UHSP Collections (University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy)
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Characteristics of patients using specialty medications
No full textBackground: Specialty medications include innovative drugs and biologic agents requiring special handling and close monitoring. Although specialty medications have been widely used for various chronic conditions, increased use of these medications has contributed a growing share of total health care expenditures. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine patient characteristics related to specialty medication use. Methods: Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data from 2000 through 2013, this study identified U.S. adults using specialty medications. Andersen\u27s Health Services Utilization model was used to identify potential factors related to specialty medication use. Associations between the variables identified by Andersen\u27s model and specialty medication use were analyzed using logistic multilevel modelling. Sampling weights were considered and standard errors were adjusted to account for the complex survey design. Results: A fully adjusted model suggested that older adults, individuals with prescription drug insurance, or those using mail order services were more likely to use specialty medications regardless of whether they used traditional medications concurrently. Behaviors of using specialty medications were positively associated with married and active working status and negatively associated with middle or high income and having a usual source of care (visiting a doctor\u27s office, clinic, or health center when sick) when comparing individuals using traditional medications and those using specialty medications. In addition, when comparing individuals using traditional medications with those using both specialty medications and traditional medications, behaviors of using specialty medications were positively associated with female gender, worse health state, and more comorbidities. Conclusion: This study identified characteristics of patients using specialty medications. Some sociodemographic, economic, and clinical factors were related to specialty medication use among U.S. adults
Importance of site of infection and antibiotic selection in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis
No full textIn a retrospective analysis of 215 patients with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis, we observed a significantly higher risk of mortality associated with respiratory tract infection (risk ratio [RR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.39; P = 0.010) and lower risk with urinary tract infection (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.90; P = 0.004). Aminoglycoside monotherapy was associated with increased mortality, even after adjusting for confounders (adjusted RR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.85; P = 0.037), consistent across multiple sites of infection
Validation of the entrustable professional activities for new pharmacy graduates
No full textPurpose. The face validity of the core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for new pharmacy graduates published by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) in 2017 was evaluated. Methods. A 28-item questionnaire was sent to experienced pharmacy practitioners affiliated with 4 schools of pharmacy. In addition to demographic information about education, training, credentials, and practice setting, participants were asked whether each EPA statement was pertinent to pharmacy practice and an expected activity that all pharmacists should be able to perform. Questions regarding the secondary attributes of the EPA statements examined whether each activity is observable, is measurable, is transferable to multiple practice settings, and integrates multiple competencies. Results. The questionnaire was distributed to 137 eligible participants, and 71 usable survey responses were received. Participants consistently agreed (≥75% agreement) that the 15 EPA statements for new pharmacy graduates describe activities that are pertinent to pharmacy practice and that pharmacists are expected to perform. A consistent level of agreement was observed regardless of the preceptor’s employment with a college or school, board certification status, or completion of postgraduate training, and no statistical differences in level of agreement were found based on these attributes. There was consistent agreement (≥60%) across geographic regions. No statistical differences in agreement were found between acute care practitioners and ambulatory care practitioners. Conclusion. A survey suggested that the core EPAs developed and vetted by AACP have face validity and are believed by experienced pharmacy preceptor-practitioners to be pertinent to pharmacy practice and to describe activities that all pharmacists should be able to competently perform
Systematic review and meta-analysis of community pharmacy error rates in the USA: 1993-2015
No full textImportance: While much is known about hospital pharmacy error rates in the USA, comparatively little is known about community pharmacy dispensing error rates. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of community pharmacy dispensing errors in the USA. Methods: English language, peer-reviewed observational and interventional studies that reported community pharmacy dispensing error rates in the USA from January 1993 to December 2015 were identified in 10 bibliographic databases and topic-relevant grey literature. Studies with a denominator reflecting the total number of prescriptions in the sample were necessary for inclusion in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate an aggregate community pharmacy dispensing error rate. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic prior to analysis. Results: The search yielded a total of 8490 records, of which 11 articles were included in the systematic review. Two articles did not have adequate data components to be included in the meta-analysis. Dispensing error rates ranged from 0.00003% (43/1 420 091) to 55% (55/100). The meta-analysis included 1 461 128 prescriptions. The overall community pharmacy dispensing error rate was estimated to be 0.015 (95% CI 0.014 to 0.018); however, significant heterogeneity was observed across studies (I2 = 99.6). Stratification by study error identification methodology was found to have a significant impact on dispensing error rate (p\u3c0.001). Conclusion and relevance: There are few published articles that describe community pharmacy dispensing error rates in the USA. Thus, there is limited information about the current rate of community pharmacy dispensing errors. A robust investigation is needed to assess dispensing error rates in the USA to assess the nature and magnitude of the problem and establish prevention strategies
Minors on Campus, Children in the Workplace, and Child Protection Policy
No full textUniversity of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis is responsible for maintaining a registry of all programs on for minors on the campus and affiliated with the University. The University hosts a wide variety of university-sponsored activities for non-enrolled minors such as camps, clinics, workshops, conferences, and other educational activities. Further, minor children or relatives of employees are often visitors in the workplace. It is critical that minors on University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis\u27 campus are overseen in an appropriate fashion intended to keep them healthy and safe while visiting the campus. Per the details of this policy, unsupervised or unescorted minors are not permitted on the University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis campus
Data Protection Standards - Information Security Policy
No full textThe University recognizes that in certain instances it must collect, store and use Sensitive Information relating to its students, employees, and individuals associated with the University as well as certain types of research data. The University is dedicated to collecting, handling, storing and using Sensitive Information properly and securely.
