IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
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Prevalence of Eosinophilic/Non Eosinophillic Nasal Polyps and Analysis of Their Presentation in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia
Get PDFIntroduction: This study is aimed to examine the predominant inflammatory cells in nasal polyps (NP) in the local community and its correlation to the clinical presentations. Materials and Methods: The study was done retrospectively looking at patients who had undergone functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia with a histopathological diagnosis of nasal polyposis (NP), between the years 2004 to 2008. Sixty-two patients between the ages of 18 years to 60 years old were selected and data relevant to the study were collected from the patient’s folders using a specially created form prepared for the study. The NP histopathology report from each patient underwent FESS were analysed and the patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic dominant group. Clinical presentations from each patient were also gathered and analysed according to the NP group. Results: In HUSM, there were a higher number of eosinophilic types NP as compared to the neutrophilic type NP which is contrary to other study conducted on Asian populations. The clinical symptom correlations between either eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic type of NP have not shown any significant associations. Conclusion: The study showed that the incidence of histological subtypes of nasal polyp in HUSM is almost the same as that found in other parts of the world (Europe and North America) which will reduce the possibility of racial or geographical influence on the pathogenesis of the nasal polyp. Clinical symptoms and presentation alone are not enough to differentiate the type of the nasal polyp without the histological study
Chemotherapy Related Optic Neuritis
Get PDFIn children, most cases of optic neuritis are immune-related. Less frequently, it may also be due to demyelinating disorders. Other secondary causes such as infection of adjacent structures or infiltration are even rarer. The occurrence of optic neuritis in children on chemotherapy also has not being extensively reported. We report a case of bilateral optic neuritis in a young girl with subacute visual loss after receiving systemic chemotherapy for embryonal ovarian carcinoma
Study of Hepatitis C Virus Infection at a Tertiary Hospital: Genotyping, Risk Factors and Comorbidities
Get PDFIntroduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is very important for the clinical management of HCVinfected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of HCV-infected patients and to identify their risk factors and comorbidities. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, cross sectional study in which forty (40) HCV-infected patients attending Gastroenterology Clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA) Kuantan Pahang were recruited for the study, from January to July 2014. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5’UTR and NS5B region were performed to identify the viral genotypes. Results: Of the 40 samples, 31 (77.5%) isolates were successfully classified into their genotypes and subtypes; 3a (57.5%), 1a (12.5%), 3b (2.5%) and 1b (2.5%). No genotype 2, 4, 5 and 6 were found in this study. However, there was one mixed-genotype (3a/1a) HCV infection. Risk factors and co-morbidities found in this study include IVDUs, haemodialysis, blood transfusion, surgery and co-infection with HIV. Conclusion: Genotype 3 followed by genotype 1 were the common HCV genotypes found in this study population. Furthermore, the highest risk factors and co-morbidities were IVDUs and co-infection with HIV
Case Report: Dilemma To Save Or Not To Save A Tooth
Get PDFIntroduction: Dentigerous cyst is the most common odontogenic cysts that are associated with the crowns of permanent teeth. Treatment modalities normally include enucleation or marsupialization of the cyst. However, currently there are no standard assessment criteria to dictate which kind of treatment for certain cases. The purpose of this report is to describe the successful outcome of conservative surgical management of a large dentigerous cyst associated with an unerupted right maxillary permanent canine in an 8-year-old boy. The cyst was enucleated partially but leaving the cystic lining surrounding the unerupted canine in order to preserve the tooth. 3-year follow up revealed good healing with significant root formation and tooth eruption
Effects Of Impacted Lower Third Molar Removal On Alveolar Bone Height And Periodontal Parameters Of Adjacent Second Molar
Get PDFIntroduction: The effect of surgical removal of impacted third molars on the periodontal parameters of adjacent second molar revealed inconsistent results. Some authors suggested improvement of periodontal parameters distal to second molar, whilst others demonstrated loss of attachment and reduction of alveolar bone height. This study was conducted to evaluate the alveolar bone height (ABH) and periodontal status of second molar after the surgery. Materials and Methods: Out of 42 subjects selected, 33 subjects completed the study. Only subject who had mesio-angular or horizontal impaction of third molar with available previous records of digital orthopantomogram (OPG) were recruited into the study. ABH of adjacent second molar on the previous OPG were compared with the current OPG using technique described by Krausz et al., (2005). Other paramaters such as probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), recession (REC) were also recorded. Results: There was significant reduction (p<0.001) in mean ABH at distal of second molar between pre-surgery (4.30±1.09mm) and post-surgery (2.80±2.05mm). No significant different was found in ABH between 47 and 37 at baseline; (4.09±1.09mm vs 4.30±2.55mm) and post-surgery (3.00±2.20mm vs 2.70±2.35mm) where p<0.423. Distal sites of second molars consistently showed significantly higher mean PPD (3.76±1.32mm) when compared with mesial, mid buccal and mid lingual sites (p<0.001). Higher frequency of BOP (90.9%) were also recorded for distal sites. Conclusion(s): Within the limitation of this study, surgical removal of impacted third molars demonstrated significant reduction in ABH of second molar post surgically. Significantly deeper PPD were also recorded at distal sites as compared to other sites. 
