IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
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Effect Of 5% Binahong Leaves Extract Gel On Minor Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Get PDFIntroduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is recurrent oral ulcers. RAS pain make patient difficult to speak, eat, swallow, and lowered patient's quality of life. Binahong leaves is a traditional medicine that has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, covering agents and antioxidants effect that can be used to cure RAS. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of binahong leaves extract gel for minor RAS healing. Materials and Methods: This study was an experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design which involved 20 RAS patients visiting USU Dental Hospital. Data collected by initial examination then controlled every day for the next three days. Pain scale is measured with visual analog scale. Erythematous halo is measured by the presence or absence of erythema. Ulcer size is measured by measuring the largest diameter of ulcer. Patient was asked to apply the extract thinly with cotton bud. Analysis of the data used Friedman Test and Cochran Test to determine the difference before and after treatment. Results: The result showed significant reduction in pain scale p = 0.001 (p<0.05), erythema halo p = 0.001 (p<0.05), and ulcer size p = 0.001 (p<0.05). There is a reduction in pain scale, erythema halo, and ulcer size at the time of initial examination to first, second and third control. Conclusion(s): The use of 5% binahong leaves extract gel was effective to reduce pain, erythema halo, and ulcer size of minor RAS
Orthognatic Surgery And Treatment: An Islamic Legal Maxims Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: The position of facial bones contribute great impact to the shape of the face. Shape of these underlying facial bones responsible for a person facial proportions, angles and contours. Facial deformity can either be congenital or acquired. Functional impairment related to facial deformity include chewing problems, breathing problems, speech impairments and temporomandibular joint pathology. Orthognathic surgery is a procedure involving incision and manipulation using instrument to align the jaws. Performing cosmetic surgery seems to change the creation of Allah and the original law of changing Allah creation is prohibited. Materials and Methods: The approach use in this study is based on analysis of Quran, Sunnah, views of ulama and contemporary fatwas. Results: In assessing the orthognathic surgery law for patients with this dentofacial defect, the researcher found that the main issues that need to be investigated are the difficulties existed (Masyaqqah) and the level of patient harm in addition to the intention or purpose of performing orthognathic surgery. However, according to the principles of the Islamic jurisprudence, orthognathic surgery is permitted based on the principles such as ad-darar yuzal, almusyaqqah tajlibu al-taisir, al-darurat tuqaddiru biqadaruha, Irtikab Akhaf Al-Dhararain and aldarurat tubihu mahzurat serta al-Umur bimaqasidiha. Conclusion(s): Orthognathic surgery is permissable because the purpose is not to alter the original look but as measurement to treat defects and to restore function. This objective is very consistent with the fiqh rules that stated, every harm and distress should be eliminated
Prevalence Of Hypodontia In Patients Attending Orthodontic Clinic In Kuala Terengganu
Get PDFIntroduction: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the pattern of hypodontia among orthodontic patients in Klinik Pergigian Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu. Materials and Methods: A retrospective of 351 orthodontic patients record review study was conducted; comprised of 104 males and 247 females. The records were reviewed by trained dental officer between October 2016 and June 2017. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were carried out for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 10.8%. Thirty-eight patients were found to have at least single missing tooth. A significant difference was found between males and females of having hypodontia (p = 0.048). No significant difference was found for hypodontia patients by races (p = 0.829). The maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently missing tooth followed by mandibular second premolars and mandibular lateral incisors. Hypodontia cases observed tended to be more likely occurred in the upper left arch compared to the lower arch. The majority of hypodontia patients had single missing tooth, but rarely more than 3 missing teeth. Hypodontia patients had mainly Class III malocclusion, however no statistically significant was found (p= 0.081). Conclusion(s): The prevalence of hypodontia of this study was within the range of what is being reported in the literature and showed gender significant. Hypodontia was mainly involved maxillary lateral incisors; more prevalent in the upper arch; and mostly observed in patients with Class III malocclusion in the study sample. Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential. Therefore, alternative treatment modalities can be well planned under multidisciplinary team approach in restoring the aesthetic and function
