IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM)
Not a member yet
1450 research outputs found
Sort by
Identification Of Naqli Knowledge During Motivational Session For Periodontitis Patients: A Qualitative Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Integrated approach of naqli and aqli knowledge is applied in most educational activities conducted in Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). Naqli is knowledge from al-Quran and as-Sunnah while aqli is rational knowledge or knowledge based on scientific evidence. Currently the integration of naqli and aqli knowledge in periodontology subject is at the initial stage of implementation. Motivational session for periodontitis patients is identified to be one of the educational activities that integrates the naqli and aqli knowledge. Therefore, this study is aimed to identify elements of naqli knowledge that can be included during motivational session in periodontal clinic. Materials and Methods: All consented Year Four Students in Faculty of Dentistry, USIM were subjected to an open ended interview. A qualitative method used was grounded theory which focused on the elements of naqli knowledge that may be incorporated in motivational session. The recorded interview was transcribed and analysed with constant comparison.Results: From the interview, it was found that hadith on importance and practice of siwak should be included as it may boost patients motivation towards periodontal care. The importance on taking care of the teeth as an amanah is another element identified that may change the patients attitude towards oral care. The frequency of brushing related with wudhuk and it sunnah was also recognized to assist patients in their daily oral care. Conclusion(s): For conclusion, the integration of naqli and aqli knowledge during motivational session is possible and it may upsurge patients motivation
Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis: Pattern And Distribution In Permanent Dentition Among IIUM Dental Polyclinic Patient
Get PDFIntroduction: Non-syndromic tooth agenesis defined as developmental absence of more than one tooth that appears as independent congenital oral trait. Its prevalence, pattern and distribution rates vary by populations. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern and distribution of tooth agenesis in permanent dentition among IIUM dental polyclinic patients. Materials and Methods: 3481 patients aged 12 to 60 years who attended IIUM Dental Polyclinic from April 2016 until April 2017 was evaluated. 33 hypodontia and 2 oligodontia were ruled out. Patients were required to undergo clinical and radiographic examinations. Results: On an average, two teeth were missing per patients. Excluding third molar, the prevalence of population under study was 1.005%. Half of the total cases showed missing a single tooth (45.7%), whereas the others ranged from two until nine. The most common missing tooth in maxillary and/or mandibular are lateral incisors (28%) followed by second premolars (26.67%) and first premolars (25.33%). There was no significance difference in missing tooth between male and female (p=0.48). More missing teeth identified at maxilla (54.67%) compared to mandible (45.33%). More teeth were found missing on the right side (54.67%), on the posterior region (53.33%) and also unilaterally (71.42%). Tooth anomalies such as peg-shaped tooth (8.57%) and microdontia (5.71%) were found in some cases. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, mild hypodontia is considered as the most common tooth agenesis. The prevalence studied population was less than the previous studies in Malaysia and lateral incisors were identified as the most common missing tooth
Oral Cancer Awareness And Practice Of Risk Habits And Mouth Self-Examination In High Risk Indigenous Community In Sarawak, Malaysia
Get PDFIntroduction: This study was to obtain baseline information and its associated factors on oral cancer awareness, practice of risk habits and mouth self-examination (MSE) among selected highrisk indigenous community in Sarawak. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional survey using faceto-face interview was conducted on consented Malaysian, aged ≥15 years old who attended a one day Ministry of Health annual oral cancer screening programme at Bisaya villages in Limbang, Sarawak. Data were analysed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: 75.1% of respondents were aware of oral cancer. Smoking was the most recognised risk habits (85.1%). About three-quarter of respondents recognised non-healing ulcer (74.7%) and red/white spot (72.1%) in the mouth as possible early cancer signs. Men had higher prevalence of smoking (85.7%) and drinking (70.8%)(p<0.01), whereas, women had higher percentage of betel quid chewing (62.5%). Low income was significantly associated with smoking and alcohol habits, whereas older age group and lower education level were significantly associated with betel quid chewing. Although 94.8% of respondents agreed that early detection may improve treatment outcome, only 33.8% had heard about MSE. Respondents who ever heard of MSE were 57 times more likely to practice MSE. Conclusion(s): Majority of selected high-risk indigenous community were aware of oral cancer, however awareness of MSE are still lacking. Gender, age, education level and income were significantly associated with health-risk behaviours. Future health promotion agenda should focus in addressing socio-environment gaps, and develop health education intervention based on specific health behaviour theory
