Yanbu Journal of Engineering and Science (YJES)
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OCR FOR ENGLISH CHARACTERS BASED ON POLAR HISTOGRAM FEATURE EXTRACTION AND EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE
No full textOptical character recognition is the process of converting characters from image format to text format. The process includes four main stages namely: pre-processing, feature extraction, character recognition, and post-processing. The success is mainly based on the feature extraction method and the character recognition algorithm. When optical character recognition systems are developed for mobile devices, two main constraints must be addressed. They are the system\u27s size and speed. In this research, both were considered. A small feature dataset was created using polar histogram of x and y projections of the character image. In addition, a simple character recognition algorithm based on Euclidean distance was adapted. An accuracy of over 99.9% was achieved in near microsecond scale recognizing execution time on the development system
PRODUCTION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS (VFA) BY ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF RICE STRAW/COW DUNG MIX IN BATCH AND FED-BATCH PROCESSES
No full textAnaerobic digestion of the mix (4:1) ratio of lime-pretreated rice straw/cow dung was investigated to determine its feasibility as a feedstock to produce volatile fatty acids. Both batch and fed-batch anaerobic digestions were performed. The influence of the solid content and the addition of rumen fiber on the bioreactor performance were studied in batch system. An increase in solid content from 10 to 12% has increased toral acid concentration in liquid product from 10 to 14.69g * L ^ - 1 and productivity from 2.5 to 3.2g * L ^ - 1 * d ^ - 1 Also, the addition of rumen fiber to rice straw/cow dung has resulted in higher total acid concentration 18.97g * L ^ - 1 and higher productivity 10g * L ^ - 1 * d ^ - 1 Compared to the batch process at the same solid content of 12%, the fed-batch anaerobic digestion has resulted in higher acid concentration 25g * L ^ - 1 and higher yield of volatile fatty acids from volatile solids fed from 19 to 32% as well as higher productivity 4.4g * L ^ - 1 * d ^ - 1 Thus, the present study suggests that the volatile fatty acids\u27 production can be optimized through fed-batch digestion and the addition of rumen fiber to the original feedstock (rice straw/cow dung)
DETECTION OF STICK-SLIP OCCURRENCES THROUGH NEAR FIELD NOISE MEASUREMENTS
No full textThe present study is concerned with evaluating the pin-on-disk test rig usage and the measurements conducted to recognize the occurrence of the stick-slip phenomenon. The test rig consists of two separate blocks to ensure that the vibration of the elastic disk and emitted noise are completely adverted to friction between the moving pin and stationary steel disk. The occurrence of stick slip is clearly picked up using near field noise measurements. It can be distinguished from the vibration signal as high consecutive spikes, but the existence of such spikes is clearer and more definite in the
noise signature
Experimental investigation of different cavity arrangements in the high voltage solid insulation systems
No full textFinally, the simulation results of proposed EEC-HO routing protocol is compared with the existing routing protocols. For the impact of sensor node density case, we observed that the effectiveness of proposed EEC-HO routing protocol is 45.887%, 30.666%, 56.666%, 17.629% and 41.666% efficient than existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, average hop count, throughput and dead nodes respectively. For the impact of simulation rounds case, we observed that the effectiveness of proposed EEC-HO routing protocol is 21.216%, 35.417%, 41.667%, 18.568% and 40.000% efficient than existing protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, average hop count, throughput and number of dead nodes respectively
A SIMPLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MOSAPRIDE BY DIAZOTIZATION METHOD
No full textA facile spectrophotometric method for the determination of mosapride is described. This method is based on the reaction of mosapride with nitrite in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate in basic medium to form azo dyes, which shows absorption maxima at 402
or 422 nm. The method obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.4-13.5 μgml-1 of mosapride with acetylacetone and 0.5-17.0 μgml-1 of mosapride with ethyl acetoacetate. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of mosapride-acetylacetone
and mosapride-ethyl acetoacetate azo dyes are 1.026x104 lmol-1cm-1, 4.484 x 10-3 μgcm-2 and 1.097x104 lmol-1cm-1, 4.193x10-3 μgcm-2 respectively. The dye formed is stable for 8 hrs. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters are
evaluated. No interference observed from common excipients. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of mosapride in pharmaceutical samples
AN OPTIMIZED PID CONTROLLER FOR DEEP SPACE ANTENNA DC MOTOR POSITION CONTROL USING MODIFIED ARTIFICIAL FISH SWARM ALGORITHM
