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Impacts and Strategies in Positive Student-teacher Relationships
No full textResearchers, educational professionals, and classroom teachers consistently seek out ways to engage students in the classroom. For some students, engagement comes naturally. They connect easily with people and are by nature, curious and active learners. For these students, traditionally taught textbook engagement strategies are often very effective and lead to a vibrant classroom experience. Conversely, in almost every classroom there are one, or two students. The one who the classroom teacher struggles to connect with. The student is disengaged in the classroom, does not complete work or participate in class lectures and discussions. Though well educated in engagement strategies, classroom teachers often find it challenging, and frequently, fail, in building relationships and engaging these students. Research has demonstrated that students’ engagement improves as their relationship with their teachers improves. Often students who are struggling in the classroom are also students who are struggling with mental health concerns, which frequently present in internalizing or externalizing behaviors. Given this, it is highly relevant to explore and determine strategies that show positive impacts related to student-teacher relationships. Intentionally implementing relationship-building strategies and better incorporating ways to connect are likely to show positive impacts in students with mental health concerns, who have previously had challenges in the classroom
The Impact of Standardized Testing on the Mental Health of Teachers, Parents, and Students
No full textStandardized testing has a negative impact on the mental well-being of teachers, families, and students. The anxiety around standardized testing impacts the teachers as they feel responsible for student performance, leading to a decline in mental health. Due to this anxiety, teachers are using tactics like fear appeals and conditional support to control student success. Families feel the threat of these consequences as low student performance impacts the social stigma of the school’s neighborhood. Families exert pressure on students by trying to control the student’s thoughts and environment, believing it will lead to academic success. When students perform under pressure, their standardized test scores may not be an accurate representation of their knowledge and their mental health has been damaged. Teachers, families, and students can try various strategies, like deep breathing and setting mastery goals, to improve the cycle of anxiety
Search for long-lived particles using displaced jets in proton-proton collisions at s =13 TeV
No full textAn inclusive search is presented for long-lived particles using displaced jets. The search uses a data sample collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2017 and 2018, from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The results of this search are combined with those of a previous search using a data sample collected with the CMS detector in 2016, yielding a total integrated luminosity of 132 fb-1. The analysis searches for the distinctive topology of displaced tracks and displaced vertices associated with a dijet system. For a simplified model, where pair-produced long-lived neutral particles decay into quark-antiquark pairs, pair production cross sections larger than 0.07 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level (C.L.) for long-lived particle masses larger than 500 GeV and mean proper decay lengths between 2 and 250 mm. For a model where the standard model-like Higgs boson decays to two long-lived scalar particles that each decays to a quark-antiquark pair, branching fractions larger than 1% are excluded at 95% C.L. for mean proper decay lengths between 1 mm and 340 mm. A group of supersymmetric models with pair-produced long-lived gluinos or top squarks decaying into various final-state topologies containing displaced jets is also tested. Gluino masses up to 2500 GeV and top squark masses up to 1600 GeV are excluded at 95% C.L. for mean proper decay lengths between 3 and 300 mm. The highest lower bounds on mass reach 2600 GeV for long-lived gluinos and 1800 GeV for long-lived top squarks. These are the most stringent limits to date on these models
Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC
No full textThe performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb-1. Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at √sNN=5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016-2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps
Measurements of the differential cross sections of the production of Z + jets and γ + jets and of Z boson emission collinear with a jet in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV
No full textMeasurements of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production, and their ratio, are presented as a function of the boson transverse momentum. Measurements are also presented of the angular distribution between the Z boson and the closest jet. The analysis is based on pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results, corrected for detector effects, are compared with various theoretical predictions. In general, the predictions at higher orders in perturbation theory show better agreement with the measurements. This work provides the first measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production at 13 TeV, as well as the first direct measurement of Z bosons emitted collinearly with a jet. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Erratum to: Search for dark matter produced in association with a leptonically decaying Z boson in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 Te (The European Physical Journal C, (2021), 81, 1, (13), 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08739-5)
No full textA Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08739-
Observation of Forward Neutron Multiplicity Dependence of Dimuon Acoplanarity in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN =5.02 TeV
No full textThe first measurement of the dependence of γγ→μ+μ- production on the multiplicity of neutrons emitted very close to the beam direction in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions is reported. Data for lead-lead interactions at sNN=5.02 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of approximately 1.5 nb-1, are collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The azimuthal correlations between the two muons in the invariant mass region 88.3. The back-to-back correlation structure from leading-order photon-photon scattering is found to be significantly broader for events with a larger number of emitted neutrons from each nucleus, corresponding to interactions with a smaller impact parameter. This observation provides a data-driven demonstration that the average transverse momentum of photons emitted from relativistic heavy ions has an impact parameter dependence. These results provide new constraints on models of photon-induced interactions in ultraperipheral collisions. They also provide a baseline to search for possible final-state effects on lepton pairs caused by traversing a quark-gluon plasma produced in hadronic heavy ion collisions
Search for resonant and nonresonant new phenomena in high-mass dilepton final states at √s = 13 TeV
No full textA search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (SM) using electron or muon pairs with high invariant mass. A data set of proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at s = 13 TeV from 2016 to 2018 corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 140 fb−1 is analyzed. No significant deviation is observed with respect to the SM background expectations. Upper limits are presented on the ratio of the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction to dileptons of a new narrow resonance to that of the Z boson. These provide the most stringent lower limits to date on the masses for various spin-1 particles, spin-2 gravitons in the Randall-Sundrum model, as well as spin-1 mediators between the SM and dark matter particles. Lower limits on the ultraviolet cutoff parameter are set both for four-fermion contact interactions and for the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali model with large extra dimensions. Lepton flavor universality is tested at the TeV scale for the first time by comparing the dimuon and dielectron mass spectra. No significant deviation from the SM expectation of unity is observed. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Search for supersymmetry in final states with two oppositely charged same-flavor leptons and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV
No full textA search for phenomena beyond the standard model in final states with two oppositely charged same-flavor leptons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The search uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1, collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Three potential signatures of physics beyond the standard model are explored: an excess of events with a lepton pair, whose invariant mass is consistent with the Z boson mass; a kinematic edge in the invariant mass distribution of the lepton pair; and the nonresonant production of two leptons. The observed event yields are consistent with those expected from standard model backgrounds. The results of the first search allow the exclusion of gluino masses up to 1870 GeV, as well as chargino (neutralino) masses up to 750 (800) GeV, while those of the searches for the other two signatures allow the exclusion of light-flavor (bottom) squark masses up to 1800 (1600) GeV and slepton masses up to 700 GeV, respectively, at 95% confidence level within certain supersymmetry scenarios. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Searches for vector-like quarks at CMS
No full textThe CMS Collaboration has a robust program of searches for vector-like quarks. The first search available using 137 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data with vs = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment in Run 2 of the LHC is presented here. This search targets vector-like B quarks that decay to bH or bZ combinations in a hadronic final state. Lower limits on the mass of the B quark are determined for several branching fraction hypothesis, extending CMS sensitivity to these particles by 300 - 500 GeV, depending on the decay mode