Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science (YJES)
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A COMPARISON OF NATURAL GAS DEHYDRATION METHODS
No full textThe allowable moisture content of transmission natural gas ranges from 4 to 7 pounds per MMSCF (64 - 112mg / (m ^ 3)) Water content may leads to solid hydrate formation, corrosion of pipelines & process plants particularly in the presence of C*O_{2} or H_{2}*S slugging and erosion problems in the flowlines. Also, it leads to specific volume increasing, heating value decreasing and freezing in cryogenic and refrigerated absorption plants. Dehydration of natural gas is necessary in order to obtain a water dew point below operating temperature to avoid water condensation and subsequent free water on the system and hydrates formation. A comparison between different widely industry methods of natural gas dehydration is made in order to choose a method for achieving the required water dew point of export gas suitable for North Africa gas project. These methods are adsorption (using solid desiccants), absorption (using liquid desiccants), dehydration (by CaCl2, expansion refrigeration and membrane permeation). The comparison is made according to their energy demand and suitability for use in North African countries. At the central process facilities of North Africa project, flowline arrival pressure and temperature may be in the range 54 to 60 bar and 25 deg * C to 50 deg * C (in winter to summer) respectively. In North Africa Gas Project at south Tunisia, the required water dew-point specification of export gas in field is - 12 deg * C at any pressure. As a comparison result it was found that it is recommended to use a TEG (Triethylene Glycol) dehydration method due to many advantages
A Comparative Analysis of Various Simulation Software for grid-connected Residential Building: A Case Study at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
No full textSaudi Arabia receives significant energy daily from solar radiation, making it one of the best places to use solar energy to meet its energy needs. Grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems provide the electrical energy available from the solar radiation into the grid. Different simulation tools are currently available used to assess the performance of solar PV systems. The present study was conducted to design and evaluate the performance of 15 kW grid-connected solar PV system under climatic conditions of in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Two simulation models, Helioscope and PVsyst were used in the analysis and the results were then compared. The annual energy production, specific production, energy injected into grid, and annual performance ratio (PR) are evaluated by the software’s around a whole year at the same climatic conditions. Results showed that the maximum annual solar irradiation in May was 2212 kWh/m2. The PR based on PVsyst simulation (78.04 %) was higher than that of the Helioscope simulation (74.8%) by about 4.15%. The maximum energy production in May was about 6.1 kWh. The energy production from the PVsyst and Helioscope is 28.98 and 25.9 MWh/year with 289.8 and 259.13 MWh/year energy injected into the grid, respectively
MODELING, SIMULATION AND NEURAL CONTROL OF WHEELED INVERTED PENDULUM
No full textWheeled inverted pendulum (WIP) is an underactuated and a highly unstable system. In this paper we have proposed modelling and control of WIP as hybrid automaton based on torque equations rather than Lagrangian method. The model was simulated using Simulink using Direct Inverse Neural Control (DINC) to control the WIP system using the hybrid automaton based strategy so as to keep it at upright position. Simulation results reveal that control scheme is sufficiently able to control the system at desired position but with slight steady state error which was found to reduce with the increasing sampling rate
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ANTHEMIS PEDUNCULATA AND ANTHEMIS PUNCTATA
No full textThe essential oils from aerial parts of Anthemis pedunculata and Anthemis punctata (Asteraceae), obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. a-pinène was the major compound (25.8%) in the essential oil of A.pedunculata. This oil is characterized by other important constituents as myrcene (8.0 %), trans-ẞ-farnesene (7.8%) and cadinene (3.0%). A. pedunculata essential oil has a moderate activity on the E. coli ATCC 25922 (11 mm) and an important activity on S. aureus ATCC 25923 (45mm). The essential oil of A. punctata was composed in first rang by the ẞ-pinène (19.5%) and other constituent as the a-pinène (7.3%), the bornéol (5.5%), the l\u27anymol (5.4%) and the 4-aminothiophénol (4.8%). A. punctata essential oil has a moderate activity on the E. coli ATCC 25922 (11 mm) and an important activity on S. aureus ATCC 25923 (30mm)
Optimized and Validated Box–Behnken Design Combined Response Surface Methodology to Quantify Acetic Acid Content in Potassium Clavulanate Using High–Performance Liquid Chromatography
No full textA simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection was developed to quantify acetic acid in potassium clavulanate. The chromatographic separation was performed on the Hypersil BDS C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with optimized response surface methodology combined Box–Behnken experimental design. The mobile phase comprises of a buffer prepared by ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (20 mM) containing 0.01% triethylamine, maintained pH between 2.8–3.2 using phosphoric acid and % acetonitrile as per Box–Behnken factorial design. The detection was performed at 235 nm with a mobile phase flow rate of 1 ml/min. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The linearity of the proposed method was rectilinear within the range of 2.5–24.8 μg/ml. The value of the limit of detection (LOD) & limit of quantitation (LOQ) by the validated method was found to be 1.9 and 5.8 μg/ml, respectively. The robustness and ruggedness studies were conducted by small changes with parameters in the proposed method. The % RSD values were within the accepted limit of criteria. This developed method can quantify routine acetic acid content analysis in potassium clavulanate pharmaceutical formulations