The Antimicrobial Effect Of Virgin Coconut Oil On Oral Pathogen
Get PDFIntroduction: As time progressed, our diet changed to include the types of foods that will promote decay and so dental caries became a widespread and serious concern. Dental caries had been reported adding to the significantly high number of oral health problem worldwide, causing a burden to health care system. Despite the existing of prevention courses, the numbers did not appear to decrease. Originated from natural resources, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been proposed as an alternative treatment as it has been reported to demonstrate antimicrobial activity on various bacteria. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate whether VCO has antimicrobial effects on certain, selected cariogenic bacteria. Materials and Methods: Crude extract of VCO was prepared by using a natural method of fermentation. The composition of VCO were screened using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS). The antimicrobial activities of VCO were evaluated against three selected oral pathogens; Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Candida albicans using disc diffusion method. The inhibitory activities of VCO were determined by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone. The antimicrobial activities were further tested using broth micro-dilution technique to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The inhibition zone was observed on Candida albicans plate, however no inhibitions were observed on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei plates. The MIC and MBC results were inconsistent in 3 duplication that have been done for all the bacteria. Conclusion(s): VCO demonstrated potential antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans but not on Streptococcus mutans and Lactbacillus casei
The Root Length Of Mandibular Second Molar By Using Periapical Radiography On Batak Ethnics Aged 18-22 Years In Faculty Of Dentistry University Of Sumatera Utara
Get PDFIntroduction: Mandibular second molar teeth often undergoes dental problem. The root length of mandibular second molar should be known to assist in determining treatment of endodontic plan. However the length of root of each individual varies, therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the average of the root length of mandibular second molar on Batak ethnics by using periapical radiography. Periapical radiography is the most accurate method to evaluate the root length of mandibular second molar. Materials and Methods: The method of this research was descriptive with cross sectional approach. The number of samples were 50 students selected by purposive sampling and the data were collected by questionnaire and x-ray photographs. The research was conducted in Radiology Dental of Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Sumatera Utara, on March and April 2016. Results: The root length of mandibular second molar on Batak ethnic student in Faculty of Dentistry University of Sumatera Utara was 9-18 mm. Conclusion(s): It can be concluded that average of the root length of mandibular second molar for the mesial is 13.9 mm and at distal root is 12.4 mm
Tornwaldt Cyst: A Case Report Of Unusual Dental Symptoms
Get PDFIntroduction: Tornwaldt's (Thornwaldt's) or nasopharyngeal cyst is an uncommon developmental benign cyst located in the midline postero-superior wall of nasopharynx. Incidence reported in general population is 0.06%. It occurred in the potential space due to outpouching of ectoderm into the pharyngobasilar fascia at the site where notochord attached to pharyngeal ectoderm. The cyst developed when the epithelial lining of the pouch secrets mucous following recurrent infection or trauma of the nasopharynx. Although majority of the cases are asymptomatic, patients may present with clinically-significant nasal, ear or cervical symptoms. Thus, most of Tornwaldt cyst cases were reported under otorhinolaryngology (ORL)-associated journals. However, patient presented with dental symptoms has never been reported before. This case is the first one as such to be reported
‘Pinky' Tooth: A Rare Faces Of Delayed Tooth Eruption
Get PDFIntroduction: Delayed tooth eruption (DTE) is the emergence of a tooth into oral cavity that deviates from norms established for different races, ethnics and sexes, which commonly caused either by local or systemic conditions. A case of 10 year-old, Malay girl with unknown underlying medical illness, presented with delayed eruption of maxillary permanent right central incisor. The case history revealed frequent dental abscess around age of 5, followed by dental extraction under local anaesthesia. The clinical examination showed the presence of unerupted tooth 11, elongated but encapsulated with gingiva mimicking a ‘pinky’ tooth. A minimal gingivectomy was carried out to remove the mucosal barrier under topical anaesthesia and tooth 11 erupted completely 2 weeks later without the need for further treatment. This distinct aesthetic problem that affected the child’s self-confidence, can be overcome if was referred earlier. Surgical intervention has produced fast and good outcome for this kind of DTE