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Benefits of Physical Activity for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textAdolescents with autism live a more sedentary lifestyle than those without an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Lack of exercise results in increased health risks, obesity, and decreased quality of life, exercise, motor skills, and peer interaction. Exercise can serve as a treatment for those with autism that increases quality of life, improves peer relationships, overall health, and increases expected behaviors. Special education providers should receive training about the benefits of physical activity along with strategies to best incorporate physical activity into daily routines, instruction, and goals. Due to lack of systemic resources and social opportunities, researchers cite many benefits to incorporating physical activity in the school setting as part of academic programming, including reduced parental stress, improved behavior and improved social skills and mental health. In addition, newly designed educational experiences improve the overall quality of life for students and their families
The Most Effective Ways to Teach Social Skills to Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders
No full textThis thesis explores the most effective ways to teach social skills to individuals with ASD. It takes a deeper look into the importance of teaching and using social skills instruction when working with individuals with ASD, social skills areas of focus, social skills interventions, strategies, and procedures for individuals with ASD. Specific types of interventions that are examined include: theatrical play or role-play, video modeling, peer mentoring, social groups, computer-based intervention, social stories, and psychotherapy. Various factors contribute to the implementation of social skills, including the setting, resources, population, and costs. Current research shows that there are many different techniques when looking at ways to implement social and emotional skills interventions into the classroom. It takes professional expertise and getting to know the individual with ASD to know what will truly work best in each individualized case when it comes to learning social and emotional skills. Evidence-based, individualized instruction should ultimately be used
Recorded Instructor Feedback in Online Education
No full textThe purpose of feedback is to communicate information to students about their performance or understanding. Instructor-created recorded audio is one method that may improve the effectiveness and efficiency of feedback. This literature review examines the effectiveness of audio feedback on improving student learning and performance. In relation to student experience, studies demonstrate a positive response from students to many aspects of audio feedback. These include increased engagement, better understanding of feedback, and a perception of more personalized feedback from instructors. Audio feedback has also been reported to positively impact the students\u27 perception of instructors. Some studies suggest that audio feedback can be an inclusive strategy appealing to students who prefer aural modalities as well as multilingual learners. Though students consistently had positive feelings about audio feedback, the literature indicates a wide range of preference for feedback modes. Audio feedback appears to be heading toward a point in time where it can be proven to save time for instructors, and as technology improves, the technical glitches can be resolved and processes can be streamlined to remove this potential barrier
Increasing Student Self-Determination Through IEP Meeting Participation
No full textDeveloping self-determination during the school years is a crucial component of the special education process. These skills, which are particularly important for students with disabilities, allow individuals to advocate for themselves and gain control over their educational future. Unfortunately, the traditional special education process leaves little room for self-determination instruction. Educators feel ill-equipped to teach this skill, and it is often not included in students’ instruction. Thus, students have minimal understanding of how to participate meaningfully in IEP preparation and meetings, resulting in a missed opportunity for developing their self-determination skills. This thesis aims to analyze the research regarding self-determination strategies that can be utilized by special education teachers when planning for and managing IEP meetings to maximize the benefits of student participation. The analysis of this research demonstrated that students who receive self-determination instruction through IEP meeting preparation and participation increase their self-awareness of their strengths, needs, and personal goals, assist in creating their own goals, and improving their verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Based on this research, it can be concluded that using the IEP meeting as an opportunity for self-determination instruction results in significant skill development in special education students
The Value of Adapting Counseling to Client’s Spirituality and Religion: Evidence-Based Relationship Factors
No full textThere is a strong tradition of attention to relationship factors in the field of counseling. The research on the importance of the relationship and adapting to client factors continues to grow, supporting the importance of professional multicultural competence. The field of counseling, specifically within the United States context, has focused on Multicultural Counseling Competencies with more recent emphasis on social justice through the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies. Within these competencies, spirituality and religion are mentioned as multicultural components to consider as potentially salient to clients. Yet, there has been less emphasis on ways to adapt counseling to a client’s spirituality and religion compared to other multicultural components of one’s identity, such as race, gender, and culture. Historically, a lack of training, fear of causing offense, or concerns about influencing clients, resulted in clients’ spirituality and religion being overlooked far too often in counseling. Despite this tendency, recent clinical evidence on relational responsiveness identifies the adaptation of counseling to a client’s spirituality and religion as highly effective. In this article, the authors discuss how adapting counseling to a client’s spirituality and religion, in relation to all multicultural factors salient to the client, enhances relational responsiveness and treatment effectiveness. The authors also discuss the implications for training, supervision, and practice
The Lived Experience of College Students with Intellectual Disabilities
No full textWithin a private university in the United States, BUILD is a two-year program for individuals with intellectual disabilities. BUILD provides inclusive opportunities in coursework, employment, residential, and social activities with traditional students, as well as life skills and career training in courses specific to BUILD students.
This empirical phenomenological research study explored the lived experience of students with intellectual disabilities enrolled in the BUILD program. From interviews with six participants, the themes of social experience, independence, safety, and belonging emerged. The findings of this research indicate that the opportunity-rich environment, a network of support, and a community of belonging contributed to the participants’ growth in self-determination. Therefore, innovative college programs can be used as an intervention to improve or enhance the self-determination of individuals with intellectual disabilities and these findings offer intervention components to consider in designing and implementing future programming
First measurement of large area jet transverse momentum spectra in heavy-ion collisions
No full textJet production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV is studied with the CMS detector at the LHC, using PbPb and pp data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of 404 μb−1 and 27.4 pb−1, respectively. Jets with different areas are reconstructed using the anti-kT algorithm by varying the distance parameter R. The measurements are performed using jets with transverse momenta (pT) greater than 200 GeV and in a pseudorapidity range of |η| \u3c 2. To reveal the medium modification of the jet spectra in PbPb collisions, the properly normalized ratio of spectra from PbPb and pp data is used to extract jet nuclear modification factors as functions of the PbPb collision centrality, pT and, for the first time, as a function of R up to 1.0. For the most central collisions, a strong suppression is observed for high-pT jets reconstructed with all distance parameters, implying that a significant amount of jet energy is scattered to large angles. The dependence of jet suppression on R is expected to be sensitive to both the jet energy loss mechanism and the medium response, and so the data are compared to several modern event generators and analytic calculations. The models considered do not fully reproduce the data. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and p p ¯ Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements
No full textWe describe an analysis comparing the pp¯ elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM cross sections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of s=1.96 TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scattering amplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound
Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at √s = 13 TeV
No full textMeasurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1. Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12±0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations. [Figure not available: see fulltext.
The CMS Phase-1 pixel detector upgrade
No full textThe CMS detector at the CERN LHC features a silicon pixel detector as its innermost subdetector. The original CMS pixel detector has been replaced with an upgraded pixel system (CMS Phase-1 pixel detector) in the extended year-end technical stop of the LHC in 2016/2017. The upgraded CMS pixel detector is designed to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities that have been achieved by the LHC after the upgrades to the accelerator during the first long shutdown in 2013-2014. Compared to the original pixel detector, the upgraded detector has a better tracking performance and lower mass with four barrel layers and three endcap disks on each side to provide hit coverage up to an absolute value of pseudorapidity of 2.5. This paper describes the design and construction of the CMS Phase-1 pixel detector as well as its performance from commissioning to early operation in collision data-taking