Intellectual Discourse (Journal)
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Towards an Islamic model of work motivation
Full text linkOptimal motivation (al-himmah al-‘āliyyah) is an important concept in Islamic psychology. Current Islamic models predominantly focus on integration with Western theories. This study proposes a synthesised model of Islamic motivation through an interpretive approach of Islamic theological texts (Qur’ān and Sunnah), classical Islamic works, and a systematic analysis of Western academic research. Islamic work motivation focuses on states of the nafs (self): al-nafs al-muṭma’innah (tranquil), al-nafs al-lawwāmah (self-reproaching), and al-nafs al-ammārah bi-al-sū’ (inclined to evil). Tawḥīd (monotheism), mediated by sincerity and Sunnah compliance, drives īmān (belief). Optimal motivation is a result of strengthened īmān moderated by knowledge, patience, reliance, piety, encouragement, and admonishment. The resultant action, integrated with a rewards/punishment system, yields motivated behaviour. Motivated behaviour is classified in three behavioural types: ẓālim li-nafsih (self-oppressive), muqtaṣid (moderate), and sābiq bi-al-khayrāt (foremost in good). Optimal motivation is the state of tranquillity where the individual sincerely strives towards good action. The model provides practitioners with a model that can be used to manage motivation and provides researchers a comprehensive framework of Islamic motivation
Shariah Governance Framework For Islamic Co-Operatives As An Integral Social Insitution In Malaysia
Full text linkIn Malaysia, Islamic cooperatives are recognized as providers of some form of Islamic financial service similar to Islamic Banks and Takaful Operators. An Islamic Co-operative refers to a co-operative conducting activities and businesses based on Shariah principles. Being a non-banking financial institution, its main objective is to enhance social economic welfare of its members. As a form of captive social institution, it enables the less economically privileged members of society to pool resources as a cooperative. Malaysia is spearheading the Islamic banking and finance industry globally by having in place a proper and well-designed legal and regulatory framework for Islamic Financial Institutions, which includes the area of Shariah governance. However, the Shariah governance framework for the Islamic Co-operative in Malaysia is still in its infancy stage. In this paper, this area will be given focus and properly highlighted. Later, comparison will be made with the Shariah governance framework for the Islamic financial institutions. This paper will conclude that the requirements with regard to Shariah governance for the Islamic Co-operative are flexible and not as strict as required for the Islamic financial institutions
A framework for Islamic advertising: Using Lavidge and Steiner’s hierarchy of effects model
Full text linkLavidge and Steiner’s (1961) hierarchy of effects model has strengths in its pragmatism and clarity. It outlines the series of steps consumers take with the purchase of products being the final step. The steps are related to the cognitive, affective and conative components of psychology. Advertisers could use advertising and other marketing communication tools to spur consumers up the steps of the model. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Lavidge and Steiner model from the Islamic perspective and produce a framework of Islamic advertising. This aim arose from the targeting of the growing Muslim market by several advertising campaigns. It also arose from previous research studies that have recommend advertisers be sensitive to the Islamic beliefs of the Muslim target audience in producing effective advertising messages. The model therefore requires an Islamic dimension to guide the production of effective advertisements for Muslims
From Orientalism to neo-Orientalism: Early and contemporary constructions of Islam and the Muslim world
Full text linkThe concept of Orientalism has been widely dealt with in the humanities and social sciences. It helps explain a peculiar construction of the Arab-Muslim world. Orientalism has operated in various historical paradigms but has always emphasised specific Western constructions of the Orient. Nowadays, the concept has metamorphosed to refer to new constructions of the Orient. New representations of Islam and the Muslim world are dominating the Western public space. The aim of this paper is twofold. It explores the historical development and paradigmatic shifts that have affected the concept of Orientalism. It then suggests that a neo-Orientalism has recently emerged, is less territorialised and operating within a new paradigm. It holds a new ideologically motivated agenda, constructs new objects, and feeds the social phenomenon called Islamophobia
Regular charity giving behaviour among low-income households in Indonesia
Full text linkHow can a person in financial difficulty solve his problems? Islam gives the paradoxical solution of giving charity: the more you give, the more you get. Low-income earners should be encouraged to give charity as a means to free themselves from financial difficulties. This paper investigates the charity giving behaviour of low-income groups using an empirical study of factors affecting their regular charity giving. A total of 101 low-income households with monthly incomes of around USD80 in Jakarta were interviewed using the administered questionnaire approach. The data were analysed using logistic regression. The results highlight specific factors that significantly influence regular charity giving behaviour among the low-income households in Indonesia. This study hopes to provide important inputs to the relevant authorities and society on how to educate low-income households to manage their financial resources