Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
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Determination of alteration zones applying fractal modeling and Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) method in Saryazd porphyry copper system, central Iran
No full textThe target of this research is recognition of the alteration zones utilizing concentration-area fractal methodology according to the reflection of the main minerals of each alteration zone that enhanced by Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) Method due to Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images in Saryazd porphyry system, central Iran. The alterations and mineralization are developed in Eocene volcanics. Remote sensing results achieved by the SFF method and Concentration-Area (C-A) fractal modeling represent different parts of propylitic, argillic and phyllic alteration zones due to their intensity and pixel values. In addition, the results reveal that there is a ring-shaped structure in the alteration zones, which are correlated with results, derived from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses and field observations
Paleoecological investigation of the Miocene (23.03-5.33 mya) rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Anatolia
No full textAnatolia’s geographical location as a land bridge between Europe, Asia, and Africa, makes it an important passage for mammal migrations, with a rich fossil potential. However, detailed scientific studies on the Neogene paleogeography of Anatolia are scarce. Rodentia is among the major mammal groups generally adapting to different habitat types and rapidly evolving with the changing geography. Investigating this group provides data to increase the accuracy of ecological analyses. We selected Rodentia fossils from the Miocene excavation sites with published papers, and examined specimens of 14 families from 106 localities. Cricetidae, Muridae, Gliridae, and Sciuridae were found to be most dominant rodent families in Anatolia during the Early Miocene, indicating a high humidity, whereas ecological changes towards the end of this epoch led to a complex formation in the biogeography of micromammals. In the Middle Miocene, a 65% decrease in Muridae, the emergence of Eomyidae, and a significant increase in Spalacidae suggest a climate shift, towards tropical or semi-tropical conditions. In the Late Miocene, Muridae regaining its maximum level and becoming the most crowded family may indicate an unexpected rise in humidity, while the stable prevalence of Eomyidae and Castoridae point to the continuity of aquatic environments and humidity
The potential, utilization and development of geothermal energy in Türkiye
No full textGeothermal energy is a natural resource that can be utilized directly or by converting to other types of energy. Considering the diversity of the geological structure of Türkiye, the geothermal systems have developed depending on young tectonic and volcanic active rock. Western and Central Anatolia are especially rich in geothermal resources. The geothermal well with the hottest wellbottom temperature was drilled in Central Anatolia, and the well-bottom temperature was measured as 341°C at a depth of 3845 meters. In 2022, Türkiye’s electricity generation capacity and the total installed direct heat use reached 1663 MWe and 5113 MWt, respectively. Considering Anatolia’s Curie depth and heat flux, the probable thickness of the batholith can be regarded as 10 km. For example, the total granitoid area of Western Anatolia is 4221 km2 and at least 2% of this granitoid can provide approximately 8x107 MWh of electricity by Enhanced Deep Geothermal Systems (EDGS). When all granites in Türkiye are considered, it is expected that the future capacity of Türkiye will be much higher with drilling research and development studies and the discovery of new fields. This capacity will exceed 100.000 MWt levels in the medium term, especially with the addition of EDGSs
Magnetic anisotropy of a sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole (Mersin ophiolite, Türkiye)
