IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
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Solitary Infratentorial Tuberculoma Mimicking Tumour in a Paediatric Patient: A case report
Get PDFCentral nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which account for about 5% of cases. It is the most hazardous type of systemic Tuberculosis (TB) due to its high mortality rate and possible of causing serious neurological complication. In the CNS Tuberculosis, meningitis and tuberculoma are the common radiological findings, whilst rarely an abscess. Tuberculoma is a granulomatous inflammatory process that may imitate a neoplasm, both clinically and radiologically. We herein report the case of a 2-year old girl who presented with unusual clinical and imaging studies of tuberculoma, mimicking an intracranial tumour. This case highlights the challenges in making the diagnosis, until a proper treatment is made
‘Whatsapp’ Call For Help In Medical Emergencies? A Case Report
Get PDFThe ubiquity of smartphones means that it has become a major mode of communication to all including the healthcare workers. Messaging applications such as WhatsApp, Instagram, WeChat, Line and others have become the new platforms for communications in the medical field between health care workers for rapid relay of information and aid in diagnosis and management of patients. This case report describes the rare complications of local anaesthetics systemic toxicity (LAST) during regional anaesthesia. Immediate calling for help was done through Whatsapp messaging application to the group of anaesthetists and anaesthesiology medical officers as there was a poor network available for a telephone call to be made. Prompt response came from other medical colleagues within few seconds after the message was conveyed. Adequate helping hands were available immediately, thus, morbidity and mortality from the life-threatening complication was successfully avoided. Messaging applications may be one of the efficient mode of technology in the medical emergencies with the increasingly advanced smartphones in computing abilities and connectivity. In the future, developing technological advances specifically designed for communicating medical emergencies can be a good alternative in ensuring more effective and rapid communication
Fundamentals of the Islamic Medical Philosophy
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to advocate for a holistic medical philosophy that is capable of accommodating various models of medical explanations. Such a comprehensive and integrated approach of medical philosophy should be capable of addressing, the ethical, epistemological and metaphysical aspects of medical research and practice. The basic presupposition of the paper is that the Islamic principles on health promotion can play an important role in developing such a holistic medical philosophy. Adopting the analytic method, the paper investigates the three major frameworks of explanation that dominated the history of medical philosophy: (a) the humoral model that is based on balance of the humors; (b) the biocentric model which is based on causal explanation and defines disease in descriptive biological terms; and (c) the postmodern or meta-biocentric model that concerned mainly with the medical philosophy and aims at promoting the holistic approach. This paper, also, investigates the three basic forms of medical explanations which are determined by the above domains, i.e. the descriptive, the normative, and the integrated models. The paper traces the impact of explanation methods on good medical practices and explores the Islamic medical philosophy and its potential role in promoting the holistic approach. Along the way, the paper discusses the ideal relationship between physician and patient according to the Islamic perspective
Islamicisation of Medicine in the 13th Century: A Case of Ibn Abī Uṣaibia‘s History of Physicians
Get PDFOne of the challenges in the Islamization of knowledge project is the absence of a ready approach for integrating the existing disciplines within the Islamic knowledge paradigm. Among the constituents of such an approach is an epistemological framework that defines a discipline to serve as reference for further efforts on the operational level. This study intends to fill this gap with a perspective on Islamic epistemological framework in the field of medicine during the Islamic medieval era. The focus of analysis is on the topic of the origin of medicine and the views of ancient Greek physicians in the compilation entitled ‘Uyūn al-anbā’ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibba’ or History of Physicians authored by Ibn ’Abī ’Uṣaibia‘. The study used interpretive textual analysis method to arrive at certain constructs for an Islamic medical epistemological framework from the point of view of the author. The analysis concludes that the perspective of the author on the selected topics was suggestive of possible constructs for an Islamic epistemological framework that can serve as a point of reference for further development of an approach for integrating medical disciplines in the Islamization context