The Combined Platysma And Temporalis Flap: An Alternative Method Of Reconstructing The Cheek Defect
Get PDFIntroduction: Reconstruction of the primary defect following resection of primary tumour is part of the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer. The present paper reports a case of reconstruction of medium size through and through defect of the cheek with the transverse platysma myocutaneous flap combined with the temporalis flap. Materials and Methods: A 78 years old Chinese male with presented with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of the cheek mucosa. After excision a medium size (about 4cm by 5cm) through and through defect of the cheek was present. A posteriorly based platysma flap and temporalis flap was harvested and used to reconstruct the defect. The donor site was closed primarily. Results: Overall aesthetic results was good. There was no necrosis of flap, dehiscence or fistula. Flap contracture was the main complication. Conclusion(s): The combined platysma and temporalis flap is a good method to reconstruct a medium sized through and through defect of cheek
The Incidence Of Tori In Malaysians- A Retrospective Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Malaysians. The objectives are to evaluate the incidence of tori according to ethnicity, to assess the incidence of tori according to gender and to determine the incidence of torus palatinus vs torus mandibularis. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in MAHSA Dental Clinic by collecting the data of 97 patients (15-74 years old) with 133 torus palatinus and torus mandibularis (2008-2014). Data included patient's age, race, gender, presence of the tori with their size; number and location. The presence of tori was confirmed by clinical inspection. Subjects were classified by their ethnicity as well as location of the tori. Impression and study casts were made for assessment of the size and shape of the tori. The tori were measured by A digital caliper and average size was graded by Reichart's classification. The data analyzed by Chi-Square test Results: Out of the 133 cases; 40% were Malay, 37% were Chinese and 23% were Indians with no significant finding (p-value=0.2783). 47.4% of the subjects were from the third decade of life. Male to female ratio 1:2 with 37% male and 63% female. Among all the cases, 53% were torus palatinus, 19% were torus mandibularis and 28% had both. Larger size of tori was found in Malays. Conclusion(s): The frequency of tori is relatively high in Malaysian population but unrelated to ethnicity. The etiology of tori seems to be multifactorial in nature and needs more researches to unravel
Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Properties of Ethanol and Aqueous Extracts of Orthosiphon Stamineus and Andrographis Paniculata Leaves and Stems
Get PDFIntroduction: Quorum sensing controls a wide spectrum of processes and phenotypic behaviours including biofilm formation that helps in the survival and virulence of bacteria in hosts. Thus, anti-quorum sensing is suggested to combat bacterial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm forming and anti-quorum sensing activities which may contribute to the anti-bacterial effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus and Andrographis paniculata leaves and stems. Materials and method: General biofilm assay protocol with modification was used for the biofilm assay to test the effect of different concentration (2 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml) of extracts on the biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Optical density of crystal violet/acetic acid solution was measured at 595 nm and the percentage of biofilm inhibition was calculated. In quorum quenching assay, visualization of reporter strain AI1-QQ.1 growth will be used for the detection of bio-molecules interfering with acyl homoserine lactone (AHL). Results: Extracts with the highest ability to inhibit biofilm formation were ethanol extract of O.stamineus stem and A.paniculata leaves with 77.84% at extracts concentration of 3 mg/ml. Aqueous extract of O.stamineus leaves showed the least potential with 13.41% inhibition. However, aqueous extract of A.paniculata showed zero inhibition at 3 mg/ml and two extracts (aqueous extract of O.stamineus and A.paniculata leaves) gave negative value at concentration of 3 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. Quorum quenching assay has yet to be done. Conclusion: It could be concluded that most of the extracts possess anti-biofilm property
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Dengue among Adult Population in Felda Sungai Pancing Timur, Kuantan, Pahang
