Biomedicine (Journal)
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Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of CXCR4 Expression in Osteosarcoma: A Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: The C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor (CXCR4) is an oncogene that has been widely studied and associated with worse clinicopathological features and prognosis outcomes in many types of cancer. Besides that, significance of CXCR4 expression on clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in osteosarcoma (OS) requires further validation.
Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between positive CXCR4 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in OS.
Methods: Literature searches on Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were conducted systematically up to December 2021 to find relevant references. The effects of CXCR4 expression on clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). A significance value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: By considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 940 patients from 12 studies were suitable for qualitative analysis, and 10 studies were suitable for quantitative analysis. Association between CXCR4 expression and OS clinicopathological features was found significant on metastasis (OR= 4.01, 95%CI= 1.58-10.18; p= 0.003), stage (stage III & IV vs I & II, OR= 6.52, 95%CI= 1.05-40.62; p= 0.04), and tumor primary site (femur/tibia vs other, OR= 1.60, 95%CI= 1.04-2.45; p= 0.03), but not associated with histological type, gender, and age. Furthermore, CXCR4 expression is associated with poor overall survival in OS (HR= 2.13, 95%CI= 1.78-2.55; p \u3c0.001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of our meta-analysis suggest that CXCR4 expression may be valuable as a histopathological predictor of poor clinicopathological features and prognosis of OS
The effect of ghrelin on antioxidant status in the rat’s model of Alzheimer\u27s disease induced by amyloid-beta
No full textAlzheimer\u27s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque formation and oxidative stress in the brain. Ghrelin has been proven to exert antioxidant activity and neuroprotection in different neurological diseases. This study is going on to examine the effect of ghrelin on antioxidant status in the rat’s model of AD induced by Aβ. Cognitive impairment was induced by intra-hippocampal administration of Aβ (10 µg) in Wistar rats and ghrelin (80 μg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneal for ten consecutive days. Behavior was assessed with Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a marker of lipid peroxidation was assessed using the thiobarbituric acid. Catalase activity was assayed by the decomposition of H2O2. Antioxidant capacity was determined using the FRAP method. Treatment with ghrelin decreased the hippocampus and serum MDA levels in wild-type rodents and prevented an increase in hippocampal and serum MDA levels in animals receiving Aβ. There was no significant change in the serum catalase activity between the studied groups. Hippocampus catalase activity was reduced in the Aβ group and treatment with ghrelin increased it. The antioxidant capacity of the hippocampus and serum increased in the ghrelin-receiving control group. The hippocampus antioxidant capacity level decreased in the Aβ group, and treatment with ghrelin increased it, but there were no significant changes in the serum antioxidant capacity of animals receiving Aβ. These results provide evidence that the administration of ghrelin has antioxidant properties and protects against hippocampal lipid peroxidation in a rat model of AD
Anti-Herpes Virus Activity Of Lactobacillus’ Postbiotics
No full textBackground: Recently, various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their post-metabolites, have shown many positive effects on human and animal welfare. They appear to be beneficial in different disorders and pathological conditions, including in a broad-spectrum of infectious diseases.
Aim: To estimate in vitro the anti-herpes simplex activity of 11 postbiotic samples (lysates or cell-free supernatants - CFS), produced during the fermentation of six candidate-probiotic Lactobacillus strains, isolated from Bulgarian fermented milk products.
Materials and methods: In vitro protocols for assessment of different LAB samples on the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication, adsorption and virucidal effects were applied using MDBK cells.
Results: Four of the studied LAB samples expressed a statistically significant inhibition of the replication of HSV-1. The highest selective index (79.75) was calculated for the post-metabolites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, followed by a high molecular fraction of cell-derived fragments of Limosilactobacillus fermentum culture (S6) (SI = 34.63), CFS from late exponential L. plantarum (SI = 28.26) and neutralized CFS from L. fermentum (SI = 28.11). Pronounced virucidal activities of the postbiotics S1, S11 (L. fermentum), S3 (L. plantarum) and S6 (L. fermentum) were recorded, too. The inhibitory effect of the majority of the samples on the stage of adsorption of the virus to MDBK cells was remarkable. In addition, almost all of the postbiotics exerted a protective effect on healthy cells and significantly reduced viral yield at subsequent infection.
Conclusion: Pre-selected Lactobacillus strains demonstrated strain-specific effects against HSV-1. These postbiotics influence different stages of viral infection in cell cultures and their promising characteristics are currently evaluated
Ethanol Leaf Extract of Hoslundia opposita in In Vivo Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity Using an Animal Model
No full textIntroduction and aim: The liver is a useful organ that is responsible for the detoxification of harmful substances from the body. Its vital role is of importance hence it should be protected from damages in order to function normally. The management of liver diseases with orthodox medicine has been found to have side effects thus its effective management with folklore has been found better.
