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Overtrust in Algorithms: An online behavioral study on trust and reliance in AI advice
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Understanding Freedom in the Age of Machines: What Does It Mean to Be Digitally Free?
Get PDFThe 21st century has ushered in a spate of disruptive digital technologies that are enabling us to exercise our freedoms in new ways. But with these new freedoms come new challenges, new ways in which these technologies are actually making us unfree, and we still don’t have a full picture of what that means. So how are we to engage with these technologies in the meantime? I will not suggest that we get rid of them, but I will explore the idea that we can exercise our freedoms not only by using these technologies but also by choosing not to use them. But that in turn raises a new question, namely: What exactly is this negative freedom from digital technologies, and how plausibly can we exercise it? In exploring this question, I consider the language of rights that has been used to articulate this negative freedom—with a focus on the rights set forth in data-protection, labour, and administrative law—suggesting that while these rights are far from the perfect tool for exercising our freedom from digital technologies, they nonetheless can go a long way toward that end
A five-step ethical decision-making model for self-driving vehicles: Which (ethical) theories could guide the process and what values need further investigation?
Get PDFBy choosing a specific trajectory (especially in accident situations), self-driving vehicles (SDVs) will implicitly distribute risks among traffic participants and induce the determination of traffic victims. Acknowledging the normative significance of SDVs’ programming, policymakers and scholars have conceptualized what constitutes ethical decision-making for SDVs. Based on these insights and requirements formulated in contemporary literature and policy drafts, this article proposes a five-step ethical decision model for SDVs during hazardous situations. In particular, this model states a clear sequence of steps, indicates the guiding (ethical) theories that inform each step, and points out a list of values that need further investigation. This model, although not exhaustive and resolute, aims to contribute to the scholarly debate on computational ethics (especially in the field of autonomous driving) and serves practitioners in the automotive sector by providing a decision-making process for SDVs during hazard situations that approximates compliance with ethical theories, shared principles and policymakers’ demands. In the future, assessing the actual impact, effectiveness and admissibility of implementing the here sketched theories, values and process requires an empirical evaluation and testing of the overall decision-making model
Digital Transformations of Democracy: Requirements for Successful Problem Solving in the Age of Anthropocene
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Do we have Procreative Obligations to AI Superbeneficiaries?
Get PDFThis paper concerns itself primarily with questions about our obligations to AI superbeneficiaries – entities with inherently valuable interests that exceed those of humans in terms of quality and/or quantity. Specifically, this paper deals with questions about whether we have any obligations to bring AI superbeneficiaries into existence, especially if it turns out that human well-being might very well be at stake. I employs an anti-natalist argument to establish that we have all-things-considered moral obligations against bringing AI superbeneficiaries into existence because of the existential risk they pose to their own survival as well as to the survival of humanity