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Speaking Up: How Family Members Advocate for Relatives Living with a Mental Illness
No full textConsumers with a mental health condition often feel powerless and overwhelmed in interactions with mental healthcare providers. Consumer self-advocacy and advocacy actions undertaken by their family members on the behalf of their relative contribute to a sense of empowerment for both consumers and their family members. This qualitative study explored family member perspectives of advocacy actions they took on behalf of their relatives and themselves. Data analysis of interviews with 20 family members, including parents, partners/spouses, siblings, and adult children, yielded three themes of family member advocacy actions: advocating for a relative’s mental healthcare, normalizing mental illness, and engaging in social and political actions. Advocacy frameworks offer useful guidelines for speaking up for individuals who live with a mental illness
Performance of the CMS muon trigger system in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV
No full textThe muon trigger system of the CMS experiment uses a combination of hardware and software to identify events containing a muon. During Run 2 (covering 2015-2018) the LHC achieved instantaneous luminosities as high as 2 × 10 cm s while delivering proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV. The challenge for the trigger system of the CMS experiment is to reduce the registered event rate from about 40 MHz to about 1 kHz. Significant improvements important for the success of the CMS physics program have been made to the muon trigger system via improved muon reconstruction and identification algorithms since the end of Run 1 and throughout the Run 2 data-taking period. The new algorithms maintain the acceptance of the muon triggers at the same or even lower rate throughout the data-taking period despite the increasing number of additional proton-proton interactions in each LHC bunch crossing. In this paper, the algorithms used in 2015 and 2016 and their improvements throughout 2017 and 2018 are described. Measurements of the CMS muon trigger performance for this data-taking period are presented, including efficiencies, transverse momentum resolution, trigger rates, and the purity of the selected muon sample. This paper focuses on the single- and double-muon triggers with the lowest sustainable transverse momentum thresholds used by CMS. The efficiency is measured in a transverse momentum range from 8 to several hundred GeV
Measurement of prompt D\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e and D‾\u3csup\u3e0\u3c/sup\u3e meson azimuthal anisotropy and search for strong electric fields in PbPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV
No full textThe strong Coulomb field created in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions is expected to produce a rapidity-dependent difference (Δv2) in the second Fourier coefficient of the azimuthal distribution (elliptic flow, v2) between D0 (u‾c) and D‾0 (uc‾) mesons. Motivated by the search for evidence of this field, the CMS detector at the LHC is used to perform the first measurement of Δv2. The rapidity-averaged value is found to be 〈Δv2〉=0.001±0.001(stat)±0.003(syst) in PbPb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV. In addition, the influence of the collision geometry is explored by measuring the D0 and D‾0mesons v2 and triangular flow coefficient (v3) as functions of rapidity, transverse momentum (pT), and event centrality (a measure of the overlap of the two Pb nuclei). A clear centrality dependence of prompt D0 meson v2 values is observed, while the v3 is largely independent of centrality. These trends are consistent with expectations of flow driven by the initial-state geometry
Measurements of the pp → W\u3csup\u3e±\u3c/sup\u3e γγ and pp → Zγγ cross sections at √s = 13 TeV and limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings
No full textThe cross section for W or Z boson production in association with two photons is measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The W → ℓν and Z → ℓℓ decay modes (where ℓ = e, μ) are used to extract the Wγγ and Zγγ cross sections in a phase space defined by electron (muon) with transverse momentum larger than 30 GeV and photon transverse momentum larger than 20 GeV. All leptons and photons are required to have absolute pseudorapidity smaller than 2.5. The measured cross sections in this phase space are σ(Wγγ) = 13.6−1.9+1.9(stat)−4.0+4.0(syst) ± 0.08 (PDF + scale) fb and σ(Zγγ) = 5.41−0.55+0.58(stat)−.070+0.64(syst) ± 0.06 (PDF + scale) fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set in the framework of an effective field theory with dimension-8 operators. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
MUSiC: a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton–proton collisions at √s=13TeV
No full textResults of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton–proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb-1, are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches
Evidence for electroweak production of four charged leptons and two jets in proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV
No full textEvidence is presented for the electroweak (EW) production of two jets (jj) in association with two Z bosons and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are set. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s=13TeV collected with the CMS detector in 2016–2018, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137fb−1. The search is performed in the fully leptonic final state ZZ→ℓℓℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The EW production of two jets in association with two Z bosons is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 4.0 (3.5) standard deviations. The cross sections for the EW production are measured in three fiducial volumes and the result is σEW(pp→ZZjj→ℓℓℓ′ℓ′jj)=0.33−0.10+0.11(stat)−0.03+0.04(syst)fb in the most inclusive volume, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.275±0.021fb. Measurements of total cross sections for jj production in association with two Z bosons are also reported. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are derived in terms of the effective field theory operators T0, T1, T2, T8, and T9
