IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
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Dental Treatment Need Among First-Visit Patients Of Dental Outpatient Clinic At IIUM Kuantan For The Year 2016
Get PDFIntroduction: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine association of age and gender with dental treatment need among first-visit patients at Dental Outpatient Clinic, IIUM Kuantan in 2016. Materials and Methods: Ethical approval (IREC 762) was obtained from IIUM Human Ethics Committee. List of first-visit patients who attended clinic from 1st January to 31st December 2016 was retrieved to assess patient's age and gender. Dental treatment need was determined according to the normative need which was professionally defined by dental-officer-in-charge. All first-visit patients were included, except those attended Orthodontic department or with old Malaysian identification card or foreign passport. Included patients were classified into six age groups (≤14, 15-19, 20-34, 35-44, 45-64 and ≥ 65). Pearson's chi square test was used for statistical analysis using SPSS Version 20 software. Results: From a total number of 2,713 patients (age range of 2 to 87), 1,210 (44.6%) were males and 1,503 (55.4%) were females. Age (p<0.001) and gender (p<0.001) were significantly associated with dental treatment need. Paediatric patients (≤14) majorly received paedodontic care (97.5%). Young-age patients (15-19, 20-34 and 35-44) mostly required conservative care (39.5%, 31.2% & 30.6%, respectively) while elder-age patients (45-64 and ≥ 65) have major need for prosthodontics (30.0% & 40.2%, respectively). Females outnumbered males in all age groups, except for the age group of ≥ 65 whereby the situation was the opposite. Females also outnumbered males in all types of treatment need, except for periodontics which was predominated by males. Conclusion(s): Age and gender have significant associations with treatment need for dental care
Oral Health Literacy Of First Year University Students
Get PDFIntroduction: Oral health literacy (OHL) can be different between science stream and non-science stream students as the exposure to knowledge of science is low among non-science stream. This situation can lead to unhealthy oral health behaviour and later increase the oral health problem among the non-science stream group. Thus, the study conducted aimed to compare the oral health literacy among science stream and non-science stream students and other factors associated, among first year students of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted among 256 students from various faculties of USIM consisted of both science and non-science stream group. A validated Malay version, self-administered questionnaire of Oral Health Literacy Instrument (OHLI) was used to assess their OHL. Data gathered was later analysed using IBM SPSS version 21.0. Multiple logistics regression was used to determine the associated risk factors of OHL. Results: Study indicated that science stream students compared to non-science stream students have higher oral health literacy (OR= 6.98; 95% CI= 3.64, 13.39; p< 0.001). Besides, students whom their mother's education level are high have higher OHL compared to their counterparts (OR= 2.31; 95%CI= 1.24, 4.28; p= 0.008). Conclusion(s): An exposure to indepth knowledge of science has an effect on OHL. Science stream students have high oral health literacy compared to non-science group. This finding give some ideas on suitable methods of oral health promotion that can be implemented among science and non-science stream background of students especially in school
Oral Health Problem Among Pregnant Mothers: Age And Attitude Do Matter
Get PDFIntroduction: Oral health care during pregnancy is greatly important as it is crucial to the health and well-being to both pregnant mother and baby. Studies showed that mothers with oral health problem have greater risk of prematurity and low birth weight babies. This study aimed to measure the associated factors of oral health problem among pregnant mothers. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among purposely selected 296 pregnant mothers aged 18- 45 years from the biggest district in Pahang State, Malaysia. This 18 months study used validated self-administered questionnaire which was asking on socio-demographic characteristics, and knowledge, attitude and practice on oral health. Oral health status was assessed by dentists using Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (DFMT index). Descriptive analysis used to describe respondents background and multinomial logistic regression used to examine the associations. Results: Majority of the respondents (89.9%) were among young mothers (35 years), Malay (91.9%), mean gestation of two, and from low socioeconomic status (59.5%). Of the 296 respondents, 111 (48.1%) had low experience with dental caries, 57 (24.7%) had moderate experience, and 63 (24.3%) had high experience with dental caries. Older age had higher risk to experience dental caries and those who had good attitude were protected, p=0.018 and p=0.023 respectively. Conclusion(s): Age and attitude were significant factors associated to oral health problem among pregnant mothers. Thus, health promotion and good attitude should be instilled from younger age
