Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (BMRE)
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DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW FAMILIES, THREE NEW SPECIES AND RE-DESCRIPTION OF FOUR KNOWN GENERA AND ONE SUBFAMILY FROM THE LARGER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA OF PALEOCENE IN TURKEY
No full textTwo new foraminiferal families are introduced as follows: the Anatoliellidae (type genus Anatoliella Sirel) in the superfamily Ataxophragmiacea Schwager and the family Bolkarinidae (type genus Bolkarina Sirel) in the superfamily Orbitoidacea Schwager. Three new species of Paleocene are described and figured as follows: Ranikothalia polatliensis, Nurdanella paleocenica, Periloculina yilmazi. In addition, four known Paleocene genera such as Bolkarina Sirel, Globoflarina Rahaghi, Nurdanella Özgen and Coskinon Hottinger and Drobne and subfamily Globoflarininae are redescribed
THE TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC FEATURES OF METAMORPHITES IN ALACAHAN-ÇETİNKAYA REGION (KANGAL, SIVAS)
No full textThe study area covers Alacahan, Çetinkaya and Kangal regions. Allochthonous and autochthonous rock units are present in the region. Metamorphic rocks exposed in the region have been studied in detail as formation and member and have been incorporated into the Bolkardağ Nappe. Bolkardağ nappe which deposited in Late Devonian-Late Cretaceous and metamorphosed in green schist facies, has been distinguished into Late Devonian Düzce formation, Carboniferous Kınalar formation, late Permian Çayderesi formation, (?)Middle/Late Triassic-Cretaceous Kayaköy formation and Cretaceous Karaböğürtlen formation from base to top. The quartzites found at the base of the Kınalar formation and metaconglomerates at the base of the Karaböğürtlen formation has been defined as ‘Bakırtepe Member’ and ‘meta-conglomerate Member’ respectively. Bolkardağ Nappe internally has numbers of imbricated structures. Yeşiltaşyayla complex consisting of blocks and slices of Gülbahar nappe, Güneş ophiolite and Munzur nappe overlies the Bolkardağ nappe with a tectonic contact. On the other hand Hekimhan formation, Kangal formation, Yamadağ group volcanics, Göbekören basalts and Plio-Quaternary cover units overlie the Bolkardağ nappe with an angular unconformity
MARINE MICRO AND MACRO FAUNAS OF HOLOCENE DEPOSITS OF ANADOLU HİSARI (ANATOLIAN CASTLE, BOSPHORUS) AND THE PRESENCE OF XANTHO PORESSA (OLIVI) (Crustacea: Decapoda: XanthIdae)
No full textThe presence of Xantho poressa (Olivi), known as the recent fossil, from Crustacea- Decapoda in Holocene deposits of Anadolu Hisarı has been revealed inthis study. This crab species is known as ranging from Mediterranean Sea to Black Sea and from Canary Islands to Portugal in Northeast Atlantic within depths of 0-15 meters in tidal and shallow subtidal environments. Remnants of broken crab shells with benthic foraminifera, ostracoda, bryozoan, pelecypoda and gastropoda were found in 78 samples which were collected from different levels of 8 of the cores taken from the basement of Küçüksu Palace at the Anadolu Hisarı. It was determined that the remnants of these crabs belonged to Xantho poressa (Olivi). 14C value from the bottom levels of deposits of the investigation area was estimated as 6.644±48 BP. It is understood that this carp type and the other faunal assemblage reflecting the Mediterranean and Black Sea assemblages investigated in the study area had been continuing their lives within the same environmental conditions for 6.644 years
A NEW MEDIUM TO HIGH ENTHALPY GEOTHERMAL FIELD IN AEGEAN REGION (AKYAR) MENDERES – SEFERİHİSAR – İZMİR, WESTERN ANATOLIA, TURKEY
No full textThis study was performed considering that low to medium enthalpy geothermal areas are important besides the geothermal fields with high temperature located in Western Anatolia for heating, thermal tourism and agricultural applications. It was also aimed at obtaining fluids at high temperature in areas which were observed at a temperature relatively lower than the surface temperature. The study area is located at a region between the towns of Menderes and Seferihisar to the south-southwest of Izmir. This is a multidisciplinary investigation which obtained fluids and studied the geothermal energy potential of the area. Field studies were finalized carrying out geological prospection and detailed geological prospection, hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, geophysical and drilling studies which formed a potential for geothermal energy. As a result of these studies, the fluid with a flow rate of 104 tons per hour and a temperature of 141,18oC was obtained in the form of vapor + water with compressor machine. This fluid was obtained at a depth of 1215,50 m in the conducted exploratory drilling around Akyar Tepe. It was seen that the fluid obtained is sodium chloride type water and consists of a mixture of hot spring, surface water and marine water. This, which had been known as the low temperature field was introduced as a medium-high enthalpy geothermal system
