Al-Shajarah Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC)
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VALIDITY EVIDENCE USING EXPERT JUDGMENT: A STUDY OF USING ITEM CONGRUENCE INVOLVING EXPERT JUDGEMENTS FOR EVIDENCE FOR VALIDITY OF A READING TEST
No full textThis study demonstrates the use of the Item Objective Congruence Method (IOC) for a content validation procedure to evaluate the congruence between reading test items constructed and the reading sub-skills they were intended to measure. The IOC allows for quantification of the content validity evidence of a test or an instrument. In this study, experts were asked to rate 96 reading comprehension test items against the sub-skills that the items were intended to measure. In line with the concept of justice in Islam, it is important that the evidence of justice is demonstrated. Using ten English language experts who were also experienced test writers, the study found different degrees of agreement between the experts in terms of what some of the items were supposed to measure. Items that showed considerable incongruence are those that test multiple subskills. Whereas, items that had high degree of congruence are those that clearly test a single subskill
ISLAMIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE CURRICULUM AMONG ACADEMICS AT THE INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM) APPROACH
No full textIslamization of Knowledge (IOK) is documented in the vision andmission of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)which impetuses its implementation in many aspects of the IIUMacademic and non academic programmes. The main objective of thisstudy is to examine the importance of the IOK particularly inaddressing the strategies and practices among the academics tointegrate the IOK in the curriculum. There are seven components ofthe implementation of the IOK at the IIUM. The components includeBelief, Content, Teaching and Learning Process,Evaluation/Assessment, Purpose, Product, and Student Improvement(Value). This paper aims to further investigate or evaluate theimplementation of the IOK through identifying the relationshipsamong these components as perceived by IIUM academics. A 65-itemself-reported questionnaire was developed to collect the data on theIOK from 306 academics. The Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) Version 15 was used to compute the descriptive statistics.Analysis of a Moment Structures (AMOS) version 16.0 was used toperform Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and full-fledgedStructural Equation Model (SEM). The hypothesized model of theIOK among the academics was tested using Structural EquationModeling (SEM). The results have shown a good model fit(RMSEA=0.058; cfi=.948; and tli=0.942). However, Belief in theIOK as a component was not a significant predictor of two curriculum dimensions namely pedagogy and evaluation(C.R.>1.96). This indicates that recognizing the importance of theIOK is not sufficient in both adopting evaluation methods andselecting appropriate pedagogical approaches among academics.However, when the academics believed in the importance of the IOK,they sought for further training and knowledge from the experts.Thus, the relationship between Belief in the IOK and training andknowledge collectively impact the academics’ evaluation in theclassroom. Furthermore, there was a significant relationshipbetween pedagogical approaches and selected products of the IOK.There was an indication that lecturers who adopted the IOK in theirpedagogy approaches had the tendency to produce items of the IOKsuch as articles, chapter of a book, a book, proceeding and thesis.The study suggested that future study to emphasis on accomplishmentof the IOK
FRAMEWORK FOR INCULCATING ISLAMIC VALUES THROUGH PROBLEM SOLVING IN MATHEMATICS AND LESSON STUDY APPROACH
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to relate the development of a frameworkfor inculcating Islamic values among elementary school children.The teaching of Islamic values is to be integrated in the teaching ofmathematics problem solving. Meanwhile, lesson study have beenidentified as the best professional development strategy for thepurpose of coaching the teachers to teach effectively. The paperdiscusses the importance of upholding Islamic values in the currenttime and looks at the opportunities for value inculcation across thecurriculum in particular for the subject of mathematics. Theframework developed is represented by three layers of concentriccircles. In the innermost circle, Islamic values are separated intothree aspects, akhlaq, adab and virtues from the sunnah of theprophet. Subsequently, the second inner circle comprises fourcomponents of problem solving i.e. thinking and reasoning,communication, collaboration and attitude. These elements havebeen selected as important elements to inculcate values. Finally,lesson study, comprising plan, teach and reflect phases have beenchosen as a medium to coach teachers to the processes identified andmentioned in the outermost circle. Muslim scholars’ views, and theirtheories on education and writings on values and character traits,have also been considered in developing the framework. Thetradition of the Muslim mathematicians during the Islamiccivilization is also included