Reducing Depression in Metlakatla Adolescents Through Prevention and Intervention Training in Educators
Get PDFAmerican Indian and Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) are reported to experience 2.5 times more psychological distress when compared to non-indigenous populations (Anxiety and Depression Association of America [ADAA], 2020). The Metlakatla Indian Community in Alaska is one AI/AN group that has high rates of mental illness (J. Burton, personal communication, October 7, 2020). Youth in the U.S. spend approximately 20% of their time in a school setting, therefore depression prevention and intervention education programs are increasingly considered best practiced in schools (Joshi, 2019). Educators have thus been identified as individuals that can be highly effective in recognizing and intervening when a student has a depressive disorder (Joshi, 2019). For this community project a pamphlet was created with the purpose of educating Metlakatla educators. Information in the pamphlet includes why adolescent depression is a relevant issue, how educators play a vital role in recognizing depression in their students, signs and symptoms of adolescent depression, ways educators can intervene with their depressed students and available mental health resources. This information could be further administered on a broader scale in future extensions of this project
Bullying Interventions in K-12 Schools: an Extensive Look at the Essential Components of an Effective Bullying Intervention Program
Get PDFThis thesis addresses the essential researched-based components of effective bullying intervention programs in K-12 schools. It provides an overview of bullying which includes; a definition, types of bullying, bullying motivation, and the effects that bullying has on adolescents. The thesis also identifies risk factors that are associated with bullying victimization, as well as risk factors associated with becoming a bully. These risk factors support the need for bullying intervention programs. The following research will identify past and current intervention programs, as well as highlight what these programs need to address with the goal of decreasing bullying in the school environment. This thesis concludes that anti-bullying intervention programs, cyberbullying interventions, peer support, and parental involvement are all necessary to decrease the bullying culture that can be found in K-12 schools. This research establishes the essential components that effective bullying intervention programs have not only in schools, but also in the classroom, on the individual and on the community level
Does Implementing Neck Strengthening Exercises Reduce the Risk of Concussion?
Get PDFBackground: There is currently no standard process or preventative method to reduce the risk of concussions. Researchers have claimed that new helmet technology, q-collar necklace, and mouthguards can reduce concussions, but the evidence is lacking. Neck strength is emerging as a possible preventative method to help athletes decrease the likelihood of sustaining a concussion. The theory suggests that individuals with stronger neck muscles will engage their cervical muscles during a collision, reducing the deceleration of the head. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to answer the clinical question, does implementing neck strengthening exercises into an athlete’s workout program reduce the risk of concussions in contact sports compared to athletes that do not implement neck strengthening exercises? Results: Seventeen scholarly articles were analyzed using a matrix format and were evaluated with the PEDro Scale. 6 out of the 17 studies recommended neck strengthening exercises to reduce the risk of concussions; 7 suggested there was no benefit, and four articles were inconclusive. Conclusion: The findings of this Critical Review show inconclusive evidence suggesting that there is not enough evidence to support implementing a neck strengthening program to reduce concussions. The five articles that supported the use of cervical neck strength programs to reduce the risk presented strong evidence, but seven articles did not support the research. Implications for Research and Practice: Research has improved the ability to diagnose and treat concussions, but the current protocols established to help reduce the risk of head injuries are lacking. Athletic Trainers are encouraged to remain current with evidence-based practices and help advance future research. Further research is needed to obtain more excellent quality articles with a larger number of participants and acquire more data to determine the ability to improve neck-strength to reduce the risk of concussions
Implementing a Health and Wellness Program for Low Income Children and Their Families: A Community Outreach Program
Get PDFLow income status has been proven to have negative effects on overall health, such as increased prevalence of chronic diseases and poor childhood development (Gupta, de Wit, & McKeown, 2007). Children living in communities of this status often do not have access to healthy foods or exercise facilities in comparison to middle and upper class children (Gupta, de Wit, & McKeown, 2007). Enhancement of education on these topics has the ability to combat the risk for poor health outcomes. A health and wellness program called SMILE was created and implemented at a child care center, called Carol Mathey’s Center for Children and Families in Oakdale, Minnesota. The child care center is mainly composed of low-income families and a diverse student population (S. Penn, personal communication, October 21 2020). The program contained three main components: physical health, nutrition and mental health. Educational, high energy, and interactive activities were used as the main methods during a half day program. The program also included a take-home component, facilitating continued discussion on these important topics within the child’s household. Successes of the program included student engagement, age-appropriateness of materials created, and continued use of the techniques taught. The activity materials created for the physical health, nutrition and mental health components of SMILE were donated to the child care center with an instruction manual to be used in the future