IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
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Periodontal Health Awareness among IIUM Medical Students
Get PDFIntroductions: Proper knowledge of oral diseases is crucial in medical practice because periodontal disease is associated with multiple systemic conditions. A large number of systemic diseases and drugs have oral manifestations as well as adverse reactions. The aim of this study is to assess periodontal awareness, knowledge and attitude among medical students of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and method: This cross-sectional study utilized questionnaires which were distributed to fourth and final year medical students of IIUM Kuantan. Each participant’s consent was obtained before being recruited into the survey. Questions pertaining to oral health, periodontal disease and its relation with systemic conditions were given. Based on the answers, respondents’ awareness, knowledge and attitude were assessed.The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results: A total of 93 students completed the survey questionnaires. 3% of them have awareness that periodontal disease is related to gingiva. 10% respondents agreed that the dental plaque is the primary cause of periodontal disease.80% respondents have knowledge of associations between periodontal disease and systemic conditions. 4% of them were able to identify drugs causing gingival enlargement. 97% of respondents showed positive attitude for referral to dentist in the future. Conclusions: The participants have superficial awareness and knowledge about periodontal disease and its relation to systemic conditions. However, they have positive attitude for future practice towards their patients. Hopefully, this research may provide direct suggestion to incorporate basic periodontal knowledge in their medical syllabus
Prevalence of Breast Cancer and Its Associated Factors for Recurrence in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan 2008 – 2012
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in Malaysian women. Cancer recurrence has been a detrimental factor towards survival with peak of recurrence recorded in first 2 years of diagnoses. Identifying the prognostic factors towards recurrence is important to management and prolonging survival. Materials and method: We have retrospectively analyzed 179 patients women with breast cancer based on 5 years single centre database with minimum follow up of 2 years. The demographic and clinicopathological characteristics were determined using descriptive statistics. Survival were calculated based on Kaplan- Meier method and multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards was performed to evaluate the potential factors affecting breast cancer recurrence. Results: Mean follow up was 42 months, with mean age 52 years and 60.9% presented in Stage II disease. Overall recurrence was 41.9% with local recurrence 2.1%, regional recurrence 12.3% and distant recurrence 27.4%. 50% of our patients developed recurrence at 25 months. In univariate analysis, time to first presentation was significantly correlated with recurrence. However, in multivariate analysis; tumor size, lymph node positivity and lymphovascular invasion were independently associated with recurrence. Conclusion: Even though local data on breast cancer recurrence is sparse, it does correlate with the international data. Thus, optimizing our care in breast cancer
The Effect of Tualang Honey in Chronic Exposure of High Cholesterol Diet in Animal Model
Get PDFIntroduction: Hyperlipidaemia accompanies chronic renal disease either as a consequence of the renal dysfunction or as part of generalized metabolic derangements. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of tualang honey (TH) on the kidneys of animal model with chronic exposure to high cholesterol diet. Materials and method: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups, the high cholesterol diet (12% CD (n= 16) and standard diet (SD) (n=4) and were fed for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the rats in the 12% CD group were subsequently divided into four groups. The first group was continued with only 12% CD while the other 3 groups in addition to the 12% CD, they were given TH treatment at different concentrations (1.2, 2.4 and 3.0 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Biochemical analysis of lipid profile and renal function were performed at the end of the experiment. The animals were sacrificed and the kidneys were harvested for histological examination. Results: In the 12 weeks HCD group, the serum cholesterol, LDL-c and creatinine levels were significantly higher) compared to that of the SD group. All groups with the tualang honey treatment had significant reduction in the LDL-c, triglyceride and creatinine levels. Histological examination of the kidney tissues of the HCD and HCD+TH groups at 16 weeks revealed segmental mesangial proliferation of some glomeruli with focal mesangial matrix expansion. No areas of periglomerular and peritubular fibrosis were observed. Conclusion: Tualang honey supplementation of animal model with chronic exposure to high cholesterol diet improved the renal function hence suggesting the its renoprotective effect. However, there were no changes seen in the histology of the kidneys . Additionally, tualang honey showed improvement in the LDL-c and triglyceride levels indicating its lipid lowering activities
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia or Osler-Weber -Rendu Syndrome: Management of Epistaxis in 4 Cases
Get PDFHereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder causing systemic abnormalities of the vascular structure. There are multiple arteriovenous malformations present in the skin and mucosal surface of the nail beds, nose, gastrointestinal tract, lungs and brain. Epistaxis is the common presentation symptom, which may require multiple hospital admissions and blood transfusions. It is extremely rare disease in our population. We report 4 cases of HHT who presented to us with moderate to severe epistaxis and how we managed these patients
Genome Comparison of Actinomyces Naeslundii with known Probiotics