Materials and Methods: The leaves of H. oppisota harvested from a forest was processed and extracted with ethanol. The extract concentrations of 100 to 400 mg/ml was used to evaluate acute toxicity, biochemical analysis, in vivo antioxidant and histopathology using an animal model.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and antioxidants potentials of H. opposita
Results: 400 mg/kg was found as the LD50 of the plant extract. A decrease in uric acid, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and bilirubin contents was observed in the single extract-treated mice and the paracetamol-induced but co-administered with extracts, while increased values were observed for protein and albumin contents. The positive control values of ALT, AST, and ALP were 66.74±3.51 IU/L, 68.52±3.63 IU/L, and 342±3.04 IU/L respectively, in the negative control, values were 48.16±3.68 IU/L, 37.46±1.52, and 89.34±2.66 IU/L. A decrease in values was observed for lipid peroxidation in the extract-treated and satellite groups, while, increase values were observed for catalase and glutathione biochemical activities. The overdose of paracetamol, that caused hepatic damages were restored with the ethanol leaf extract over time.
Conclusion: The irregularities in the in vivo biochemical, in vivo antioxidant values and the hepatic damages caused by paracetamol toxicity was regulated on extract treatment. Thereby suggesting its use traditionally for the treatment of liver diseases
Neovasculogenic effect of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid involves the Akt/eNOS signaling pathways in human endothelial progenitor cells
No full textThe 11,12-epoxy-eicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) is formed from arachidonic acid (AA) by cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP 2J2) epoxygenase and function as an effector in blood vessels. Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs), a preceding cell source for endothelial cells (ECs), involve in the vascular tissue repairing by postnatal neovasculogenesis. However, the effect of 11, 12-EET on hEPCs and neovasculogenesis is not well known. In the current study, we examined the function of 11, 12-EET in hEPCs-mediated neovasculogenesis by using tubular formation analysis, Western Blotting assay, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis and zymogram analysis. The results suggest that 11, 12-EET significantly induces neovasculogenesis through the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt, endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) signaling pathways. 11, 12-EET up-regulates the expression of cyclin D1, cyclin –dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins. Moreover, 11, 12-EET augments the expression of VE-cadherin and CD31 proteins in hEPCs. 11, 12-EET also augmented Rac1/ Rho A signaling cascades, cell migration and an up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -2 and -9 proteins. These results demonstrate that 11, 12-EET exerts a significant function in the neovasculogenesis of hEPCs
A study of Apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1) And Interleukin-10(IL-10) In Diabetes With Foot Ulcers
No full textBackground
The high morbidity, mortality and associated economic burden have entailed to identifying early biomarker of diabetic foot ulcers(DFU). Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules play a role in the chronic inflammation associated with diabetic foot ulcers(DFU).
Aim
This study aims to find the association between ApoA1, IL-10, TNF-α and diabetic foot ulcers, and whether their levels can assess the severity of the disease.
Method
Two groups, diabetic mellitus without foot ulcers and diabetes with foot ulcers were recruited for the study. Detailed clinical history was obtained and blood was collected to measure TNF-α, IL-10 and Apo A1. The association between variables was analysed using Pearson correlation test. ROC analysis was used to identify cut-off values of ApoA1, IL-10 and TNF-α in diabetes patients with foot ulcers.
Results
The presence of pro-inflammatory parameter, TNF-α, was higher and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, HDL, ApoA1 and IL-10 were lower in patients of DFU than those without foot ulcers(p
Conclusion
In the light of this study ApoA1 has the potential to predict DFU. The finding proposes IL-10 (b = -0.37,
Comparison between C4d immunohistochemical staining and other clinical- hisopathological findings in IgA nephropathy
No full textIntroduction: IgAN occurs following abnormal IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangial regions. It is the most common primary glomerular disease and one of the causes of CKD-KRT, so it is necessary to identify clinical and histopathological findings that predict progression to CKD-KRT. In the physiopathology of this disease, C4d causes serious renal injuries and should be counted as a significant prognostic factor too. This study examined C4d biomarker and compare it with findings affecting prognosis, to determine the predictive value of the C4d in progression to CKD-KRT in IgAN.
Materials and methods: In this study, all biopsy samples of IgAN patients who referred to Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz were collected retrospectively from March 2015 to September 2019. Their samples were evaluated C4d immunohistochemical staining and positive samples have compared with Clinical-histopathological findings affecting prognosis. Statistical data were analyzed using Spearman and Chi-square correlation tests and mean and standard deviation.
