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Design parameters of a lighter than air wind energy system and its applicability in Egypt
No full textThe Lighter-than-Air wind system (LTA) is an innovative approach to wind energy harvesting using buoyant structures to capture stronger and more consistent wind currents at elevated heights. This research focuses on optimizing shell shape for these systems by comparing different designs based on payload capacity. This study evaluates two airfoil shell forms, symmetric and cambered airfoils, against a 40 % thickness ellipse-based shell. The analysis employs a 5-kW wind turbine model as a case study, incorporating payload assessments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to evaluate each design flow acceleration rate. The ERA5 reanalysis utilized wind speed data to assess the energy yields at various altitudes in rural areas in Egypt. The results indicate that the maximum air velocity at the throat of the elliptical shell was 132 % higher than the free stream velocity. Compared to a turbine without a shell at 50 m height, the ellipse-based shell at 150 m altitude increased the annual energy generation by over 67 %. The NACA 9030 airfoil showed a 10 % increase over the ellipse-based shell and a 6 % improvement over the Eppler 863 shell. The critical wind speed for the drag-to-buoyancy behavior transition of the full-scale elliptical model increased to 35 m/s, surpassing the NACA 9430 shell, which occurs at 23 m/s. Additionally, the elliptical shell allows for a 15 % reduction in chord length compared to the NACA 9030 shell. These findings demonstrate the potential of LTA wind systems, particularly those using ellipse-based shells, to improve wind energy harvesting efficiency and reduce material costs
Assessing Cascaded Op-Amp and Pre-Current Amplifier Configurations in Transimpedance Amplifier Interfacing Circuits for Nano-Scale Current-Based Sensor Applications
No full textThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of two proposed configurations for current-to-voltage converters tailored for nano-scale current-based sensor applications, focusing on key performance metrics such as linearity, dynamic range, DC noise immunity, and power losses. The evaluation employed frequency-dependent analyses, including transient response, step response, input impedance, and frequency-dependent noise spectra, to compare a cascaded double output configuration with a pre-current amplifier design. The results indicate a trade-off between dynamic range and linearity, with the pre-current amplifier demonstrating a higher dynamic range but lower linearity compared to the cascaded configuration. Additionally, the current amplifier configuration exhibited advantages in power consumption and input impedance. The study underscores the significance of frequency-dependent analyses for dynamic sensor operations, highlighting the effectiveness of both circuits in achieving stable transient responses and thorough time response analysis. Notably, the pre-current amplifier circuit showcased superior input impedance characteristics, achieving an impressive DC input impedance of 2.8 GΩ, which is well-suited for coupling with the 117 kΩ impedance of the troponin biosensor, thereby minimizing signal degradation. The findings offer valuable insights for optimizing current-based sensor interfacing circuits to enhance performance in nano-scale applications. The uniqueness of this research is marked by the development of two innovative circuit designs—the Cascaded Configuration and the Pre-current Amplifier Configuration—both of which significantly improve sensitivity, dynamic range, and noise immunity compared to existing literature. Moreover, by optimizing power consumption and layout area, this work presents a practical and efficient framework for portable medical applications, advancing the state-of-the-art in biosensor interfacing and contributing to more accurate and reliable cardiac diagnostics
ASSESSMENT OF INCISIVE CANAL MORPHOLOGY AND POSITION IN A SAMPLE OF EGYPTIAN POPULATION: A CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
No full textABSTRACT Several studies have highlighted the diversity in the anatomy of the incisive canal. Evaluation of incisive canal as well as its approximation to the maxillary incisor root is crucial before orthodontic treatment, implant placement and other surgical procedures in the anterior maxillary area. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides detailed three-dimensional information and have been used to evaluate the nasopalatine region with high accuracy along with relative safety due to low radiation exposure. Aim: The study aimed to provide analysis of the nasopalatine canal anatomy using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in a sample of the Egyptian population. Materials & methods: A retrospective study will conducted on 100 CBCT scan, 50 males and 50 females taken between years 2022 & 2024, for various purpose such as orthodontic treatment and implant surgeries. CBCT were randomly selected from archives of radiology department of the Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt. CBCT will obtained with Planmeca® Viso G7 machine (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Fin land). The acquisition parameters were as follow: field of view 25 x 25 cm, voxel size 200 µm, tube voltage 100 kV, and current 50 mA. Images were saved as digital imaging and communication in medicine (DICOM) files, and sagittal and horizontal views of those were extracted and evaluated using Planmeca Romexis® software (Version 6.3. Planmeca Oy Asentajankatu 6 FIN-00880 Helsinki, Finland). Images were viewed using Dell monitor (22’’ Full HD 1920 × 1080 display) in dimmed light roo