THE AIRBORNE MAGNETIC SIGNATURE OF GÖKOVA GULF
No full textGökova gulf situated in the Aegian extension zone in Turkey has been considered very interesting for numerous research workers. Gökova gulf is located in the N-S regional extentional tectonic regime. N-S extension of western Anatolia initiated development of E-W extended grabens here. The bay extends 100 km E-W and 25 km N-S directions. Datça peninsula is in the south, Bodrum peninsula is located in the north of the Gökova gulf. In recent years ‘Full Tensor Gradiometer Potential Field’ methods (FTG) has found a practice area in between the gravimetric and magnetic methods. In the past as it was in the gravimetric methods vertical component of the magnetic field measurments used to be recorded. In recent years total field (x, y, z components) measurments have become more applicable. This method has been applied to the airborne magnetic field data. Total magnetic data components of the airborne survey have been calculated and FTG method has been used. Gökova gulf is seismicly very active. There is a magnetic anomaly recorded in the Gökova gulf. To be able to bring a new outlook to the geology of the bay, the magnetic anomaly has been analysed by using ‘Full Tensor Magnetic Gradiometer’ (FTG) method. At first Tx, Ty, Tz magnetic field components of the airborne anomaly have been calculated. To the calculated components Txx, Txy, Txz, Tyy, Tyz, Tzz derivatives have been applied to have an impression of the geological feature causing the anomaly. The anomaly in the bay indicated that ultramafic rocks, ophiolitic melange in the Datça peninsula continue under the sea to the Gökova gulf. Data indicate that northern boundary of the peridotites continues up to about 9 km to the northern coast of the bay. The method is considered to be useful to help mapping of the geological features with different magnetic sensitivities
THE CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES OF THE NORTHWEST ANATOLIAN HALLOYSITES/KAOLINITES
No full textThe extraction and characterization studies were carried out on representative samples which were taken from iron bearing parts of halloysite, halloysite/kaolin deposits located in Çanakkale – Balıkesir vicinities in Northwest Anatolia. Halloysites in these samples are generally in the form of hydro halloysite (10 Å) and kaolinite could also be encountered in some parts. Minerals for primary source of pollution in halloysite and kaolin deposits are limonite (geothite) and muscovite. These minerals might contain clay minerals such as; quartz, feldspar, gibbsite, smectite and anatase in their structures. The iron content of the clays can be reduced signifi cantly by hydrochloric or oxalic acid treatments. Transmission electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses on Halloysite samples were carried out and it was noticed that halloysite tubes were in cylindrical shape, and in some cases; pores on their surfaces could be observed as a structural feature. In samples studied, tube lengths were measured up to 5 μm by means of SEM analyses, however; TEM analyses have indicated that internal diameters of tubes could decrease down to 5nm and their average diameters ranged in between 40 – 50 nm
AN APPROACH TO PROVENANCE, TECTONIC AND REDOX CONDITIONS OF JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS AKKUYU FORMATION, CENTRAL TAURIDS, TURKEY
No full textLate Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Akkuyu formation was deposited on marine carbonate platform in Central Tarurids. The organic material of the unit is composed of Type III kerogen which is woody material transported from the land. Late Jurassic- Early Cretaceous is an important period which great anoxic events in deep sea bottom occurred due to the primary organic productivity in global sea surface. Use of several trace elements values (Ni, V, U, Cr, Co, Th) revealed that Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Akkuyu formation shows oxic, disoxic and anoxic paleoredox conditions. In this period the primary productivity was considerably high. Examination of specimen derived from Akkuyu formation revealed that there exist a very good positive relationship between the major oxides of Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, and K2O. These combinations of major oxides indicate a detrital origin of source rock. Chemical weathering evaluations of Central Taurids in Jurassic-Cretaceous period indicated moderate and strong weathering of source rock. K2O/Na2O versus SiO2; SiO2/Al2O3 versus K2O/Na2O; Al2O3/ SiO2 versus Fe2O3 + MgO ve TiO2 versus Fe2O3 + MgO diagrams indicated that Akkuyu formation was deposited along active and/or passive continental margin and derived from basalt and basalt+granite mixed rocks.