Relationship Between Sociodemographic Backgrounds And Mothers' Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Their Preschool Children
Get PDFIntroduction: Mothers play important roles in their children's oral health. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between mothers’ sociodemographic backgrounds and their oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of their preschool children. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 149 mothers of 4 to 6-year-old preschool children from selected kindergartens. Stratified cluster sampling was done to select kindergartens from urban and suburban areas in Kuantan, Pahang. Knowledge and attitude of mothers were assessed using selfadministered questionnaires and children's oral health practice was recorded using three days tooth brushing diary. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Mothers had high oral health knowledge (Mean score 73.6%, SD 1.3%) and attitude (Mean score 73.2%, SD 2.4%) scores. Significant relationships were reported between mothers' oral health knowledge and age (p=0.037), educational status (p0.05). Conclusion(s): Lack of further education, low household income and living further away from the city contributed to low oral health knowledge and poor oral health attitude among mothers, towards their preschool children. Younger mothers had lower oral health knowledge, whereas older mothers had poorer oral health attitude
Root Canal Configuration Of Permanent Mandibular First Molars Using Radiographic Tube Shift Technique On Dentistry Student Of University Of Sumatera Utara
Get PDFIntroduction: Permanent mandibular first molars are the most commonly experienced treatment failure. Knowledge of root canal configuration needs to be known to establish the right diagnostics and successful root canal treatment. The aim of this study is to find out the root canal configuration of permanent mandibular first molar based on Vertucci classification using tube shift radiography technique among dental student of University of Sumatera Utara. Materials and Methods: This is an experimental with cross sectional approach. 36 students were selected by purposive sampling and data were collected from questionnaire and x-ray radiograph. Results: The result showed that 97.2% of permanent mandibular first molar have two roots and 2.8% have three roots. Variation of root canal configuration according to Vertucci on mesial root right region, type I 8.3%, type II 27.8%, type III 11.1%, type IV 50%, type II classification Gulabivala 2.8%, on left region type I 5.6%, type II 44.4%, type III 2.8%, type IV 44.4%, type II classification Gulabivala 2.8%. On distal root of first molar right region, type I 86.1%, type II 2.8%, type III 8.3%, type V 2.8%, on left region, type I 100%. Conclusion(s): Root canal configuration of mandibular first molar based on Vertucci classification at mesial roots of the right region, type I, II, III, IV, and type II classification Gulabivala , on left region we found type I, II, III, IV, and type II classification Gulabivala . On distal root of the right region, type I, II, III, and type V, on left region only type I
Study On Flaxseed Crude Extract On Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED)
Get PDFIntroduction: Flaxseeds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer. However its effect on mesenchymal stem cells has not been elucidated. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of flaxseed crude extract on stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in terms of cell viability, morphology and proliferation activity. Materials and Methods: Whole flaxseeds were ground and extracted with absolute ethanol using soxhlet extractor. The effects of flaxseed on SHED were assessed for cell viability using MTT assay, cell morphology using inverted microscope and proliferative activity describe as population doubling time (PDT) using alamar Blue assay. Fatty acid composition of flaxseed was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) instrumental technique. Results: The effects of flaxseed on SHED were observed to be dose-dependent, where higher concentration of the extract resulted in lower cell viability. The concentration of the flaxseed required to inhibit 50% of cell viability (IC50) was 10.56±0.22 mg/ml. Morphological observation demonstrated that flaxseed altered the cell morphology at concentration above 8 mg/ml. Based on alamarBlue assay, SHED treated with flaxseed at concentration 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 10.56 mg/ml showed no significant difference of PDT when compared to control (p>.05). GCMS analysis revealed the presence of linolenic acid as major compound, linoleic acid and palmitic acid and oleic acid. Conclusion(s): Crude extract of flaxseed at concentration below 8 mg/ml may be applied in the future study of SHED. The linolenic acid in flaxseed may have been responsible for the cell viability and proliferation activity of SHED
Surgical Orthodontics: A Case Report