Morphine Versus Nalbuphine as Intra-Articular Medications Following Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textPurpose: This study aimed at comparing the therapeutic effect of nalbuphine in comparison to morphine after Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis in patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). Materials and Methods: Twenty-four female patients diagnosed with ADDwoR. Patients were treated with TMJ arthrocentesis then randomly divided into parallel groups. Group (A) received an intra-articular injection of 2 mL 10 mg morphine and group (B) received an intraarticular injection of 2 mL 10 mg nalbuphine. Each patient was assessed in terms of maximum mouth opening (MMO), lateral excursions and pain according to visual analogue scale (VAS). Follow-up was made at the intervals of 1 week 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: A vast improvement was attained in both groups in all assessment variables with a significant value at the end of the follow-up period in comparison to the preoperative assessment values. Yet there was an insignificant difference between both groups regarding the assessment criteria. However insignificant yet the scales tip slightly towards nalbuphine group. Conclusion: Nalbuphine is a highly potent and effective analgesic to be administered post TMJ arthrocentesis in patients with closed lock and highly comparable to that of morphine
The Influence of Adhesive Curing Mode (Light vs. Dual) on the Microtensile Bond Strength of CAD/CAM Composite Blocks to Human Dentin : (In-Vitro Study)
No full textZero liquid discharge of petrochemical industry wastewaters via environmentally friendly technologies: An overview
No full textHalf of the world\u27s population, or 90% of the developing countries, may be affected by water scarcity, which is predicted to quadruple in size over the next 25 years. Petrochemical industries, which are linked to water-intensive industrial processes, are concerned with such “water-intensive” scenario. Water is primarily used in these industries in different aspects including: cooling towers, high-pressure boilers, process water, firefighting water, and municipal activities including potable water, with cooling towers being the largest water consumers. Accordingly, industries have to consider the alternatives eco-friendly solutions concerning safe reuse water. Therefore, it is crucial to implement steps towards wastewater reuse technology. In this respect, the current conventional treatment systems are unable to remove the high level of salts present in such wastewaters. This prevents water reuse in the industrial process. Due to the release of these industries; as toxic effluent streams; into the environment, the expansion of petrochemical industry is frequently linked to significant negative environmental impact. Therefore, the petro-chemical wastewaters are; then; classified as having extremely high concentration of variable organic pollutants that are mostly highly resistant to the bio-degradation treatment. The present review article presents the most important integrated technologies dealing with the treatment of petrochemical discharged wastewater. The main aim include: safe discharge, and / or adequate/ safe reused. On the other hand, it is recommended to adapt the current eco-friendly techniques for treatment of various wastewaters so that the treated effluent can be recovered, reused, and / or safely reclaimed. In this review, the approaches for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) around the world are thoroughly reviewed, along with their applicability in petrochemical industry
Enhancement of Wasted Backwash Water Using Basic Sand Filtration System
