Biomedicine (Journal)
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Effects of swimming exercise on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve transection model
No full textPrevalence of integrons 1, 2, 3 associated with antibiotic resistance in\u3ci\u3ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u3c/i\u3eisolates from Northwest of Iran
No full textThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) and quality of life in Iranian primary school students in Tehran, Iran
No full textWill deep brain stimulation increase the incidence of induced psychosis? Post-operation follow-ups for 1 hundred patients from 2004-2017
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Curcumin reduces malondialdehyde and improves antioxidants in humans with diseased conditions: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textObjective: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to collate the effects of curcumin on MDA and antioxidant markers in individuals with diseased conditions. In this study the research question was “does curcumin supplementation improves oxidative stress and antioxidant defense enzymes in human subjects compared to a group without curcumin supplementation?
Methods: This research included randomized controlled trials published in English in any year, in which intervention with curcumin was compared to either placebo, or standard of care or no intervention. Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (version 5.3), with standardized mean differences (SMD) and random-effects models.
Results: One hundred twenty-seven titles and abstracts were identified which 17 articles were included for final analysis. The number of participants ranged from 22 to 160 across the included studies. The duration of intervention, dose of curcumin and location of outcomes measurements varied across the studies. Curcumin significantly reduced MDA [SMD −0.46 (95% CI: −0.68 to −0.25)] and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) [0.82 (0.27 to 1.38)], catalase [10.26 (0.92 to 19.61)], and glutathione peroxidase [8.90 (6.62 to 11.19)] when compared with control group. Subgroup analyses displayed that curcumin could significantly reduce MDA levels with or without use of piperine, however it could increase SOD level in presence of piperine.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that curcumin may be used as an adjunct therapy in individuals with oxidative stress. The administration of piperine with curcumin may enhance the efficacy of curcumin on antioxidant defense system
Application of Machine Learning to Identify Risk Factors for Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions Following Spine Surgery
No full textIntroduction: Spine surgery is a common source of narcotic prescriptions and carries potential for long-term opioid dependence. As prescription opioids play a role in nearly 25% of all opioid overdose deaths in the United States, mitigating risk for prolonged postoperative opioid utilization is crucial for spine surgeons.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to employ six ML algorithms to identify clinical variables predictive of increased opioid utilization across spinal surgeries, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), posterior thoracolumbar fusion (PTLF), and lumbar laminectomy.
Methods: A query of the author’s institutional database identified adult patients undergoing ACDF, PTLF, or lumbar laminectomy between 2013 and 2022. Six supervised ML algorithms, including Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and LightGBM, were tasked with predicting additional opioid prescriptions at a patient’s first postoperative visit based on set variables. Predictive variables were evaluated for missing data and optimized. Model performance was assessed with common analytical metrics, and variable importance was quantified using permutation feature importance. Statistical analysis utilized Pearson’s
Chi-square tests for categorical and independent sample t-tests for numerical differences.
Results: The author’s query identified 3,202 patients matching selection criteria, with 841, 1,409, and 952 receiving ACDF, PTLF, and lumbar laminectomy, respectively. The ML algorithms produced an aggregate AUC of 0.743, performing most effectively for lumbar laminectomy. Random Forest and LightGBM classifieds were selected for generation of
permutation feature importance (PFI) values. Hospital length of stay was the only highly featured variable carrying statistical significance across all procedures.
Conclusion: Notable risk factors for increased postoperative opioid use were identified, including shorter hospital stays, younger age, and prolonged operative time. These findings can help identify patients at increased risk and guide strategies to mitigate opioid dependence
A Brief Literature Review of Low-Level Laser Therapy for Treating Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Confirmation of its Effectiveness
No full textIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with a steadily progressive course due to the death of central and peripheral motor neurons responsible for voluntary movements. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment method unique in its universality and efficacy, particularly for neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods: In this review, we discuss the effect and application of LLLT in the treatment of ALS. A literature search for English and Russian publications for the keywords Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Low-Level Laser Therapy was performed using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) databases.
Results: The article provided a brief literature review, substantiated the potential use of low-level laser therapy for ALS. The particular techniques of LLLT were developed.
Conclusion: Based on the results of several studies and many years of successful experience with low-level laser therapy in Russia we conclude that a LLLT technique, including intravenous laser blood illumination (ILBI), non-invasive laser blood illumination (NLBI), and local exposure, is a promising treatment method for ALS
Glutaminase - A potential target for cancer treatment
No full textThe overexpression of glutaminase is reported to influence cancer growth and metastasis through glutaminolysis. Upregulation of glutamine catabolism is recently recognized as a critical feature of cancer, and cancer cells are observed to reprogram glutamine metabolism to maintain its survival and proliferation. Special focus is given on the glutaminase isoform, GLS1 (kidney type glutaminase), as the other isoform GLS2 (Liver type glutaminase) acts as a tumour suppressor in some conditions. Glutaminolysis linked with autophagy, which is mediated via mTORC1, also serves as a promising target for cancer therapy. Glutamine also plays a vital role in maintaining redox homeostasis. Inhibition of glutaminase aggravates oxidative stress by reducing glutathione level, thus leading to apoptotic-mediated cell death in cancer cells Therefore, inhibiting the glutaminase activity using glutaminase inhibitors such as BPTES, DON, JHU-083, CB-839, compound 968, etc. may answer many intriguing questions behind the uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells and serve as a prophylactic treatment for cancer. Earlier reports neither discuss nor provide perspectives on exact signaling gene or pathway. Hence, the present review highlights the plausible role of glutaminase in cancer and the current therapeutic approaches and clinical trials to target and inhibit glutaminase enzymes for better cancer treatment
Effect of Mucuna pruriens seed extract on depression-like behavior derived from mild traumatic brain injury in rats
No full textBackground: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe health problem for which there is no specific treatment, leading to neurological or neuropsychological consequences. One of the most described disorders, even after mild TBI (mTBI), is depression, related to mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Mucuna pruriens (M. pruriens) plant has various antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Purpose: There is insufficient evidence of M. pruriens use for the treatment of neurobehavioral and depressive impairments induced by TBI and of the mechanisms underlying this effect, so we aimed to evaluate the ability of shortterm administration of M. pruriens extract to prevent neurobehavioral impairment and depression-like behaviors in a murine model of mTBI as well as evaluate the role of oxidative stress.
Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent mTBI or sham surgery. Immediately after, they were treated with vehicle or M. pruriens extract (50 mg/kg ip/day for five days). We evaluated neurobehavioral recovery using the Neurobehavioral Severity
Scale-Revised (NSS-R) and the immobility time in the forced swimming test 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after mTBI. In addition, lipid peroxidation (LP) and GSH concentrations were determined in some brain areas (motor cortex, striatum, midbrain, and nucleus accumbens).
Results: M. pruriens extract did not decrease neurobehavioral impairment caused by mTBI. Nevertheless, it prevented depression-like behaviors starting three days after mTBI, reduced LP, and increased GSH in some brain areas.
Conclusions: M. pruriens may prevent depression-like behaviors and reduce oxidative stress by decreasing LP and increasing concentrations of antioxidant compounds.
Key Words: Mucuna pruriens, Depression, Traumatic Brain Injury, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, Reduced Glutathion