EFFECT OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYESTER BLEND ON THE MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE
No full textThe objective of this study is the preparation and characterization of ternary blends consisting of polypropylene with poly(ethylene terephthalate) poly(butylene terephthalate) blends with a ratio of poly(ethylene terephthalate) to poly(butylene terephthalate) concentration as 1. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) polypropylene blend, poly (butylene terephthalate) polypropylene blend and poly(ethylene terephthalate) poly (butylene terephthalate) polypropylene ternary blends were prepared by melt blending technique using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Acrylic acid grafted polypropylene (PP-g-AA) was used as compatibilizer. The mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological behavior of the homopolymers, binary blends and ternary blends were investigated. The results confirmed that the ternary blends show enhanced mechanical and thermal properties compared to that of poly(ethylene terephthalate) polypropylene blend and poly(butylene terephthalate) polypropylene blend. The morphology study showed the homogenous dispersion of thermoplastic polyesters component in ternary blends lead to better interaction between polypropylene and thermoplastic polyester phases and thereby improved the overall mechanical properties of ternary blends. The rheological behavior of ternary blends with high viscosity at low shear rates useful for thermoforming applications
EVIDENCE FOR πg9/2 ⨂ ν (h11/ 2 ) 2 DOUBLET BANDS IN 105Rh NUCLEUS
No full textThe existence of chirality in the positive-parity levels in 105Rh nucleus has been confirmed by the theoretical model Interacting Boson-Fermion Model (IBFM). The IBFM succeeded in predicting the positive parity excitation energy and electromagnetic properties in the 105Rh nucleus. The IBFM analysis suggest the coexistence of triaxial and axial shapes in the 105Rh nucleus
A NOVEL BIO-COAGULANT AID TO TREAT HIGH TURBID WATER CONTAINING HUMIC ACIDS
No full textIn general, the production of potable water from raw water sources involves the coagulation or flocculation process to remove turbidity. Alum has been widely used as a coagulant; however, there is a concern about its associated risk of Alzheimer\u27s disease. As a result, there has been considerable interest in the development of natural coagulants and coagulant aids in order to reduce the dose of alum. This study aimed at evaluating the use of Corchorus Olitorius L. (COL), a leafy vegetable grown in Africa and the Middle East, as a novel coagulant aid over other synthetic coagulant aids. It is a widely produced agricultural waste and does not require further chemical treatment. Various tests were carried out to evaluate the optimal dosage and conditions required to achieve the optimum removal of both turbidity and humic acid from water. Based on the results of the jar test, COL was found to be an efficient coagulation aid. It has the ability to reduce the primary coagulant dose (from 600 mg/L to 300 mg/L) and residual turbidity (from 5.63 to 2.3 NTU). This novel coagulant aid reduced the concentration of total organic carbon to the zero level and increased the rate of flocculation
A new study of relativistic and nonrelativistic for new modified Yukawa potential via the BSM in the framework of noncommutative quantum mechanics symmetries: An application to heavy-light mesons systems
No full textIn this article, the deformed Dirac equation was solved with a new modified Yukawa potential within three tensor interactions (Coulomb-like, Yukawa-like, and Hulthén-type potentials) (NMYTTIs). This study is scrutinized by taking into consideration the noncommutative space-space effect within the relativistic and nonrelativistic regimes using the parametric of Bopp’s shift method and standard perturbation theory with the help of an approximation to the centrifugal term. In the framework of the spin and pseudospin (p-spin) symmetry, we obtain the global new energy eigenvalue which equals the energy eigenvalue in usual relativistic QM under the new modified Yukawa potential plus the corrected of energy induced with three infinitesimal additive parts of the relativistic Hamiltonian corresponds to the spin-orbit interaction, the new modified Zeeman and the rotational Fermi term. The new values that we get appeared sensitive to the quantum numbers and (within the relativistic and nonrelativistic regimes, respectively), the potential depths the range of the potential and noncommutativity parameters The present results are applied for calculating the mass spectra of heavy mesons such as heavy-light mesons HLM such as and Our results excellent agree perfectly with the ones in works of literature
DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING A MULTI-MOLD ELECTROMAGNETIC CASTING MACHINE
No full textThis paper presents a research work has been done through a project for designing, manufacturing, and installing a new electromagnetic caster (EMC) of double molds (double rectangular ingots of aluminum) in the Egyptalum Company. The main design problem is to terminate the effects of the electromagnetic coupling, between the two molds, on the performance of the casting machine. For this purpose a 3D multi-body Boundary Element formulation is derived and used to form the core of an iterative solution. This solution is used for estimating the line frequency and currents, locating the one turn induction coils and the electromagnetic screen (EMS), and finally positioning the two molds inside the machine