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L’épistémologie de Mario Bunge et l’enseignement des modèles et de la modélisation en science : le cas des modèles de l’atome
No full textLes conceptions que les étudiants en sciences ont de la nature des modèles scientifiques conduisent à une image inexacte de ceux-ci, notamment lorsque les modèles sont vus comme de simples copies de la réalité. Outre le fait qu’elle en-tretient une conception fausse de la nature de la science, cette façon de se figurer les modèles peut constituer un obstacle pédagogique à l’apprentissage. Objec-tifs : Nous évaluons l’épistémologie de Mario Bunge afin de déterminer si elle peut contribuer à résoudre les problèmes liés à la nature des modèles dans un contexte d’enseignement des sciences. Approche : Après avoir identifié les principales ca-tégories des modèles chez Bunge, nous les employons pour examiner divers as-pects du développement historique des modèles atomiques, puis nous appli-quons le cadre théorique ainsi obtenu aux problèmes liés aux diverses concep-tions des modèles en enseignement des sciences. Participants : En raison de la nature théorique de cette recherche, cette étude ne fait pas appel à des partici-pants autres que les chercheurs des recherches mentionnées. Collecte et analyse des données : Nous avons effectué une analyse comparative constante afin d’identifier les schémas de signification communs au cas historique et au cadre théorique. Résultats : Les caractéristiques attribuées aux modèles par Bunge ont été identifiées dans le cas des modèles atomiques. Ces caractéristiques forment un point de vue cohérent et permettent d’aborder, dans le contexte de l’enseignement des sciences, plusieurs questions liées aux diverses conceptions des modèles
In what sense is evolution blind to moral truth?
No full textAccording to evolutionary debunking arguments against moral realism, evolution is blind to whether moral judgments are objectively true or false, and this means that our moral beliefs are epistemically defective given realism. But in what sense is evolution blind to moral truth, and why is this epistemically significant? This question has two standard answers, the modalist answer and the explanationist answer. Both answers face difficulties. I present an alternative: the telic answer. According to the telic answer, evolution is blind to moral truth in the sense that it is alethically indifferent to moral beliefs – that is, the truth or falsity of moral beliefs makes no causal difference to the course of evolution (even if moral facts do). This is epistemically significant because it implies, when conjoined with an etiological account of natural functions, that grasping moral truth is not the function of moral cognition. I argue that the telic answer is both independent of and dialectically more promising than the modalist and explanationist answers. I then develop a full-fledged telic debunking argument against moral realism and defend it against objections. I conclude by noting some implications of my arguments for domains beyond metaethics
Heart Disease Prediction using Machine Learning
No full textThe Web Article Summarizer is an advanced NLP-based application that leverages state-of-the-art transformer models, including BART for abstractive summarization and BERT for contextual understanding, combined in a dual-encoder architecture to generate accurate and coherent summaries from lengthy articles. Built using the Flask framework, the system features a scalable RESTful API that enables seamless integration with web and mobile platforms, while its multi-stage preprocessing pipeline ensures optimal text normalization and feature extraction. Evaluated using ROUGE metrics, the solution demonstrates superior performance in maintaining content integrity and domain-specific terminology handling compared to traditional methods. Designed for researchers, students, and professionals, this tool addresses information overload challenges by delivering concise yet comprehensive summaries, with future enhancements planned for multilingual support via mBART, cloud deployment for real-time processing, and JWT authentication for secure API access, making it a versatile and powerful solution for automated text summarization across diverse applications
Choices, Harm, and Reconciliation: Making Sense of Irreversibility in Contexts of Practical Philosophy
No full textThe paper examines the meaning of irreversibility in the context of moral philosophy. It argues that acts or events appear (ir-)reversible only under specific descriptions (while there is room for reasonable argument about which descriptions are adequate). It compares irreversibility-claims about natural and about moral harm and discusses the significance and theory dependence of irreversibility claims in various contexts of practical reasoning
Freud and the exegesis of Exodus ii, 3.
No full textFreud’s 1939 interpretation of the basket (Kästchen) as a symbol of the womb and of the woman, in the parallel accounts of Moses’ infancy and in the Babylonian legend of Sargon of Akkad is here reviewed. Some of the background is given. The lexical association of the Hebrew tēbāh (used both for Moses’ basket and Noah’s ark) is also discussed, and the lack of an equivalent parallel in the Sargon legend with the Akkadian flood story. The salvific motif of the biblical account of the flood and its parallels, including the Epic of Gilgamesh is outlined. Various patristic (allegorical) interpretations of it are presented to demonstrate the way exegesis responded to the changing circumstances of the early Church, particularly during the Decian persecution. The symbolism adopted by Rank, Karl Abraham and Stekel and on which Freud drew (1909 and 1914) is also discussed, and Freud’s earlier philological analysis of the English word ‘box’ from 1900. It is argued that while the biblical text signifies salvation (being ‘rescued from’ something), Freud’s interpretation discloses an autobiographical focus on a desire not for flight but for safety, for a refuge (the ‘containment’ of the womb); one that between writing the first part and 1939 he was destined to find in England. His declared foundation for the interpretation reveals a concern not with the basket but with the false biblical etymology of the name Moses taken up by Josephus and Philo which he had already correctly dismissed with the help of Herlitz and Kirchner’s Jüdisches Lexicon IV (1), 303. In contrast to ‘the meaning of the father’ which Lacan rightly identified as the overall focus of Moses and Monotheism, the premise of the first, earliest part of the book, drawn from the shared story of the infancy of Moses and Sargon, is shown to be the meaning of the woman
APPRAISING THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TAXATION IN NIGERIA
No full textThe all-important function of taxation in the economy is an obvious and incontestable fact; it is one of the major sources of revenue and it is utilized in the management of the economy. However, taxation in many countries especially in the developing ones (with frail tax regimes) is fraught with many debilitating challenges including inefficient tax collection, insufficient automation of tax processes, inadequate capturing of the informal sector, tax evasion and avoidance and ineffective tax administration. In order to effectively tackle these challenges, stringent measures are required. Fortunately, in the modern era, technology has come to the rescue in the form of Artificial Intelligence, a very powerful tool that can be deployed to tackle these challenges and project taxation forward. It is against the above background that this article attempts to examine the intersection of Artificial Intelligence and Taxation and pinpoint how the former can help galvanize the latter. This study was carried out using the doctrinal methodology involving the analysis of relevant texts, articles and other sources. It is hoped and expected that this article will add to the existing literature on this issue and the recommendations herein articulated will prove of much value in advancing the tax regime in Nigeria