Get PDFIntroduction: Duration of treatment is one of the things orthodontic patients complaint about most and challenging orthodontist to shorten treatment time. A new surgical technique was introduced to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment through combining surgical and orthodontic treatment by doing surgical reduction of the bone mass in the path of desired tooth movement prior to start orthodontic alignment of the teeth. This case report showed treatment of 21 years old male patient complaint of teeth malalignment and he requested to finish treatment in short time. Upper right first premolar and lower left second premolar were extracted, all the bones in the desired path of tooth movement was removed and the dentoalveolar distraction procedure was performed using Nickel Titanium closing coil spring and power chain. Complete teeth alignment was achieved in two months period and the anchorage teeth were able to withstand the retraction forces with minimal anchorage loss
Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome
Get PDFIntroduction: Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a phenomenon where there is elevated renal clearance and defined by creatinine clearance more than 130ml/min. ARC results in changes of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of antimicrobial therapy being administered, which may result in its subtherapeutic dose. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of ARC in critically ill patients with sepsis. Materials and method: This is an interim analysis of single centre, prospective observational study of critically ill patients. Inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years old with sepsis with plasma creatinine less than 130 µmol/l. Urinary creatinine and flow rate were measured and creatinine clearance (CrCl) calculated.ARC is defined as CrCl of more 130 ml/min. Ultrasonic cardiac output montoring (USCOM) was used to measure cardiac index. Results: Nineteen patients were analysed so far, of which 11 (57.9%) had ARC. There were no differences age, gender, or category of patients between patients with and without ARC. Baseline APACHE II and SOFA score were similar in the two groups (p=0.47 and 0.06, respectively).There was no difference in the hospital mortality (p=0.86). However, duration of ICU admission amongst survivors was longer in patients with ARC (10 (5-12) vs 4 (3-5) days, p=0.04). Of the 11 with ARC, 7 persisted to day 2. Measured creatinine clearance correlated well with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=0.68, p<0.0001), however it did not correlate with cardiac index (r=0.40, p=0.14). Conclusion: ARC occurs in almost half of critically ill patients with sepsis, and is associated with longer duration of ICU stay. However, there was no difference in the outcome in this small study. Future larger study may be important to investigate this
Expression and Purification of Soluble Recombinant Gsttagged Bpsl2774 Protein from Burkholderia Pseudomallei K96243
Get PDFIntroduction: Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Cases have been reported in Pahang, Johor Bahru and Kedah. The disease is difficult to combat as B. pseudomallei has shown resistance to various antibiotics and much is still not understood about its pathogenicity. It is suggested that investigating the bacterium hypothetical proteins may provide potential new targets for the development of antimicrobials. The gene of interest in this study, BPSL2774, encoding BPSL2774 hypothetical protein, is a target gene that was predicted as essential using transposon-directed insertion site sequencing technique (TraDIS). We aimed to express and purify soluble GST-tagged BPSL2774 protein at sufficient concentration for future functional assays. Materials and method: The BPSL2774 gene has previously been amplified from genomic DNA of B. pseudomallei K96243 and cloned into pDEST15 (GST-tag) plasmid vector. In this work, the clone was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) expression strain cells for up-scaled protein preparations in 0.5 L and 1 L cultures. The auto-induction method was adopted for protein expression. GST-tag affinity chromatography was performed for protein purification and the fractions obtained were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Results: The target protein was successfully expressed in soluble form and its highest concentration from a 0.8 mL elution fraction was at 1.38 mg/mL. Mass spectrometry analysis of 60 kDa coomassie-stained gel band cut confirmed the presence of the soluble expressed target protein, co-purified with E. coli chaperonin proteins, possibly due to their interaction with the target protein. Higher purity can be achieved through further purification steps following initial GST-tag affinity chromatography. Conclusion: The purified protein was at an acceptable purity and at sufficient concentration for use as samples in a glycosyltransferase bioluminescence assay in the near future
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Gaba) Encephalitis: Case Report
Get PDFA Severe encephalitis with an uncontrolled seizure may produce impairment in a variety of cognitive functions. The appropriate treatment for cognitive impairment postencephalitisis are currently unknown. We are reporting a case of depression and cognitive impairment post- encephalitis with an uncontrolled seizure. Our case presented with global cognitive impairment and severe depression. The patient showed improvement following pharmacological treatments coupled with cognitive stimulation, and family education. The combination of multimodal treatments are needed following encephalitis. Intensive cognitive training may serve as a potential harbor for treatment of cognitive impairment post-encephalitis