Biomedicine (Journal)
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Early post-surgical recurrence of metastatic vertebral neuro-endocrine tumour treated effectively with chemo-radiotherapy
No full textAwareness on breast cancer screening in Malaysia: a cross sectional study
No full textIntroduction: The increasing rate of breast cancer (BC) incidence in Malaysia hints a lack of awareness among Malaysians. One (1) woman out of nineteen (19) is at risk with BC and almost up to fifty percent (50%) of women diagnosed with BC were reported to be under the age of fifty (50). Our main concern is to study the level of awareness among the women on risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, preventions and treatments.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted exclusively among women in the public with total sample of three hundred and forty six (346), questionnaires were distributed using a simple random technique. Data was collected and analyzed by studentTtest in SPPS version 20.
Results: Our study reveals insufficient awareness on BC. Overall, awareness on risk factors is inadequate, but good knowledge on the importance of family history and diet as risk factors are discovered. Awareness on the cause and clinical manifestations of BC is required for improvement. As for treatment, alternatives especially surgery and chemotherapy are unclear to public, public is remotely unwitting on cessation of smoking to prevent BC at the early stage.
Conclusion: Malaysian has spaces for improvement on awareness of BC in terms of risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Early detection can be achieved with good awareness because it leads to better prognosis and lower mortality
Loss of tyrosine 211 phosphorylation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) enhances postnatal mammary gland development
No full textThe intricately orchestrated progression of mammary tissue development involves the precise coordination of gland differentiation and cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, the understanding of the role and regulatory mechanisms governing the DNA replication machinery in mammary gland development remains limited. Given the essential role of DNA replication in the viability of living cells, any genetic disturbance to its replicative function, in any form, will impede organ development. This circumstance poses a technical challenge in elucidating the potential function of cell proliferation in mammary morphogenesis. PCNA is crucial in DNA replication, playing a pivotal role in the development of complete eukaryotic organisms. The phosphorylation of PCNA at tyrosine 211 (Y211) has been demonstrated to play a significant role in supporting replication forks and, consequently, cell proliferation. Therefore, the utilization of a knock-in mouse model, wherein the Y211 residue of PCNA is replaced with phenylalanine (211F), presents an opportunity to evaluate the impact of reduced cell proliferation potential on mammary gland development. Interestingly, the lack of Y211 phosphorylation did not significantly impact the rates of proliferation or cell death in the mammary gland. In contrast, the absence of Y211PCNA led to an increased, rather than reduced, growth of the mammary gland. This was evident in assessments of gland length and the number of terminal end buds (TEBs) in both postnatal and virgin mammary glands. Notably, this observation correlated with an elevation in tissue stemness within the 211F glands compared to the WT glands. Additionally, it was consistent with the greater body weight gains observed in 211F pups compared to WT pups during the weaning period. Our findings unveil an unexpected aspect that may carry significance for mammary development. This newfound is associated with the regulation of a central component within the DNA replication machinery, providing insights into the intricate interplay governing mammary tissue expansion.
Keyword: mammary gland; PCNA; phosphorylatio
Acute Kidney Injury induced Lithium Toxicity with Concomitant Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
No full textLithium, despite being an indispensable agent in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, has a narrow therapeutic index and needs to be carefully administered. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare but potentially fatal complication due to central dopaminergic blockade. This case report illustrates the challenges in lithium therapy particularly related to the development of NMS when further risk factors such as polypharmacy and dehydration are present. We report a case of a 50-year-old man with underlying bipolar affective disorder who was previously able to tolerate olanzapine and lithium well, however developed chronic lithium toxicity due to diminished lithium elimination in acute kidney injury following a two-week history of viral acute gastroenteritis. He also developed NMS which could either be triggered independently by olanzapine; lithium toxicity; or attributed by a synergistic combination from lithium and olanzapine which led to an enhanced neurotoxicity in an already unstable dopaminergic pathway. Fluid therapy and supportive care allowed the patient to recover, and he was discharged well with a lower potency neuroleptic with slow dose titration.
Keywords: Bipolar disorder; Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases; Lithium toxicity; NM
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor -460 C/T BstUI Gene Polymorphism is associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
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