No full textDuring the last stage of treatment in the drinking water treatment plants, backwashing the sand filter effluent consumes roughly 15 to 20% of the treated drinking water. This backwashing water (BWW) is finally discharged as useless wastewater. The present study subjected BWW to a soil infiltration system as an aquifer treatment. The infiltration depths of the renovated water were studied by collecting samples at different depths from the in-filtered water. The results showed that the employed sandy soil in the present study efficiently renovated BWW. The depth should be 300 cm or deeper for an efficient renovation process. The characteristics of the in-filtered water, depth, and the type of soil employed represent important factors in terms of water renovation. It was recommended; then; to employ the suggested renovation system for treatment of the discharged BWW. The effectiveness and affordability of the sand infiltration system as a technique for BWW treatment have been demonstrated. It was; then; recommended that the BWW should not be discharged as wasted water, but should be considered as additional source to be treated along with the Canal water as an additional water resource. It was; then; recommended to treat the BWW; accordingly; instead of discharging to any water ways. Consequently; we should avoid the discharge of BWW to waterways as wastewater
Integrating machine learning and symbolic regression for predicting damage initiation in hybrid FRP bolted connections
No full textIntegrating medical plastic waste pyrolysis and circular economy for environmental sustainability
No full textA critical assessment of pyrolysis technologies and reactor designs was discussed, highlighting various reactor configurations. This study explored the influence of catalysts, temperature, heating rate, and residence time on the pyrolysis process, and addressed their effects on product distribution and composition. Safety considerations and strategies for mitigating the potential environmental impacts of pyrolysis were presented. Comparative analyses of the environmental impacts of traditional waste disposal methods versus pyrolysis-based approaches provided insights into the potential reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants. The circular economy approach was explored in the context of medical plastic waste pyrolysis. The potential for closing the loop by transforming plastic waste into valuable resources was addressed. The integration of pyrolysis-derived products into existing supply chains was discussed in detail. The role of simulation technology, with an emphasis on Aspen Plus, in optimizing the plastic pyrolysis process was explained. The integration of simulation technology allowed for the prediction and optimization of product yields, energy consumption, and overall process efficiency. The application of AI-enabled predictive maintenance, early detection of process anomalies, and adaptive control strategies contributing to safer and more efficient pyrolysis operations. The integration of pyrolysis-derived products into existing supply chains was studied, illustrating how they can serve as raw materials for manufacturing new products, thereby reducing the demand for virgin resources. Incorporating simulation technology, artificial intelligence, and circular economy principles into the discussion enriched the review by providing insights into the technical and strategic aspects of advancing medical plastic waste pyrolysis as a sustainable waste management solution
Effect of high-dose N-acetyl cysteine on the clinical outcome of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a randomized controlled study
No full textBackground
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a vastly common and bothersome disorder with a clinically challenging course of treatment affecting patients with diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high dose oral N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as adjuvant therapy on clinical outcome of DPN. Methods
A prospective, randomized, parallel, open label, controlled clinical trial. Ninety eligible DPN patients were randomly assigned to either control group receiving standard of care or NAC group receiving standard of care treatment and NAC at a dose of 2400 mg/day for 12 weeks. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nuclear factor erythoid-2 related factor (NRF-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks to assess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Michigan neuropathy screening instrument (MNSI), Toronto clinical neuropathy score (TCNS), Diabetic neuropathy score (DNS), Diabetes-39 quality of life questionnaire (DQOL) and pain score were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results
NAC group showed a significant increase (p \u3c 0.05) in NRF-2 by 25.3% and GPx by 100% and a decline of 21.45% in TNF-alpha levels versus controls that reported a decline in NRF-2 and GPx and an increase in TNF-alpha. HgbA1C and AST levels significantly decreased in NAC versus controls (7.2 ± 1 vs 8 ± 1.1, p = 0.028 and 29.1 vs 55.4, p = 0.012) respectively. NAC administration resulted in a significant decline in MNSA, TCNS, DNS and pain scores versus controls that showed increase in all scores. The QOL total score and the anxiety and energy and mobility domain scores significantly decreased in the NAC group versus controls, p \u3c 0.001. Conclusion
High dose NAC administered for 12 weeks modulated inflammation by reducing TNF-alpha and increasing GPx and NRF2 versus controls. NAC improved clinical outcomes of DPN reflected by a decline in neuropathy and pain scores and an improvement in QOL