Breastfeeding Videos as a New Training Tool for Malaysian Breastfeeding Peer Counsellor Program in Empowering Breastfeeding Communities
Get PDFThe Malaysian Breastfeeding Peer Counsellors (MBFPC) is the pioneer of non-governmental organization (NGO) of trained breastfeeding peer counsellors in Malaysia initiated in 2010. The training was done in a systematic way using a developed syllabus that was adapted from and endorsed by the La Leche League International (LLLI) to suit our local population. Training materials used throughout the program were presentation slides, demonstration tools, mantas and role-plays. Materials and methods: In 2015, MBFPC partnered with Global Health Media Project (GHMP) to incorporate breastfeeding videos as training tool to further enhance the delivery of current breastfeeding peer counsellor trainings to the participants, emphasizing on helping breastfeeding mothers. The new training tool was evaluated in 38 participants, who underwent 21 hours of training. Participants were required to do pre and post-assessments to complete the MBFPC Modules, view 8 videos and do practical sessions within a 2 month period post training. Participants’ field experience survey and focus group discussions were conducted among the participants and the trainers to look at the practicality of the videos in our training. Results: All participants felt that the videos made the training more effective and helped change their understanding and approach. The trainers agreed that the videos had covered all key topics need to be delivered in the training modules and helped them to deliver most important topics in helping breastfeeding mothers in a more practical way. Conclusion: GHMP Breastfeeding Videos are suitable as educational and training tools in helping breastfeeding mothers in our training
Challenges on Learning Islam among Deaf Muslim in an Indonesian Context: Deaf Teachers Perspective
Get PDFOptimal learning facilitation is the most helpful support for deaf people to learn Islam. However, due to lack of knowledge on how to teach Islam, parents tend to let these children grew up without giving appropriate facilitation on learning Islam. The aim is to investigate issues and problems related to learning Islam among deaf Muslim from the perspective of deaf teachers in an Indonesian context. The method is semi-structured, in-depth FGD using a sign interpreter. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes. Eight deaf teachers in Islamic special school voluntary participated in this project. Findings are divided into problems and solutions themes. Three problems revealed from the participants; limited sign language skills and sign interpreter during Islamic teaching; limited literacy skills as the only mode of communication to hearing people; and discouragement of learning Islam from the society. Three themes as a solution to the problems revealed from the participants include accessible information through Muslim organization and deaf foundation, visual learning through internet and hearing peers, parents’ and society adjustment by learning sign language. Although hearing loss may impact on understanding Islamic concept, providing sign language, interpreters, accessible educational information as well as society adjustment to deaf people, can help them learn Islam optimally in an Indonesian context
Five Pillars of Islam in Relation to Physical Health, Spiritual Health and Nursing Implications
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine five pillars of Islam and their relationship with physical and spiritual health. The five pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life, considered mandatory by believers, and Muslims are required to observe them with utmost dedication. They are summarized as Shahadah, Salah, Zakat Saum, and Hajj. he first pillar of Islam, declaration of faith (Shahadah) includes the most important concept, which is the complete submission to the will of Allah (SWT) by obeying and believing in Him. Spirituality in general is defined as “religious belief or the spiritual quality of something”, “a search for the sacred”, “personal growth, or an encounter with one's own inner dimension”. The World Health Organization (WHO) mentions spiritual health as one of four dimensions to well-being; physical, mental, social, and spiritual”. Moreover, holistic nursing practice includes treating people as a whole and attending to a client’s physiological, psychological, and spiritual needs. Thus, this study intends to further explore the unitary aspect of Islam that infuse each of the pillars, and their effects on physical, spiritual well-being and nursing implications associated with it. Five pillars of Islam are discussed from the Quran, Alhadith, and Sunnah (the sayings and traditions of the Prophet) as baselines, and further additions from the knowledge of the Islamic scholars. And it is noted that our practices based on the five pillars of Islam have not only positive effects on physical but also spiritual health. This paper pointed out that while performing obligatory duties as stipulated by Islam, one could achieve spiritual enhancement as well as physical strength and well being