CHILD LABOR UNDER ISLAMIC LAW (THE SHARI’AH): AN OVERVIEW
No full textChild labor is a serious world phenomenon that affects child’s rights. In general, child labor reflects any form of child employment whetherit is hazardous or not-hazardous to children’s welfare. Millions of children are working around the world in order to assist their destitute family, or themselves. It is so unfortunate that many are also forced to involve in dangerous employment like armed forces, drug trafficking and sexual exploitation. This clearly violates children rights especially the right to receive kind treatment, maintenance, good health and education. In Islam, children are regarded as bounties from Allah the Almighty and should be loved and cherished. This paper examines an Islamic overview on child labor and how children should be protected. Our analysis extends to certain means that Islamic law may offer to further protect children from labor. For that purpose, the analysis will involve examination on Islamic perspectives on the role of the government in combating child labor and what are the preventive measures that may be undertaken inorder to prevent child labor
CRYPTOCURRENCY FROM A SHARI’AH PERSPECTIVE
No full textFor the past few years there has been a significant increase of people’s interest in crypto-currencies. Seminars and conferences have been organized to discuss the nature and feasibility of cryptocurrencies. Some argue that it is good to have an alternative to the current fiat money system in which the predominant role is played by banks, while a cryptocurrency does not require any bank account, tax payment and auditing. Some others disagree with these arguments and claim that any mode of payment in other than traditionally known instruments such as cash payment, telegraphic-transfers, cheques and so, will open the door to avoid tax and audits, which in turn may seriously effect a government’s budget and may even decrease GDP. This research uses theoretical, descriptive and analytical methods of research and therefore focuses on the following important points: a) defining the place of cryptocurrency in the financial system by determining the extent of its influence; b) reviewing the literature on the topic, which will allow us to determine the current understanding of the problem by modern science; c) unveiling the key requirements of Shari’ah for money and money circulation to formulate a standard understanding of money in Shari’ah; d) comparing the characteristics of paper money and crypto-currencies (using the bitcoins as an example). The authors believe in permissibility of using the cryptocurrencies but with strict reservations
LETTING THE LEARNERS LEAD: ADAPTING FCM TO ENHANCE LEARNER MOTIVATION, INTERACTION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
No full textThe purpose of the research was to establish whether ‘blended learner-led learning’ could impact learners’ motivation, interaction and academic achievement. The researchers set about adapting Flipped Classroom Method by allowing small teams of undergraduate students to share the responsibility of preparing online materials and then administering them using Flipped Classroom Method, under the guidance and supervision of the lecturer. Flipped Classroom Method is currently a popular pedagogical approach that utilizes instructional technology combining face to face learning with online learning. This has a number of advantages: it allows learners to access materials online at any time or place and engages learners in a more active, constructivist learning environment. However, it poses challenges for teachers and students who are more used to a conventional approach to teaching and learning because it challenges a traditional teacher-student relationship where the teacher is seen as the central authority for knowledge and learning. Moreover, it requires a lot of effort on the part of the teacher to prepare all the online resources. The researchers conducted a quasi-experiment with an undergraduate course called 'Curriculum and Instruction' that lasted five weeks. The purpose was to see the effects of blended learner-led learning on students’ motivation, interaction and academic achievement. The results show that blended learner-led learning had a statistically significant impact on all three for the experimental group. Consequently, it represents a viable alternative for instructors seeking a constructivist pedagogy that maintains adab and respect for the teacher
BRAND PERSONALITY FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF AAKER’S MODEL