No full textThe aim of the present study is to build an intelligent Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for deep space antenna position control using a modified artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm. The PID controller remains the most widely used controller in the engineering industries due to its ease of implementation and minimum requirement of designer\u27s intervention. The performance of the controller depends mainly on the designer\u27s choice of the controller (proportion, integral and derivative) gains. Conventional method may take several hours or even days before the right set of parameters which give the required system specification is obtained. Therefore, this study presents an optimization approach for determining the PID controller parameters for the position control of deep space antenna azimuth using the weighted artificial fish swarm algorithm (wAFSA). Also, the standard AFSA was used to design the PID controller for the comparison. Some MATLAB simulation was performed under different deep space antenna amplifier gain to determine the efficiency of the proposed controller. Simulation results revealed the effectiveness and validity of the proposed optimized PID controller regarding settling time (ST), rise time (RT), overshoot (OS), steady state error (STE) and most significantly minimized the cost
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONGO RED ADSORPTION USING DIFFERENT MODIFICATIONS OF RICE STRAW
No full textThe aim of this work is to study the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from wastewater using raw rice straw (RRS) and different modifications of it, namely (acid treated rice straw (ATRS), base treated rice straw (BTRS), modified rice straw (MRS) and magnetite loaded rice straw (MLRS)). The effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, mixing rate, particle size and solution temperature on the adsorbed amount of the dye were investigated. The adsorbents were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R adsorption isotherm equations for the present system was tested. The experimental data fitted well to Langmuir model for RRS and MLRS and to Freundlich model for other modifications. Kinetic data was analyzed using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intra particle diffusion, and film diffusion (Boyd) models and were found to closely follow the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic equations were applied and the results showed that the adsorption was nonspontaneous and exothermic for MRS and spontaneous and endothermic for MLRS
MODE – REGRESSION BASED MODEL FOR SHORT TERM LOAD FORECASTING
No full textThis paper presents Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF) model using mode-regression based technique for a residential area in Yanbu Industrial City (YIC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Hourly load, temperature and humidity data are collected for three consecutive years from 2009 to 2011. In this technique, all the days with similar characteristics are classified into groups called modes. The daily load behavior is classified based on identified behavioral modes representing religious, social, and official occasions, in addition to environmental conditions. The daily load signal is decomposed into time- varying and non-time varying components. Each component is forecasted individually. The first model uses harmonics regression analysis to forecast the time-varying component which is only the daily load curve with zero mean value. To forecast the non- time varying component, regression analysis using Eureqa software is used to forecast the average load consumption for the next day. In the end, the two models are added algebraically to constitute the next day load forecasting model. The obtained model formulation testing has shown satisfactory forecasting results. A comparative study is conducted to prove the effectiveness of the model proposed. The results obtained in this work are compared with other published work that uses different method applied to the same data
AN INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS IN 4-DIMENSIONS DOMAIN
No full textAn interpolation procedure for unsteady inviscid flow (i.e. Euler) solvers is developed. The proposed linear interpolation is first order accurate in time (Δt). The flow properties at each non-mesh point are interpolated in a physical manner as a summation of the values at its surrounding eight mesh points multiplied by their
respective weighting coefficients. The coefficients are based on the distances apart between the interpolating non-mesh point and the eight mesh points. The major advantage in this technique is using the position vector for interpolation instead of using
the three coordinates x, y & z in succession. This means that it is a one step interpolation instead of three steps. Finally, the compatibility is achieved from using the hyper characteristic curves to locate the initial data points. The proposed technique offers an accurate, efficient and compatible interpolation valid for the method of characteristics in 4-D
KINETICS STUDY OF THE REACTION OF HYDROGENATED DIMER FATTY ACID C36 WITH 1,7 DIAMINOHEPTANE : DETERMINATION OF THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS
No full textKinetic studies were carried out on the reaction between 1. 7 diamino heptane and hydrogenated C36 dimer fatty acid in melt phase. The reaction was performed at 110. 130, 135, 140, and 150 C and was followed by determining the acid number of the reactant acid. The polyamidation reaction was found to be of overall second order with an activation energy of 44.0 kJ/mol up to78, 82, 76, 75, 74% conversion at 110, 130, 135, 140, 150 °C and after the former conversions the reaction will become third order. The degree of polymerization, number average molecular weight, and weight average. molecular weight have been calculated during different times. The relationship between degree of polymerization, number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight with time is linear until (78, 82, 76, 75, 74)% conversion at (110, 130, 135, 140, 150 °C). The kinetics of degradation was carried out by the use of thermal analysis TGA, thermodynamic and equilibrium constants of degradation have been determined. The kinetics of degradation was found to be of overall second order. It was assured of the structure of resulting poly amide by use infra-red spectroscopy