Overview of Safety and Efficacy of Non-Viral Gene Transfer in Cartilage Tissue Engineering from the Worldview of Islam
Get PDFThis paper examines the safety and efficacy of non-viral gene transfer in cartilage tissue engineering (TE) from the worldview of Islam. The first clinical trial treating adenosine deaminase deficient patients conducted in 1990 has triggered the development of gene transfer technology. The potential of gene transfer is further explored in TE field with the hope that it could prosper the regenerative medicine application. However, ethical issues become important when it comes to application of new treatment modalities, primarily in gene transfer because of genetic modification influences the basis of life - the DNA. Besides ethical issue, the application of gene transfer in treating diseases also attract views from religious context. The questions on the techniques to administer the gene in human, social acceptance of genetically modified cell and adverse effects from it are still debatable and unresolved. Apart from that dilemma, both safety and efficacy issues are raised due to the scientific uncertainty and social perception of the technology. Despite countless number of encouraging findings and recommendations by the proponents of the technology, gene transfer is currently available only in the research setting. The established guidelines are used to complement and provide the necessary foundations in discussing the aspects involved in the incorporation of gene transfer with cartilage TE. Relevant Islamic input are identified and aligned to those particular guidelines. It is hoped that the integration of Islamic inputs in the existing guidelines could suggest the safest approach in treating cartilage degenerative disease through gene transfer and TE
Morphometric Study of Dorsalis Pedis Artery and Variation in its Branching Pattern: A Cadaveric Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) is the chief artery that supplies the dorsum of the foot. Palpation of DPA at the dorsum of the foot is important in case of atherosclerotic disease. A sound knowledge of DPA like its branching pattern is essential for the ankle surgeries as well as its presence or absence in case of peripheral vascular disease. Material and methods: 30 Lower limbs of unknown age and sex were dissected in the department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. The skin and fascia were removed.The measurement of Dorsalis pedis artery till its termination, Length from medial malleolus, Length from lateral malleolus and branching pattern of Dorsalis pedis artery was studied. Results: In this study, the average length of dorsalis pedis artery was found 7.8cm, average length from medial malleolus was 3.9cm and average length from lateral malleolus was 4.5cm.The normal branching pattern of medial tarsal artery was noticed in 53% and lateral tarsal artery in 63% cases. The arcuate artery was absent in 3% of cases. Conclusion: The knowledge of the variation of DPA is helpful during various foot surgeries. Knowledge of the variation will be useful in deciding whether the absence of the pulse in DPA is due to thrombosis of the vessel or its abnormal course or absence. DPA does not always lie at mid -malleolar point
Efficacy of Antibiotic Laden Collagen Sponge In Treating Open Fracture
Get PDFIntroduction: Open fractures are known as a major predisposing factor for a higher incidence of infection. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of antibiotic impregnated collagen sponge in reducing the risk of infection in open fractures Grade 3. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cohort study, evaluating the incidence of infection in open fractures of the femur Grade 3A/3B following insertion of gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge (Collatamp®) during definitive fracture fixation. Eryhtrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and total white count (TWC) were used as blood parameters to observe for the possibility of infection from pre-operatively up to follow up visits at the clinic. Results: A total number of 36 patients, whom had sustained open fracture of the femur Grade 3A/B, underwent internal fixation with antibiotic impregnated collagen sponge insertion. Overall, ESR and TWC in both male and female gender were downgoing trend, with p values of <0.001, and clinically there was no evidence of infection. No infection was identified in 97.2% of patients, following the internal fixation and antibiotic impregnated collagen sponge insertion. There was only one patient (2.8%) who developed infection following the definitive internal fixation and antibiotics impregnated collagen sponge insertion. Conclusion: The use of antibiotic impregnated collagen sponge in open fractures reduced the occurrence of infection. Furthermore, this allows for an uncomplicated union of the bone following definitive fixation