Get PDFIntroduction: Actinomyces naeslundii is an oral microbiome that has been suggested to involve in actinomycosis particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, studies have also shown that the bacterium can inhibit the colonisation of Candida albicans and cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Even though various studies have been conducted to characterise A. naeslundii, however, the role of the bacterium in the oral cavity either to induce pathogenicity or to improve oral health remain unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the role of A. naeslundii in the oral cavity using bioinformatic tools with the hypothesis that A. naeslundii possesses genome similarity to oral probiotics. Materials and method: The study was conducted by data mining of the genomic sequences of A. naeslundii NCTC10301 from GenBank. Following that, genomic comparison was performed with 25 species of well-known probiotics. MAUVE version 2.3.1 was used to find similarities between A. naeslundii with the known probiotics through identification of potential relevance probiotic properties in A. naeslundii. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using PHYLIP package to identify evolutionary relationship of A. naeslundii with the known probiotics. The 16s rRNA sequences of A. naeslundii and known probiotics were harvested from GenBank using BLAST. Finally, the functions of all A. naeslundii genes that shared similarity with known probiotics were identified using INTERPRO. Result: Genome comparison analysis of the present study showed that A. naeslundii genome exhibited high similarity to Bifidobacterium species such as B. animalis subsp. lactis, B. bifidum, B. longum and B. breve. In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Bacillus species, B. subtilis and B. cereus , appeared to clade together with A. naeslundii, with bootstrap value of 98%. Conclusion: A. naeslundii had high similarity with probiotic Bifidobacterium species thus supported the hypothesis of the present study that A. naeslundii possesses genome similarity to oral probiotic
Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Incidence and Risk of Surgical Site Infection
Get PDFIntroduction: This prospective cross sectional study assessed surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) practice, the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and its associated risks in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Methods: Patients for elective colorectal, hepatobiliary, upper gastrointestinal, breast and endocrine surgery, who received SAP were included and followed up until day-30 postoperatively. Types of antibiotic, preoperative–dose timing, intraoperative re-dosing and its duration were recorded. The incidence of SSI was calculated and its associated risks expressed in odds ratio. Results: Out of 166 patients recruited, 121 (72.89%) patients received SAP preoperatively, and 91 (75.21%) of them were prescribed the appropriate antibiotic as per our institutional guideline. Three patients who continued to receive therapeutic antibiotic postoperatively were excluded from statistical analysis. Eleven (9.10%) patients received SAP beyond the preoperative–dose timing of 60 minutes (p=0.001), which was an independent risk factor for SSI (adjusted OR 4.527, 95% CI; 1.058-19.367, p=0.042). The risk of SSI also remained in patients who continued to receive SAP beyond 24 hours (OR 4.667, 95% CI; 1.527-14.259, p=0.007). The overall rate of SSI was 17.18%. Conclusion: We found that the choice of antibiotic prescribed for SAP was in accordance to institutional guideline and the relatively high SSI incidence was similar to a recent local report. Although the number of patients receiving preoperative dose-timing of > 60 minutes was low, it was nonetheless an independent risk factor for SSI. The postoperative continuation of SAP for more than 24 hours showed no benefit in reducing SSI
The Relationship between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Body Composition among Students at a Pre-University Centre in Malaysia
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an essential element in our daily life that leads to long-term health benefits. Physical activity refers to movement of the body that requires energy. Body mass index (BMI) indicates a ratio of body weight to squared height, which is a useful health indicator. On the contrary, body composition describes the body by measuring percentages of fat and muscle in human bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activities, BMI and body composition among pre-university students from one of the universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit 70 pre-university students into this study. RESULTS: From the study, 50% of the respondents are categorized as minimally active. In addition, there is significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female respondents. The relationship between physical activity and BMI indicates a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between physical activity and fat mass is a weak negative relationship. Meanwhile, there is a weak positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that when physical activity increases, BMI and body fat mass will decrease, while muscle mass will increase. Moreover, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and body composition. 
Refractive Surprise in Post-Cataract Surgery in Post Epi-LASIK Patient: A Lesson Learnt
Get PDFPost-myopic laser refractive surgery corneal power measurement for intraocular lens power calculation is one of the most challenging issues in cataract surgery. Standard keratometry measurement is likely to be overestimated which could lead to false-low intraocular lens power. As a result, this can lead to hyperopic surprise. Contact lens method is an alternative method which is relatively inexpensive and accessible procedure in many optometry and ophthalmology centres. The contact lens method with optimised equations have been used for this case to obtain an accurate postoperative corneal power
Adult Laryngeal Hemangioma – A Rare Case Report
Get PDFLaryngeal hemangiomas are classified into an adult and infantile forms. The incidence of laryngeal hemangioma in adults is rare. While infantile hemangiomas are more frequently found in subglottic regions and regress with age, adult hemangiomas occur commonly in supraglottic and glottic regions and they do not regress spontaneously. In this article, we report a case of laryngeal cavernous hemangioma in a 51-year-old male who was treated successfully with endolaryngeal microsurgical technique without any recurrence through one year follow up