No full textCurrent challenges reflect intense competition in the market and low switching cost of customers. For any brand to be appealing and ultimately profitable, it necessitates differentiation in comparison with other brands. Marketers engage in various differentiation techniques such as Aaker’s brand personality model. Aaker’s model contains five dimensions (sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggedness) along with 42 underlying aspects. Brand personality helps in developing customer-brand relationship, brand image, and brand commitment. Extensive research has been done based on the above model yet several scholars have criticised it based on issues such as generalizability across countries and cultures. Religion being an important part of culture has also been ignored in the brand personality domain. This research proposes an Islamic brand personality model, which not only looks into the dimensions, but also examines the underlying aspects based on the Qur’an, hadith and the scholarly work of both traditional and modern Muslim scholars. This paper found that the Islamic brand personality model contains two new dimensions, namely trustworthiness and justice in addition to the existing dimensions. This model can benefit any Islamic brand (Islamic bank, Islamic Insurance company etc.) to differentiate itself from others, especially from conventional brands in order to develop a potentially larger Muslim consumer market
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE OF FAMILY-OWNED FIRMS AND DEBT FINANCING. EVIDENCE ON SHARI’AH-COMPLIANT FIRMS IN MALAYSIA
No full textThis study examines the impact of ownership structure on the debtfinancing of 556 Shari’ah compliant firms in Malaysia from2000-2015. This study reveals that the nature of family-owned firmsdoes have great influence in the debt financing decisions and beingclosely guided by the Shari’ah principles with the restriction imposedon the debt consumption level allowed seem to have significant effecton the debt financing of Shari’ah-compliant firms understudy as well.Fear of the dilution of controlling power over the firms for thesefamily owned and the characteristics of Shari’ah-compliant beinggoverned by certain Shari’ah regulation have significant influence ondebt consumption in the capital structure. Certain significantdeterminants seem to enhance the unique nature of these firmsregarding the debt financing decision. This study contributes to theliterature by providing insights of the factors affecting the debtfinancing of family owned, Shari’ah-compliant firms in Malaysia
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE ON THE RELIGIOUS, ETHICAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF PARTICIPANTS: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
No full textPoverty is considered one of the basic problems confronted by thedeveloping and underdeveloped countries of the world includingMuslim majority countries like Pakistan. During the last twodecades, microfinance institutions have been rapidly established allaround the world on the premise that they can alleviate poverty.These institutions open new horizons of economic development. Butmajority of Muslim populace yearn for Islamic products overconventional microfinance products on account of religiousinjunctions against paying interest. This paper attempts to analyzethe multilevel impact of Islamic microfinance on two Pakistani cities(Multan and Lahore) poor population. This has three dimensions at(i) household level, (ii) enterprise level and (iii) religious, social &ethical levels. Primary data has been collected from the programparticipants of microfinance institutions in Pakistan, Akhuwat andWasil Foundations, by employing cross-sectional design withstratified random sampling method. Pearson’s Chi-Square χ2, YatesContinuity Correction, Cramer’s V (φ) and Odds Ratio are used toquantify the difference between established clients (more than oneyear) and new clients (less than one year). The results of the studysupport the wide literature on a belief that microfinance cansignificantly improve the socio-economic and religious status of theparticipants
ADOPTING AL-HIKR LONG TERM LEASE FINANCING FOR WAQF AND STATE LANDS IN MALAYSIA TO PROVIDE AFFORDABLE PUBLIC HOUSING
Get PDFThis concept paper provides a practical, policy solution to deliveraffordable public housing. By evaluating price-to-income ratios, itanalyzes to what extent housing has become seriously unaffordablein Malaysia. We discuss how the federal government, stategovernments, state Islamic religious councils (SIRCs) as well aspension and investment institutions can participate, by examiningaffordable public housing based on an Ottoman long-term leasestructure (al-Hikr) and subsequently adopted in the development ofwaqf land in Singapore and Malaysia. In Singapore, the HousingDevelopment Board adopted the 99-year leasehold (al-Hikr) conceptand now houses over 80% of its citizens into low-cost state-builthousing. Accordingly, this study adopts case study, library research,documentary analysis and descriptive statistics relating to housingaffordability and construction costs, to provide an Islamic socialfinance solution by adopting al-Hikr for waqf and state lands inMalaysia, to deliver affordable public housing to the bottom 40%(B40) of households by median income