University Roles Affected by Policy
Any member of the University community, including all faculty, staff, and students, who have access to University records that contain Sensitive Information covered by this Policy must comply with this Policy.
Applies to all active members of the University community, including faculty, students, staff, and affiliates, and to authorized visitors, guests, and others for whom University technology resources and network access are made available by the University. This policy also applies to campus visitors who avail themselves of the University’s temporary visitor wireless network access, and to those who register their computers and other devices through Conference and Event Services programs or through other offices, for use of the campus network
Saline as a vehicle control does not alter ventilation in male CD-1 mice
No full textSaline (0.9% NaCl) is used in clinical and research settings as a vehicle for intravenous drug administration. While saline is a standard control in mouse studies, there are reports of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in high doses. It remains unknown if metabolic acidosis occurs in mice and/or if compensatory increases in breathing frequency and tidal volume accompany saline administration. It was hypothesized that saline administration alters blood pH and the pattern of breathing in conscious CD-1 male mice exposed to air or hypoxia (10% O 2 , balanced N 2 ). Unrestrained barometric plethysmography was used to quantify breathing frequency (breaths/min; bpm), tidal volume (VT; mL/breath/10 g body weight (BW)), and minute ventilation (VE; mL/min/10 g BW) in two designs: (1) 11-week-old mice with no saline exposure (n = 11) compared to mice with 7 days of 0.9% saline administration (intraperitoneal, i.p.; 10 mL/kg body mass; n = 6). and (2) 17-week-old mice tested before (PRE) and after 1 day (POST1, n = 6) or 7 days (POST7, n = 5) of saline (i.p.; 10 mL/kg body mass). There were no differences when comparing frequency, VT, or VE between groups for either design with room air or hypoxia exposures. Hypoxia increased frequency, VT, and VE compared to room air. Moreover, conscious blood sampling showed no differences in pH, p aCO2 , p aO2 , or (Formula presented.) in mice without or with 7 days of saline. These findings reveal no differences in ventilation following 1 and/or 7 days of saline administration in mice. Therefore, the use of 0.9% saline as a control is supported for studies evaluating the control of breathing in mice
Data Protection Standards - Data Classification Policy
No full textUniversity Data is information generated by or for, owned by, or otherwise in the possession of UHSP that is related to the University’s activities.University Data may exist in any format (i.e. electronic, paper) and includes, but is not limited to, all academic, administrative, and research data, as well as the computing infrastructure and program code that supports the business of UHSP.
Applies to all active members of the University community, including faculty, students, staff, and affiliates, and to authorized visitors, guests, and others for whom University technology resources and network access are made available by the University. This policy also applies to campus visitors who avail themselves of the University’s temporary visitor wireless network access, and to those who register their computers and other devices through Conference and Event Services programs or through other offices, for use of the campus network
Data Protection Standards - Data Management Guide
No full textInformation maintained by the University is a vital asset that must be available to all employees who have a legitimate business need for it. However, the use of University data for anything other than approved University business is prohibited by University policy and, in many instances, by state and federal law.
Applies to all active members of the University community, including faculty, students, staff, and affiliates, and to authorized visitors, guests, and others for whom University technology resources and network access are made available by the University. This policy also applies to campus visitors who avail themselves of the University’s temporary visitor wireless network access, and to those who register their computers and other devices through Conference and Event Services programs or through other offices, for use of the campus network
Data Protection Standards - Data Protection Requirements
No full textThis Guideline complements the Data Classification Policy by defining (1) the requirements for handling and protecting information at each stage of its lifecycle from creation to destruction and (2) the minimum security standards required for any electronic device that may be used to access or store Sensitive Information owned or used by University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy.
Sensitive Information is University Data that is classified as Internal, Confidential, or Restricted Use. See the Data Classification Policy for definitions and examples of each of these classifications.
Public (non-Sensitive) Information does not require any level of protection from disclosure but appropriate precautions should be taken to protect original (source) documents from unauthorized modification.
Applies to all active members of the University community, including faculty, students, staff, and affiliates, and to authorized visitors, guests, and others for whom University technology resources and network access are made available by the University. This policy also applies to campus visitors who avail themselves of the University’s temporary visitor wireless network access, and to those who register their computers and other devices through Conference and Event Services programs or through other offices, for use of the campus network