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A Vertical Portfolio Approach to BOP-Led Growth in Emerging Markets
No full textPurpose
Bottom/Base-of-the Pyramid (BOP) literature historically focused on market entry strategies designed to target the world’s largest untapped consumer market. Now, after many international businesses have penetrated the BOP, this article progresses from questions of market entry to theories of global market growth from the BOP. Design/methodology/approach
The study follows an inductive approach to theory. Insight from in-depth interviews with executives from category-leading companies with international operations spanning a total of 79 brands was used to develop a conceptual framework for strategies that leverage the BOP for growth. Findings
Market-leading BOP brands are not the outcome of BOP brand-centered strategies. Instead, findings suggest that market growth is the result of a vertical portfolio approach that includes BOP and non-BOP consumers. Originality/value
The study proposes a 4D’s model for a whole-market approach to the BOP and aligns the framework with the evidence-based theory of market-based assets
Augmenting the Posterior Mandible Using Xeno Grafts: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textAim: To assess the vertical height gain in atrophic posterior mandible using different forms of xenograft through an interpositional bone grafting procedure (sandwich technique). Materials and methods: Patient were separated into two groups, Group A (Study Group): received augmentation through the use of an organic bovine bone particulate. Group B (Control Group): received augmentation through the application of an organic bovine bone block. This study was conducted on 16 patients suffering from posterior mandibular partial edentulism with an inadequate bone height enough for favorable implant placement. The alveolar vertical dimension measured ranges from or equal to 5-8 mm from roof of the inferior alveolar canal to the alveolar crest. Both groups had equal percentages of both genders. Results: The mean age of the participants in the block group was (35.36±2.62) years, in the particulate group it was (36.07±7.23), and the variation was not significant (p=0.798). Measured bone height in the block group was greater than the particulate group with the distinction being significant after the end of the follow-up interval (p\u3c 0.001). Bone height gain measured in the block group (3.83±0.31) (mm) was significantly greater than that measured in the particulate group (3.56±0.14) (p=0.047). Conclusion: Bone height gain measured in block group was significantly higher than that measured in particulate group
Gingival Stem Cell-Conditioned Media and Low-Level Laser Therapy Enhance Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Function by Upregulating Wnt and TGF-β Pathway Components: An In Vitro Study
No full textA green validated HPLC-UV Method for determining and quantifying pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine in laboratory-prepared mixtures and their FDC capsule
No full textA validated technique has been developed for the sequential determination of pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine. This method allows for their separation either in different ratios within a ternary mixture or in their fixed-dose combination (FDC) using HPLC. The chromatographic conditions involved the utilization of an X-select C18 column (5µ, 4.6 × 150 mm) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M KH2PO4: Methanol (75:25, v/v), with orthophosphoric acid added to adjust the pH to 2.6. The separation was conducted at a 1.2 ml/min flow rate, while a UV detector was set at a wavelength of 206 nm to monitor the process. The three drugs were successfully eluted with retention times of 0.8, 1.9, and 3.0 min for pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine respectively providing fast analysis times. The method exhibited linearity for pholcodine, paracetamol, and pseudoephedrine over concentration ranges of 12–200 µg/ml, 5–100 µg/ml, and 30–200 µg/ml, respectively. It was accurate, reliable, and precise (RSD \u3c 2 %). This proposed methodology was effectively implemented to quantify the concentration of pholcodine, pseudoephedrine, and paracetamol in freshly prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Furthermore, the method\u27s environmental impact was assessed using five different tools, demonstrating low hazard levels to the environment, and promoting its environmental friendliness compared to the reported method
CMS RPC efficiency studies using Tag-and-Probe method in LHC Run 3
No full textCMS experiment is collecting data on proton–proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV in LHC Run 3. The RPC detector is one of the sub-detectors of the CMS muon system which is capable of triggering and reconstructing muons. In this paper, efficiency of the CMS RPC detector during the Run 3 data taking period is presented. The Tag-and-Probe method with the decay of the Z boson to two muons was used in measuring the efficiency of the operating RPC detector. The efficiency is derived from the matching of RPC hits with probe muons extrapolated to the RPC
Preliminary aging studies of improved RPC gaps operated with HFO based mixtures
No full textResistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) at CMS experiment are operated with a gas mixture containing around 95% Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4), commonly known as R-134a, which has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1430. In the framework of the CMS Upgrade project for the High Luminosity phase, new improved RPCs (iRPC) have been developed to enhance the legacy performances in the most RPC forward region of the experiment, shown in Fig. 1. To comply with European regulations and explore environmentally friendly gaseous mixture alternatives for long-term RPC operation, CMS RPC within the RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration has launched a longevity study operating the chambers with HFO/CO2-based eco-friendly gas mixture. In this report, preliminary results of the aging study, after one year of irradiation at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN are presented
How can Indigenous Peoples be meaningfully integrated into national climate decision making processes?
No full textIndigenous people manage significant global terrestrial surface while simultaneously guarding around 80% of the world\u27s biodiversity (With methodological uncertainty), despite only comprising a small fraction of the global population.Their traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) supports essential climate solutions and helps in the adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. A significant depth of injustice, however, and security risk in the existing climate governance mechanisms is pronounced given that less than 1% of direct global climate finance is allocated to indigenous peoples. This policy paper argues that a transformational paradigm shift needs to take place for global climate action to be effective, fair and sustainable. Extending beyond tokenistic participation and towards a right based approach that acknowledges Indigenous people rights to self determination as sovereign entities while locating ecocide as a vital threat to Indigenous stability. The paper examines the systematic barriers to participation and financial access analyzing 2 successful models like the dedicated grant mechanism DGM with a series of concrete recommendations for national governments and international bodies. The goal is to dismantle colonial legacies and climate governance, and address threats of ecocides, unlocking the full potential of Indigenous climate leadership at COP 30 and further beyond
Strengthening Climate Empowerment in Pharmacy Education and Practice: A Literature Review
No full textJustice in Transition : Emphasizing Indigenous Leadership, Rights and Fair Access to Finance
No full textAs the international climate crisis amplifies, solving it through only decreasing emissions is no longer efficient. Climate justice acknowledges that environmental change unequally impacts low income groups - despite these communities being the least contributors to the issue (What Is Climate Justice? - UC Center for Climate Justice, 2022). This paper aims to explore the challenges that must be confronted to make climate justice applicable : including indigenous people into climate finance and governance ; and holding transnational corporations responsible for climate – interconnected human right violations and ecocide. Drawing on case studies from Canada and Indonesia, the paper will explore the various systematic barriers to climate justice, mainly including the exclusion of indigenous people and other legal gaps. It identifies pivotal changes needed at the global level, with an emphasis on enforceable climate funding and other legal structures that directly address the demands of marginalized groups when forming climate decisions