Results:In this study, After analyzing clinical and histological findings of 45 patients with nephropathy, it was observed that C4d positivity has a significant association with mesangial hypercellularity (p=0.001), segmental glomerulosclerosis (p=0.003), and endocapillary hypercellularity (p=0.001); however, it did not show a significant relationship with tubular atrophy / interstitial fibrosis (p=0.08). The study also found that C4d positivity was significantly (p
Conclusion: This study showed that immunohistochemical staining of C4d is a useful method for evaluating the prognosis of the severity of renal injuries in patients with IgAN and could be a valuable alternative for most Clinical-histopathological factors routinely used as predictive factors for its progression to CKD-KRT, especially when the biopsy specimen size is small and insufficient for other studies
MicroRNA-26a-5p as a potential predictive factor for determining the effectiveness of trastuzumab therapy in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients
No full textBackground: Breast cancer (BC) is known as the most prevalence type of cancer among women. Trastuzumab, as a cancer drug, has been used broadly in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) positive BC patients. On the other hand, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs involved in pathogenesis BC. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of trastuzumab on the expression levels of microRNA-26a in HER-2positiveBC patients.
Methods: This study was conducted on HER-2 positive BC patients and HER-2 Negative BC patients. Serum expression of microRNA-26a were detected by real-time PCR. Then, we assessed the correlation of microRNA-26a level with multiple clinico-pathological characteristics.
Results: In HER-2 positive patients, the microRNA-26a expression significantly increased after treatment with Docetaxel/Trastuzumab in comparison to before treatment (p.value= 0.01). However, this overexpression in HER-2 negative patients after treatment with Docetaxel was not significant compared to before treatment (p.value=0.14). Besides, the expression microRNA -26a significantly increased in HER-2 positive patients who were ≤48 years old and premenopausal after treatment with Docetaxel/Trastuzumab when compared to before treatment (p.value=0.039, 0.031, respectively). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between expression microRNA -26a with tumor size, stage, ER and PR status in HER-2 positive group before and after treatment (p.value=0.043, 0.042, 0.049 and 0.034 respectively).
Conclusions: Trastuzumab led to overexpression of microRNA-26a in HER-2 positive BC patients. It seems that detecting microRNA -26a during trastuzumab therapy could be useful as a factor for monitoring in BC patients
Evaluation of Fructosamine 3-kinase and Glyoxalase 1 activity in normal and breast cancer tissues
No full textBackground: Breast cancer is a typical malignancy and the most common in the female and it is the primary reason behind cancer-related deaths of women around the world. The pathological role of the non-enzymatic change of proteins by reducing sugars become frequently shows in different kinds of cancer. Cancer cells generally rely upon aerobic glycolysis as the main source of energy. Impaired glucose metabolism is somewhat responsible for the aggregation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Methylglyoxal (MG), a glycolysis byproduct either contributes to the accumulation of AGEs. Enzymatic defense upon AGEs products exists in all mammalian cells. Aims: The present work intends to look into Glyoxalase1 (GLO1) and fructosamine-3- kinase (FN3K) activity in human breast carcinoma.
Methods: Thirty-three consecutive patients were entered into the study. Samples of breast tumoral tissue and normal matches were drawn from patients after surgery. FN3K and GLO1 enzymatic activity were analyzed using a radiometric and spectrophotometric assay.
Results: The average level of FN3K enzyme was fundamentally lower in cancerous tissues parallel with adjacent noncancerous tissues. We also observed a consistent increase of GLO1 activity in the tumor parallel with pair-matched normal tissue.
Conclusion: The current findings build up a key-role of enzymatic defense to detoxify cytotoxic AGEs and methylglyoxal levels in tumor cells. These discoveries may give another system to the treatment of breast cancer
Report of Clinical Bone Age Assessment using Deep Learning for an Asian population in Taiwan
No full textIntroduction
A deep learning-based automatic bone age identification system (ABAIs) was introduced in medical imaging. This ABAIs enhanced accurate, consistent, and timely clinical diagnostics and enlightened research fields of deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging.
Aim
The goal of this study was to use the Deep Neural Network (DNN) model to assess bone age in months based on a database of pediatric left-hand radiographs.
Methods
The Inception Resnet V2 model with a Global Average Pooling layer to connect to a single fully connected layer with one neuron using the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function consisted of the DNN model for bone age assessment (BAA) in this study. The medical data in each case contained posterior view of X-ray image of left hand, information of age, gender and weight, and clinical skeletal bone assessment.
Results
A database consisting of 8,061 hand radiographs with their gender and age (0-18 years) as the reference standard was used. The DNN model’s accuracies on the testing set were 77.4%, 95.3%, 99.1% and 99.7% within 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 years of the ground truth respectively. The MAE for the study subjects was 0.33 and 0.25 year for male and female models, respectively.
Conclusion
In this study, Inception Resnet V2 model was used for automatic interpretation of bone age. The convolutional neural network based on feature extraction has good performance in the bone age regression model, and further improves the accuracy and efficiency of image-based bone age evaluation. This system helps to greatly reduce the burden on clinical personnel