The Development And Evaluation Of Water Irrigator For Plaque Removal
Get PDFIntroduction: Patient undergoes orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have more plaque retentive area compare to normal person. Therefore, this patient requires higher standard of oral hygiene care. One of adjunctive cleaning device for oral hygiene care is water irrigator. There are several types of water irrigator available in the market such as syringe type, electricity and battery operated. However, the problem is the available water irrigators are expensive. Materials and Methods: A prototype of water irrigator was designed and constructed in USIM. The water irrigator is faucet powered so that the pressure can be easily controlled by adjusting the tap. Four dental arches with orthodontics brackets were prepared using sets of natural teeth mounted on plaster of paris. Artificial plaque was prepared and grown on the dental arches. Plaque score was recorded based on Rustogi modification of navy plaque index (RMNPI) before and after irrigation with water irrigator. The procedure was repeated using toothbrush which act as control group. All the data were collected and analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: The initial mean plaque score for water irrigator was 6.34 and 2.54 after cleaning. While the initial mean plaque score for toothbrush was 6.04 and 3.71 after cleaning. This showed that there were significantly reduction of 60% and 39% plaque score after using water irrigator and tooth brushing respectively. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, both tooth brushing and the new water irrigator can significantly remove dental plaque accumulation on the tooth surface. However, water irrigator showed better results in removal of dental plaque accumulation
The Effect Of Oil Pulling Using Coconut Oil On Gingival Condition In USU Dental Students
Get PDFIntroduction: Oil pulling is one of the adjunct oral hygiene procedure which is done by gargling with vegetable oil, such as coconut oil. Coconut oil is used due to its bioactive substances such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavonoids, saturated fatty acid such as caprylic, capric, and lauric acid, and also unsaturated fatty acid such as oleic and linoleic acid.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gargling with oil pulling method using coconut oil on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: The design of this experimental study is prepost test control group design. A total of 40 subjects from USU dental students was chosen by simple random sampling technique according the inclusion and exclusion criteria and then divided into two groups. The experimental group was asked to gargle with oil pulling method using coconut oil while the control group was asked to do daily oral hygiene procedure. Assessment was done on day 0 and day 10 using Löe and Silness plaque and gingival indices. The data was analyzed by using unpaired and paired t-test. Results: Results show a reduction in plaque and gingival scores from day 0 until day 10, which are 0.248 ± 0.139 (p<0.05) and 0.283 ± 0.168 (p<0.05) respectively. Conclusion(s): In conclusion, oil pulling using coconut oil effectively reduces plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation
The Evaluation Of Streptococcus Mutans Content Of Saliva In Patients With Recurrent Oral Ulceration
Get PDFIntroduction: Recurrent oral ulcer is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by mucosa ulceration, which was believed to have bacterial etiology. Streptococcus mutans is one of the bacteria which have been implicated in this case; it is gram-positive bacteria that reside in the biofilms on the tooth surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans content in saliva of recurrent oral ulcer patients and its role as a prognostic factor. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 60 patients. They were divided into two groups, 30 recurrent oral ulcer patients and 30 controls. Sample of whole unstimulated saliva was collected and dropped onto the Caries Risk Test bacteria kit media by micropipette. After incubation at 37oc for 48 hours, the viable colonies were observed and the presence of Streptococcus mutans was determined semiquantitatively. The association between level of salivary Streptococcus mutans and the occurrence of the recurrent oral ulcer was tested using chi-squared test with p≤0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: The level of Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher in oral ulcer group as compared to the control group (p=0.009782). Male shows higher Streptococcus mutans concentration than female in both groups. Conclusion(s): Positive Streptococcus mutans colonization in the saliva were most pronounced in patients who has recurrent oral ulcer, suggesting that there is a relationship between increased presence of Streptococcus mutans and recurrent oral ulcer which may lead to the conclusion that Streptococcus mutans may be involved in the disease process of recurrent oral ulcer
Validity Of Mothers’ Caries Screening Of Their Preschool Children And Its Relationship To Sociodemographic Backgrounds