No full textThe Mersin ophiolite of southern Turkey is a well-exposed, Late Cretaceous, Neo-Tethyan suprasubduction zone ophiolite. It is underlain by metamorphic sole rocks inferred to have formed at the top of a down-going plate during subduction. These have a well-developed foliation and lineation observable in the field (defined by the preferred orientations of hornblende and plagioclase crystals). Here we present the first magnetic fabric data reported from the Mersin ophiolite with such settings. Anisotropy of low field magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids in sampled amphibolites have clustered, NW-plunging minimum principal axes representing poles to a SE-dipping magnetic foliation that aligns with the macroscopic metamorphic foliation plane seen in the field. Maximum AMS principal axes define a SE-plunging magnetic lineation that is parallel to the macroscopic metamorphic lineation. Oblate magnetic fabrics at specimen-level and an overall triaxial fabric at locality-level in these rocks are consistent with the development of the dominant metamorphic fabric by a combination of pure shear flattening and simple shearing during the formation and exhumation of the Mersin sole rocks. These observations are compatible with a recent tectonic model for the evolution of the ophiolite based on paleomagnetic data that invokes flattening and exhumation of the down-going slab in an incipient subduction zone during supra-subduction zone spreading
Estimating the recurrence of earthquakes with statistical methods in the city of Bingöl, Eastern Turkey: a district-based approach
No full textThis study discusses the temporal distribution of earthquake magnitudes in the city of Bingöl, near Karlıova Triple Junction. We determine the probability distributions and return periods of earthquakes for all districts of Bingöl. Bingöl has eight districts; namely Adaklı, Central, Genç, Karlıova, Kiğı, Solhan, Yayladere, and Yedisu. In six of them, active faults were mapped previously (Adaklı, Central, Genç, Karlıova, Solhan, and Yedisu). We consider 5 time-dependent probability distributions for analysis. Using the annual maximum earthquake magnitudes, the best fit arises from the Gumbel distribution for Central, Karlıova, and Adaklı Districts. For the Genç District, where the least maximum earthquake magnitude is reported, the Weibull distribution gives the best fit. The return period and maximum annual earthquake magnitude relations suggest the following results. For the Central and Karlıova Districts along which maximum earthquake magnitudes are reported, every 250 years a 6.7 M, and 7.2 M occurs respectively. These results are compatible with the results of paleo-seismological data reported along the NAFZ and the EAFZ. For a 10-year return period, earthquake magnitudes reach 3.9 and 5.1 in all districts. It is important to note that in the Yedisu District, the maximum earthquake magnitudes seem as 5.1 M for the 1000-year return period, incompatible with previously published findings probably because of low quality seismic data in this region
Neotectonics of the Sarıköy-İnova and Çan-Bayramiç-Ezine fault zones: basin formation, age and slip rates, NW Anatolia-Türkiye
No full textThe Sarıköy-İnova and the Çan-Bayramiç-Ezine fault zones (SIFZ, ÇBEFZ) comprise the southern strand of the North Anatolian Fault System in the Biga Peninsula. They are located in the area between Sarıköy to northeast and the Dalyan settlement around Bozcaada in the North Aegean Sea to southwest. Both of the fault zones are active. This is evidenced by the 6 March 1737 (Ms =7.0) İnova, 1st February 1809 Hurma (Ms = 6.1), and the 8 February 1826 Güllüce (Ms = 6.2) historical earthquakes resulted from these fault zones. Maximum lengths of fault segments comprising the SIFZ and the ÇBEFZ are 14 km and 15 km, respectively. Based on the maximum lengths of fault segments, the magnitude of the peak earthquakes to be originated from these faults are Mw = 6.3 and 6.6, respectively. Based on both the geological and geographic markers, the total right lateral offsets accumulated on the SIFZ and ÇBEFZ are 12 km and 20 km, respectively. These offset values imply to the slip rates of 4.6 mm/yr and 7.7 mm/yr, respectively. Five pull-apart basins were developed on both fault zones. These are the Sarıköy, İnova, Kazabat, Çan and Ezine-Bayramiç basins. The first three of them are pure strike-slip pull-apart basins, while the type of the rest basins is superimposed. The angular unconformity between the nondeformed basin fill of Quaternary age and the folded to thrust-faulted basement rocks of pre-Quaternary age reveals strongly that the pull-apart basins have formed during the Quaternary time. This relationship also reveals that the commencement age of the strike-slip neotectonic regime and formation of associated fault zones are the Early Quaternary. This work was dedicated to the retirement memory of Dr. Fuat Şaroğlu
Erratum: Paleoecological investigation of the Miocene (23.03-5.33 mya) rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Anatolia
No full textErratum: In the article of Vural, H., Özkurt, Ş. Ö. 2023. Paleoecological investigation of the Miocene (23.03-5.33 mya) rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Anatolia. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 170, 15-30 (doi: https://doi.org/10.19111/ bulletinofmre.1139009), there are several uncited or quoted passages. For this, the authors apologise to the readers. In this paper, additional explanations are reported and necessary corrections are made in defective parts of the article
