IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
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Eruption Cyst of a Newborn and Review of the Management
Get PDFEruption cyst is a cyst associated with the unerupted tooth that is rarely found in a newborn or infant. We reported a case of a male infant who presented with an eruption cyst at birth in which has not caused any feeding or airway problem in him. A periodic monitoring was performed and spontaneous regression of the cystic lesion was observed within a month with the presence of a neonatal tooth .
Food Insecurity During COVID-19: A Neglected Priority?
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic is a public health and global problem threatening the food security and nutrition of millions of people. While considerable public health resources have focused on combating the COVID-19 pandemic, food and nutrition have received less attention. By 2030, Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to eradicate hunger and ensure that all people, especially the poor and vulnerable, have year-round access to safe, nutritious, and enough food. Regrettably, the world is falling short of its 2030 target of attaining Zero Hunger, mainly due to this pandemic. We reviewed the prevalence of food insecurity during COVID-19 ranging from 23% to 80% and its consequences including the measures presented in the previous studies to address the issue. Food insecurity has many negative consequences during COVID-19, including disruption of food chains, increased food prices, malnutrition and health consequences, growing social inequities, and bad economic outcomes. We highlighted the need for two main strategies: nutritionsensitive social protection, and food system reform and innovation to address this problem further to build a more robust and resilient food system for the sake of future generations
The Impact of Pre-surgical Orthopedics Appliances (PSOAs) in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (BCLP) Patients
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Acceptable maxillary growth in bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) is difficult to achieve. Pre-surgical orthopedic treatment aims at the reduction of cleft size by guiding growth and functional rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of Pre-surgical Orthopedics Appliances (PSOAs) on facial growth in BCLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consented subjects were patients who were treated in Hospital Universiti Sains, Malaysia, and Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II. Ages of patients ranged from 7 to 21 years of age with non-syndromic cleft and no associated anomalies. A lateral cephalogram was taken and data collected was analyzed to compare the facial growth of BCLP with and without PSOA and between active and passive PSOA. RESULTS: The study sample comprised of 52 BCLP patients with 26 having PSOA and 26 did not having PSOA. Among these patients, those who had PSOA had significant shorter length of PNS-ANS (3.69 mm; p= 0.04) and Co-A (8.38 mm; p=0.04) compared to those who did not have PSOA. However, there were no significant difference in the length measurements between passive and active PSOA users. CONCLUSION: The usage of PSOA gives a shorter maxillary length in the facial growth of bilateral cleft patients. This study proved the effectiveness of PSOA on facial growth of cleft patients in local population
Malay Language Translation and Validation of the Seven-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire [ETDQ-7(M)]
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) is commonly left unidentified, and clinicians often had to deal with its consequences. Hence, ETD symptoms should be routinely explored to unmask the diagnosis. The seven-item Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) is a user-friendly and disease-specific instrument introduced by McCoul et al. to assess the severity of ETD symptoms and treatment effectiveness. However, there is no Malay version of ETDQ-7 [ETDQ-7(M)] available for local population. This study aims to translate and validate the ETDQ-7 in Malay language. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ETDQ-7 was translated and culturally adapted into Malay language. 68 adult patients with ETD and 68 healthy patients who served as control completed ETDQ-7(M). It was repeated on patients with ETD after two weeks. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the psychometric properties of ETDQ-7(M). RESULTS: ETDQ-7(M) displayed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.93) which is comparable to the original questionnaire. There was excellent test-retest reliability (r= 0.86 – 0.99). No significant difference in total scores was observed between the first and second evaluations. The mean total score for patients with ETD and control group was 25.8 and 8.4 respectively. Discrimination between ETD and control group using a cut-off point of 13.5, yielded sensitivity and specificity of 100% respectively (area under curve=100%). CONCLUSION: ETDQ-7(M) is a validated questionnaire recommended for use in the management of ETD as a diagnostic tool and in treatment monitoring with excellent reliability and validity