Get PDFIntroduction: Mothers can be trained to screen caries in their children. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of mothers’ caries screening of their preschool children. Materials and Methods: 81 volunteer mothers of four- and five-year-old preschool children, from four kindergartens in Pahang were included this study. All mothers were trained by a dentist to detect caries in preschoolers based on a simplified caries detection guideline by WHO (1997) in a three-hour course. Subsequently, all mothers screened their own children caries status at the workshop and 24 hour later, at home. The validity of the results was determined by comparing mothers’ to dentist’s findings; and calculating their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values at child and tooth levels. Results: Caries prevalence among the children was 88.9%, with mean dmft of 7.10 (sd 5.07). At the workshop, mothers’ screening sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values at child level were 93.1%, 66.7%, 95.7%, 54.5%; and at tooth level were 76.6%, 94.0%, 90.4% and 87.8%, respectively. 24 hours post-workshop screening’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values at tooth level were 76.1%, 93.7%, 90.7% and 87.9% respectively. The reliability of 24 hours post- workshop screening at tooth level was almost perfect (kappa=0.84). No significant relationship was reported between validity of screening and mothers' age, educational status, household income and area of residence. Conclusion(s): The validity of mothers’ screening in this sample was adequate in identifying caries in their preschool children, regardless of their sociodemographic backgrounds
Randomized Control Trial Study On The Effect Of Wet Cupping On Lipid Profile
Get PDFIntroduction: Dyslipidaemia is one of the risk factors contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wet cupping on lipid profile. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2012 at the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. Sixty-two healthy volunteers ranging from 30 to 60 years old were randomized into control and intervention groups. Subjects in the intervention group were assigned to two sessions of wet cupping at the beginning of the study and at the third month; individuals in the control group did not undergo any cupping procedure. Venous blood sample was collected for serum lipid profile: Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides; measured at baseline, first, third and fourth month. Results: Subjects in the cupping group had significant improvements from baseline to third and fourth month for TC (MD=-0.56, P=0.004), HDL-C (MD=-0.22, P<0.001) and LDL-C (MD=0.58, P=0.001). There was also a significant reduction from baseline to one month for triglycerides (MD=0.38, P<0.001). Subjects in the cupping group had significantly better values in HDL-C and LDL-C as compared with the control group at the third and fourth month. Significantly lower levels of TC and triglycerides in the cupping group of the fourth month. In the control group, there were no significant changes in any serum lipid profiles. Conclusion: After two sessions of wet cupping, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides were significantly improved by 8.2%, 13.7%, 16.4% and 20.8% respectively
Morphology of Maxillary First Molars Analyzed by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography among Malaysian: Variations in the Number of Roots and Canals and the Incidence of Fusion
Get PDFIntroduction: A few studies investigated the numerous potential endodontic uses of CBCT, including the examination of root canal morphology and presumed that CBCT was effective for the initial identification of such morphology; moreover CBCT is a reliable method for the detection of the MB2 canal when compared with the gold standard of physical sectioning of the specimen. The aim of this study was to identify the root and canal morphology of the maxillary first molars among Malaysians analysed by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: Maxillary first (n = 421) molars from Malaysian patients (n = 241) of Malay, Chinese and Indians inceptions were examined by two Endodontists using in vivo CBCT methods. The number and configuration of roots, the number of root canals, and the canal configuration according to Vertucci’s classification were determined. Results: Single roots were not found in maxillary first molars. The incidence of fused roots was 1.995% in the first molars between mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots. In (421) 3-rooted maxillary first molars, additional canals were found in 45.6% of the mesiobuccal (MB) roots and 0% of the distobuccal (DB) roots. Bilateral symmetry of the MB roots was found in 82.36% of the first molar. Only one tooth was found to have pulp stone inside the pulp chamber. Conclusions: The root and canal configuration of a Malaysian population showed different features from those of other populations. CBCT scans can enhance the understanding of root canal anatomy, with the potential of improving the outcome of endodontic treatment
Benign Calcified Thyroglossal Duct Cyst, – Defying The Hallmark of Papillary Carcinoma, 4th Case Reported In Literature
Get PDFThyroglossal duct cyst is the most common upper neck midline lesion in children. Approximately 1% of thyroglossal duct cyst undergoes malignant transformation. Calcification which is a marker of malignancy almost always points out to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Benign case of calcified thyroglossal cyst maybe undiagnosed or under reported. We report a case of a 5 year old girl with a benign calcified thyroglossal duct cyst, a fourth case in world literature. Here the differences between a benign and malignant thyroglossal duct cyst are discussed