GIS-based analytical hierarchy process, weight of evidence and logistic regression models for the landslide susceptibility predicting in Echorfa Region (northwestern of Algeria)
No full textThe main objective of this study is destined to combine the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Weight of Evidence (WOE), Logistic Regression (LR) methods and geographic information system (GIS) to predict landslide susceptibility of the Echorfa region (northwestern of Algeria). Nine factors such as slope, aspect, lithology, distance to faults, lineaments density, distance to the streams, precipitations, land use and altitude are included in landslide susceptibility evaluation process. A detailed landslide inventory map was established by satellite images and filed surveys. Three landslide susceptibility maps are established using the different statistical models. Five landslide susceptibility categories are generated by the GSI classification nil, low, moderate, high and very high susceptibility. The performance of the different models in landslide susceptibility is calculated based in the area under curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) which give a satisfactory result. The results showed that the WOE is more performance than the two other techniques. The produced landslide susceptibility maps provide important spatial information about landslide prone area, where the constructed map’s content will help the decision makers in land use planning
Integration of structural, hydrogeological and thermal remote sensing data for the determination of geothermal capacity: Edremit (Balıkesir) Basin as a case study
No full textBasins formed on active strike-slip faults are important prospect areas for geothermal energy exploration since the crust gets thinner in these areas and tectonic structures provide favorable conditions for heat-fluid circulation and transportation. The objective of the recent study is to evaluatethe geothermal capacity of the Edremit Basin utilizing tectonic, geological, and hydrogeological studies, combining remote sensing (land surface temperature-LST, hydrothermal alteration, and multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) assessments). We present structural literature data and the results of field mapping, which revealed the geometry, kinematics, and dynamics of structural features, geological units as geothermal system components, thermal and cold water chemistry, and thermal infrared remote sensing analysis. For the purpose of assessing new targets and recent geothermal capacity, these data are combined and evaluated. According to the outcomes of the study, the fault pattern in the Edremit Basin is generated by N-S extension, which produced E-W dominant striking normal faults with a heritage of paleostructures oriented in various directions. According to remote sensing analyses, the primary LST regions in the basin are defined by the active faults. Therefore, a high sodium sulfate ratio recorded in the chemical analyses of the water samples indicates a deep circulation and high possibility for the presence of thermal water. Consequently, our findings are consistent with the work to include thorough field geology surveys, structural patterns, LST, and water chemistry to refined exploration process. All these results indicated that Edremit (Balıkesir) Basin holds a great promise for the discovery of new geothermal energy sources
TÜBİTAK 1MV Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Designed for 14C, 10Be, 26Al, 41Ca, 129I
No full textA 1 MV Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was installed at TÜBİTAK, MRC Türkiye in December 2015. The 1MV TÜBİTAK AMS system is based on a Pelletron tandem accelerator, operating up to 1.1MV. Built by National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC), its design was unique during production time. The TÜBİTAK 1MV AMS is based on the design of an XCAMS 0.5MV AMS also produced by NEC, but with a higher energy tandem accelerator. The higher energy accelerator features better precision (1% or less) for 10Be measurements. This new AMS also has larger magnets than the XCAMS. Larger magnets make it possible to measure 41Ca and 129I at the two-anode gasionization detector. In this article, the technical features; the parameters of ion source, terminal and other operations, and measurement quality are explained for accomplished performance of the five isotopic ratios, 14C/12C, 10Be/9Be, 26Al/27Al, 41Ca/40Ca, 129I/127I. The five years of data for 14C/12C ratio measurement quality control are represented as well