Get PDFBackground: With increasing number of dengue cases in Malaysia, it’s of utmost importance that immediate action be taken to limit the epidemic. Since dengue control is a behavioral problem, the knowledge, attitude and practice in population needs to be studied in order to control the disease. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue and its associated factors among adult residents of Felda Sungai Panching Timur (SPT), Kuantan, Pahang, 2014. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out involving 265 adult respondents. A face to face interview questionnaire which was divided into 2 parts (Part A: Sociodemoghraphic; Part B: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice) was used. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regression. Results: 53.2% of the respondents had good knowledge about dengue and it was found that the main source of information from mass media (76.6%). However, only 43.4% were found to have good attitude towards dengue. Multiple Logistic Regression analysis showed there was no association between sociodemographic characteristics with the level of knowledge and attitude towards dengue. There was also no association found between knowledge of dengue and the attitude of the respondents towards dengue. Descriptive analysis on the practice of dengue showed majority of the respondents who had possible breeding site for Aedes mosquitos (water container, drains/gutter roof/flower pots/tires) in their compound practiced good habit in preventing the Aedes mosquitoes from breed. Conclusion: Although knowledge and practice towards dengue is good, their attitude require improvement
Synergistic effects of Persicaria odorata (Daun Kesom) leaf extracts with standard antibiotics on pathogenic bacteria
Get PDFAntibacterial activity of different types of P. odorata leaf extracts was evaluated in combination with standard antibiotics. Persicaria. odorata leaves were extracted with n-hexane (n-hex), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH). Each extract was applied on vancomycin (30µg), erythromycin (15µg) and gentamicin (10µg) discs, respectively. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the synergistic activity of each combination on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was performed on the active extract. Synergistic effects seen were mainly from the n-hex+antibiotics combinations, mainly on the Gram-positive bacteria (7 additive, 5 antagonistic), with MIC range from 50 µg/ml to 100 µg/ml, as well as Gram-negative bacteria (2 additive, 2 indifferent, 5 antagonistic). In particular, synergism showed by the combination of n-hex+van were all additive against the susceptible bacteria. DCM extract combination showed synergistic effects on three Gram-positive species (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. pyogenes). Meanwhile, MeOH+antibiotics combination showed significant additive synergistic effects (p<0.05) on S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The major compounds of leaves extract were decanal and β-citral. n-Hex extract superiorly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria growth as compared to DCM and MeOH extracts. The additive synergistic property of the n-hex P. odorata extract could be further studied for possible use as an antibacterial agent
Facial Subcutaneous Emphysema As A Rare Complication Of Tonsillectomy
Get PDFTonsillectomy is a very common procedure in Otolaryngology practice. Common complications include bleeding, which can be primary or secondary due to infection of the tonsillar bed. Subcutaneous emphysema after a tonsillectomy is very rare. We report a 19-year-old girl who developed cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema several hours after tonsillectomy with successful conservative treatment outcome
Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Commonly used for Diabetes in Tarlac of Central Luzon Philippines
Get PDFIntroduction: Plants have been used for the treatment of diabetes in Philippine system of medicine and in other countries. They provide clues for the development of new and better oral drugs for diabetes due to the fact that prevalence of diabetes is on a steady upsurge worldwide and identified as one of the leading causes of mortality in Philippines. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in Tarlac of Central Luzon Philippines to evaluate the relative efficacy of the plants used to treat diabetes. A total number of 450 respondents medically diagnosed of having diabetes were interviewed using a previously prepared questionnaire. Fidelity levels (FLs) and use values (UVs) were calculated to identify and verify most preferred plant species used in study areas. Results: A total of 25 plant species are utilized by the respondents to treat diabetes. Medicinal plants commonly utilized are Momordica charantia Linn., Moringa oleifera Lam, Annona muricata Linn., Psidium guajava Linn., Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Hibiscus esculentis Linn., Amomum zingiber Linn., Myrtus cumini Linn., Garcinia mangostana Linn., and Aloe vera Linn. Decoction process is used to prepare the leaves of the medicinal plants for medical consumption in the form of tea. Conclusion: This study confirms the use of different plant species to treat diabetes. It further affirms that most people with diabetes in the study areas rely on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs