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MANTEÑO LANDSCAPE IN CONSTRUCTION: GEOARCHAEOLOGY IN THE CLOUD FOREST, COASTAL ECUADOR
No full textThis research explores archaeological soil micromorphology as an experimental method for studying the effects of intensive landscape transformation in the Manteño inland urban clusters of the Las Tusas River Valley of Rio Blanco, Manabi, Ecuador. Specifically, during this period, the Manteño society expanded its influence along the Ecuadorian littoral, incorporating the cloud forest of the Chongón Colonche cordillera as part of its settlement strategy. Micromorphology could provide detailed information about the cultural processes that formed the soil structure of the archaeological midden of N4C4-044. This work presents the results of soil micromorphology in a Neotropical Forest of Central Coastal Ecuador, showing that pre-Columbian human activities directly impacted soil structure and played a crucial role in the landscape pathway
Stand Your Ground But For Who? The Criminalization of Black Women in Self-Defense Laws
Get PDFStand Your Ground is an American statute based on the legal notion of castle doctrine. 14 Stand Your Ground is the protection of the responsibility to not retreat and stand your ground, granting any citizen the right to use lethal force without fleeing from a reasonable threat. However, the implementation of these laws has been marred by racial bias and systemic discrimination, resulting in unequal outcomes for Black people, particularly women, who find themselves in situations when self-defense is required. In evaluating multiple cases of black woman failing to successfully claim self-defense under Stand Your Ground laws, we seek to understand how racial stereotypes of Black women as violent, fearless, and deserving of punishment, as well as racial discrimination against black women in our legal system, contribute to state statutes being applied unequally to defendants who both initially claimed immunity under Stand Your Ground. Stand Your Ground legislation should be used to empower all individuals seeking self-defense protection rather than to impede justice, especially for those who are most vulnerable to violence and injustice in our society
A Brief History of Voter Disenfranchisement Laws in the U.S.
Get PDFoai:digitalcommons.fau.edu:ulj-1003Following false claims of voter fraud during the 2020 presidential election, several conservative states sought to pass laws designed to limit voter fraud. However, these laws quite clearly restrict the electorate and disproportionally affect the political participation of minority, lower-class, and female voters. The trend of restricting voting rights in the U.S., whether implicitly or explicitly, is not new. Despite claiming to prioritize democratic participation, the U.S. has a history of laws that have limited eligible voters based on race, class, and gender. This is apparent through a close analysis of U.S. voting laws beginning with eligibility as determined by the Constitution and examining how that definition has been molded as the electorate slowly expanded to encompass African Americans and women following the Civil War and the Suffrage movement, respectively. Additionally, this warrants examining how this eligibility was enforced in practice. For example, African Americans were given the ability to vote following the passage of the 15th Amendment. However, voting was not a reality for many African Americans in the South who were unable to register, intimidated, and forced to comply with laws designed to keep them from voting all the way until the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Comparing the progression of voting laws to reality reveals a trend of disenfranchisement in the U.S. that can be directly connected to laws promulgated following the 2020 election
Minority Access to Education and Affirmative Action
Get PDFEducation opens doors to those who can participate in it. For example, pay ceilings based on degrees of education, voting, rights in the US, and many more liberties are a part of the “American Dream .”Minorities have been denied the right to education for hundreds of years, limiting their influence within government, ability to make a living, or freedom from oppression, all rights that white Americans can participate in without having to worry about race. Enslaved people were told they could not learn how to read for fear they would realize they were no different from the people who oppressed them, and literacy tests barred minorities from voting. Currently, schools in minority-predominant areas experience underfunding, and affirmative action disputes the already small percentage of minority students in top schools due to these continuing generational traditions of oppression
About the Journal
Get PDFThe Florida Atlantic University Undergraduate Law Journal (ULJ) is a student led research organization dedicated to promoting the discussion of contemporary legal topics as well as providing a forum for students who have an interest in the law. Our students engage in a collaborative editorial process designed to encourage and refine ideas and writing skills. FAU undergraduate students are invited to participate by submitting articles related to legal issues and to facilitate publication by managing the editorial and business processes
Crisis in the Classroom: The Rise of Book Bans Threatening American Youth
Get PDFInspired by the experiences of his father as a Polish Jew during the reign of Adolf Hitler, author Art Spiegelman wrote Maus to memorialize the lives of Holocaust survivors. However, multiple state governments have attempted to limit American youth’s access to Maus and other classic literature by pulling books from classroom shelves.1 According to PEN America, over 5,000 books have been banned in the United States in the last two years, with more than half of these bans targeting young adult literature.2 The most commonly objected themes in these books were depictions of violence, the discussion of racism, and the inclusion of LGBTQ+ characters.3 As a result, authors like Art Spiegelman are worried that this rise of book bans is part of an agenda to “other” already marginalized groups, inhibiting American children’s ability to navigate an increasingly diverse countr
Res Communis and the Space Race: A Lesson (Yet To Be) Learned
Get PDFThere has been a shift towards privatization and nationalism regarding the exploration of outer space despite these actions being in direct opposition to international space law. This article will explain and argue against these recent developments, using the current dilemma regarding the future of the space stations located in low Earth orbit (LEO) and the potential for a manned bases on the Moon. This article will focus on the legal framework of both international customary law as well as multilateral treaties, including but not limited to the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 in comparison to national policy by explaining the ironic and concerning developments currently happening in contrast to those during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a result, it will be argued that we must not repeat the mistakes of that era and must instead learn from them and substantiate them in the form of international and national law, building on the legal regime founded during that time
There is a Future if there is Truth: It’s not a Lesser Evil
No full textThe volume It\u27s Not a Lesser Evil: Children and Adolescents in the Armed Conflict addresses the impacts of the war and the violence directed against the population under eighteen years of age as revealed by the Truth Commission\u27s hearings. The testimonies highlight the experiences of loss and orphanhood, and the attacks on schools and their surroundings, as the most invisible experiences suffered by Colombian children and adolescents, while forced displacement was the most frequent and widespread form of violence. It also delves into the recruitment of children and adolescents by armed groups as an intentional and systematic phenomenon of the Colombian conflict and, finally, examines the coping mechanisms and resilience of these victims, who, despite being marked by such painful experiences, found ways to fight for their rights and redefine their stories.https://digitalcommons.fau.edu/faculty_books/1003/thumbnail.jp
The Balancing Act: Human Rights and the Dynamics of Border Control Policies
Get PDFThe crisis in immigration and border control presents a significant challenge to the field of human rights law, urging a thorough exploration of the overlap between migration policies and essential human rights