Factors Associated with Risk Exposure to Human Rabies among Mammal Bite Cases in Mukah Division, Sarawak, East Malaysia
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: Rabies is a neglected disease. Before the epidemic of rabies in Sarawak in July 2017, surveillance of mammal bites was not well implemented throughout the state. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of mammal bites in the Mukah Division and the factors that are associated with the risk of exposure to human rabies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that used data from reported cases of mammal bites in Mukah Division, Sarawak, from 2018–2019. A universal sampling method was used, and 457 cases of mammal bites were included in the analysis. Data was analysed using single logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of mammal bites in Mukah Division was 0.35% with a cumulative incidence of 354 per 100 000 population. Age group 0-14 years old (AOR 6.49, 95%CI 1.26-33.53), free-roaming pet (AOR 2.93, 95% 1.36-6.28) and stray mammals (AOR 10.88, 95% CI 5.05-23.48) were found to be significantly associated with risk exposure to human rabies in Mukah Division in the final model. CONCLUSION: Health awareness and education should be emphasized to the community and medical personnel on the identified risk factors so that rabies infection can be prevented
Thymoma with Myasthenia Gravis in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Get PDFThymoma is the commonest mediastinal tumour but a rare type of thymic tumour of unknown aetiology. The overall incidence of thymoma is 0.13 per 100,000 persons per year which is even rarer in pregnancy. Until this date, the specific link between thymoma and pregnancy has not been identified. Presentations are also variables and includes chest pain, respiratory insufficiency, superior vena cava syndrome or non-specific symptoms like fever and weight loss. An autoimmune paraneoplastic disease which is often linked with thymoma includes myasthenia gravis (MG), hypogammaglobinaemia, aplastic anaemia and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we describe a case of thymoma in pregnancy who had successfully delivered and underwent surgical removal postpartum.
Designing and Validating a New Youth and Adolescent Sexual Knowledge Scale
Get PDFINTRODUCTION: There is an increasing trend of premarital sexual experience and teenage pregnancies in Malaysia, coupled with a paucity of data regarding sexual practices amongst adolescents. Current available sexual knowledge scales that were reviewed were found unsuitable to be applied to the Malaysian population, due to a multitude of factors such cultural and religious sensitivity; explicit nature and contents; targeting specific populations; non-comprehensiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The development of a new scale, Youth and Adolescent Sexual Knowledge Scale (YASKS) is divided into qualitative and quantitative stages. The qualitative stage involved extensive literature review of currently available and related scales and expert interviews (qualitative content validity) to identify the domains for sexual knowledge; item identification for each domain and language review. In the quantitative stage, the pretest of the pre-final version, and validation study were conducted among students from International Islamic University Malaysia, in Kuantan. RESULTS: Initial Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed 11 factors with overall Cronbach alpha of 0.3, 95% CI (0.251,0.422) EFA was then repeated with two factors resulting in deletion of 19 items. Cronbach alpha significantly improved to 0.695% CI (0.548, 0.643), while the alpha for the two domains were 0.68, CI (0.637, 0.724) and 0.5, 95% CI (0.455,0.589). CONCLUSION: This study revealed a two-factor model with 12 items of the YASKS with acceptable psychometric properties. This scale is valid and reliable to measure sexual knowledge among youth and adolescents in Kuantan
Holistic Approach of Periodontitis Patient with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a common risk factor for patients with periodontal disease. Periodontitis patients with poor glycaemic control present with severe and advanced periodontal tissue destruction. A multidisciplinary approach between the periodontist and medical practitioner is clinically proven to maintain the patient's periodontal health and general well-being. This case report aims to raise the awareness and provide a basic guideline for medical and dental practitioners in identifying and managing periodontitis patients with undiagnosed DM particularly if patient is presented with recurrent periodontal abscess. A 34-year-old Malay lady presented with recurrent periodontal abscess and diagnosed with Periodontitis Stage III Grade C was treated holistically by the periodontist and a medical practitioner. The patient's compliance towards the periodontal treatment, routine medical check-ups, and medications has helped the patient achieved better periodontal health and controlled glycaemic level. Following her sixth periodontal re-evaluation in two years improvement in oral hygiene, resolution of gingival swelling and bleeding were seen after sequences of non-surgical, surgical periodontal treatment and patient’s compliance towards her medications and follow-up