscrutable, esoteric and in need of a small cadre of intellectuals to interpret them, while a dominated culture will translate a hegemonic culture’s works accessibly for the masses.A hegemonic culture will only translate those works by authors in a dominated culture that fit the former’s preconceived notions of the latter.Authors in a dominated culture who dream of reaching a large audience will tend to write for translation into a hegemonic language, and this will require some degree of compliance with stereotypes.The paper will use the figures provided in the UNESCO Index Translationum for translation in and from South and Southeast Asia to test these various hypotheses