ILICA BAY (ÇEŞME-İZMİR) BENTHIC FORMINIFER-OSTRACOD ASSEMBLAGES AND PACIFIC OCEAN – RED SEA ORIGINATED FORAMINIFERA AND ABNORMAL INDIVIDUALS
No full textThe hot water submarine spring which is located at a depth of 2.50 m on Yıldız Cape, Ilıca Cove (Cesme-Izmir) was investigated for its recent benthic foraminifer assemblage. 38 surface sediment samples have been collected on 3 transects. The Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea originated benthic foraminifers were abundantly observed. The identifi ed species are Nodopthalmidium antillarum (Cushman), Spiroloculina antillarum d’Orbigny, Triloculina fi chteliana d’Orbigny, Euthymonacha polita (Chapman), Coscinospira acicularis (Batsch), Peneroplis arietinus (Batsch), Amphisorus hemprichii Ehrenberg, Sorites orbiculus Ehrenberg, Cymbaloporetta plana (Cushman). Beside these species, Peneroplis arietinus (Batsch), Spiroloculina antillarum d’Orbigny, Triloculina cf. fi chteliana d’Orbigny and Cymbaloporetta plana (Cushman) which were recorded on the SW coasts of Antalya are also found in this region. Euthymonacha polita (Chapman) which was fi rst recorded in Gulf of Kuşadası is also abundant in Ilıca Cove. This observation shows a northward spread of this species. Coscinospira acicularis (Batsch) is a SW Pacifi c originated species which is also found in Gulf of Aqaba, north of Red Sea. It is a typical immigrant species inhabiting the Ilıca Cove. This is the fi rst record of this species both for the Mediteeranean and Aegean Sea. Amphistegina lobifera Larsen is abundantly found around the two submarine springs in Gulf of Kuşadası, which is located on the south of Ilıca Cove. It is also recorded on the NW coasts of Karaburun Peninsula which is north to the study area. However, Amphistegina lobifera Larsen is absent in Ilıca Cove, which constitutes the most important fi nding of this study. Si, Mg and Mo concentrations were found to be high in the tests of some of the colored Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel ve Moll) individuals. But, rare earth elements, such as, Tc, Pa, Ru and Mo were observed in tests obtained from some sampling points
ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHİCAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KARLIOVA HALIFAN (BINGOL) COALS
No full textIn this study, petrographic and organic geochemical characteristics of the Tertiary Karlıova-Halifan coals (Bingöl) were investigated. Determination of coal quality was based on chemical (moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash) and elemental analyses (C, H, O, S, N). The values of the huminite reflectances in organic matter-rich coal levels change between 0.368 and 0.573 %, which correspond to low maturity levels. These parameters are in good aggrement with their fluorescence colors, calorific value (average original-2266, dry-3177 Kcal/kg, upper calorific value) and average Tmax (417oC) values. The organic material in studied coals show low grade transformation due to low lithostatic pressure. Therefore, the petrographic characteristics and quality values of Karlıova Halifan coals suggest classification as sub-bituminous coal – Lignite. Rock Eval analysis results point to an immature to early mature hydrocarbon generation for hydrocarbon derivatives formed by type II/III and III kerogen with average Tmax values of 417oC. The coals mainly constitute huminites, with small amounts of inertinite and liptinite type macerals. The Karlıova Halifan coals have high contents of ash and sulphur , clay and calcites as minerals, and gelinites as individual macerals