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CNN - Enabled Wildlife Surveillance and Monitoring System
No full textThis study uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automate wildlife surveillance by classifying animal species from images. It starts with collecting and preprocessing image data through resizing, normalization, augmentation, and noise reduction. Transfer learning with models like VGG16 or ResNet is used to enhance accuracy and training efficiency. A CNN model is developed using convolutional, pooling, and fully connected layers. The model is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Challenges like lighting variation, background clutter, and occlusion are addressed using optimization techniques. The system supports conservation efforts and suggests future improvements with real-time monitoring and object detection
Unité et multiplicité : métaphysique et éthique chez Spinoza, Zhang Zai et les bouddhistes chan
No full textCe chapitre compare trois systèmes philosophiques sur le rapport entre unité et multiplicité, et leurs implications éthiques. Chez Spinoza, toutes les choses sont des modes d'une substance unique, et l'éthique repose sur la similitude des essences humaines. Chez Zhang Zai, le qi et le taixu forment un processus polaire unifié où l'harmonie naît de la différence plutôt que de la ressemblance. Dans le bouddhisme chan, les choses sont vides de nature propre mais absolument uniques dans leur interdépendance mutuelle. Ces trois approches métaphysiques produisent des éthiques distinctes : Spinoza privilégie la similitude, Zhang valorise l'harmonie des différences, et le chan prône une liberté absolue fondée sur la vacuité. L'analyse révèle comment les conceptions de l'unité et de la multiplicité déterminent les possibilités éthiques de chaque système
Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond. Sixth volume: Various New Uncertain Concepts (Collected Papers)
No full textThis book is the sixth volume in the series of Collected Papers on Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond. Building upon the foundational contributions of previous volumes, this edition focuses on the exploration and development of Various New Uncertain Concepts, further enriching the study of uncertainty and complexity through innovative theoretical advancements and practical applications.
The volume is meticulously organized into 15 chapters, each presenting unique perspectives and contributions to the field. From theoretical explorations to real-world applications, these chapters provide a cohesive and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in uncertain combinatorics, emphasizing the versatility and power of the newly introduced concepts and methodologies.
The first chapter (SuperHypertree-depth – Structural Analysis in SuperHyperGraphs) explores the concept of SuperHypertree-depth, an extension of the classical graph parameter Tree-depth and its hypergraph counterpart Hypertree-depth. By introducing hierarchical nesting within SuperHyperGraphs, where both vertices and edges can represent recursive subsets, this study investigates the mathematical properties and structural implications of these extended parameters. The findings highlight the relationships between SuperHypertree-depth and its traditional graph-theoretic equivalents, providing a deeper understanding of their applicability to hierarchical and complex systems.
The second chapter (Obstructions for Hypertree-width and SuperHypertree-width) examines the role of ultrafilters as obstructions in determining Hypertree-width and extends the concept to SuperHypertree-width. Building on hypergraph theory, which abstracts traditional graph frameworks into more complex domains, the study investigates how recursive structures within SuperHyperGraphs redefine the computational and structural properties of these parameters. Ultrafilters, with their broad mathematical significance, serve as critical tools for understanding the limitations and potentials of these advanced graph metrics.
The third chapter (SuperHypertree-Length and SuperHypertree-Breadth in SuperHyperGraphs) investigates the extension of the graph-theoretic parameters Tree-length and Tree-breadth to the realms of hypergraphs and SuperHyperGraphs. By leveraging the hierarchical nesting of SuperHyperGraphs, the study explores how these parameters adapt to increasingly complex and multi-level structures. Comparative analyses between these extended parameters and their classical counterparts reveal new insights into their relevance and utility in advanced graph and hypergraph theory.
Plithogenic Sets, which generalize Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Sets, are extended in the fourth chapter (Extended HyperPlithogenic Sets and Generalized Plithogenic Graphs) to Extended Plithogenic Sets, HyperPlithogenic Sets, and SuperHyperPlithogenic Sets. This study further investigates their application to graph theory through the concepts of Extended Plithogenic Graphs and Generalized Extended Plithogenic Graphs. The chapter provides a concise exploration of these frameworks, offering insights into their potential for addressing uncertainty and complexity in graph structures.
Soft Sets provide an effective framework for decision-making by mapping parameters to subsets of a universal set, addressing uncertainty and vagueness. The fifth chapter (Double-Framed Superhypersoft Set and Double-Framed Treesoft Set) introduces the Double-Framed SuperHypersoft Set and the Double-Framed Treesoft Set as extensions of traditional and advanced soft set frameworks, such as Hypersoft and SuperHypersoft Sets. The chapter explores their relationships with existing concepts, offering new tools to handle complex decision-making scenarios with enhanced structural flexibility.
The sixth paper (HyperPlithogenic Cubic Set and SuperHyperPlithogenic Cubic Set) introduces the concepts of the HyperPlithogenic Cubic Set and SuperHyperPlithogenic Cubic Set, which extend the Plithogenic Cubic Set by integrating both interval-valued and single-valued fuzzy memberships. These sets leverage multi-attribute aggregation techniques inherent to plithogenic structures, allowing for nuanced representations of uncertainty. Additionally, related constructs such as the HyperPlithogenic Fuzzy Cubic Set, HyperPlithogenic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Cubic Set, and HyperPlithogenic Neutrosophic Cubic Set are explored, further enriching the theoretical and practical applications of this framework.
The seventh chapter (L-Neutrosophic Sets and Nonstationary Neutrosophic Sets) extends the foundational concepts of fuzzy sets by integrating Neutrosophic and Plithogenic frameworks. By introducing L-Neutrosophic Sets and Nonstationary Neutrosophic Sets, the study enhances the representation of uncertainty through independent membership components: truth, indeterminacy, and falsity. These advanced constructs also incorporate multi-dimensional and contradictory attributes, providing a robust means of modeling complex decision-making and uncertain data.
Plithogenic and Rough Sets, known for generalizing uncertainty modeling and classification, are extended in the eight chapter (Forest HyperPlithogenic and Forest HyperRough Sets) to Forest HyperPlithogenic Sets, Forest SuperHyperPlithogenic Sets, Forest HyperRough Sets, and Forest SuperHyperRough Sets. These frameworks incorporate hierarchical and recursive structures to advance existing set-theoretic paradigms. The chapter explores their applications in multi-level data analysis and uncertainty classification, demonstrating their adaptability to complex systems.
Building on Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic Sets, the tenth chapter (Symbolic HyperPlithogenic Sets) introduces Symbolic HyperPlithogenic Sets and Symbolic n-SuperHyperPlithogenic Sets. These sets incorporate symbolic components and algebraic coefficients, enabling flexible operations within a defined prevalence order. By extending symbolic representation into hyperplithogenic and superhyperplithogenic domains, the chapter opens new pathways for addressing uncertainty and hierarchical complexity in mathematical modeling.
Soft Sets, designed to manage uncertainty and imprecision, have evolved through various extensions like Hypersoft Sets and SuperHypersoft Sets. The eleventh chapter (N-SuperHypersoft and Bijective SuperHypersoft Sets) introduces N-SuperHypersoft Sets, N-Treesoft Sets, Bijective SuperHypersoft Sets, and Bijective Treesoft Sets. These new constructs enhance decision-making frameworks by incorporating advanced hierarchical and bijective relationships, building on existing theories and expanding their applications.
Plithogenic Sets, known for integrating multi-valued attributes and contradictions, and Rough Sets, which partition data into definable approximations, are combined in the twelfth chapter (Plithogenic Rough Sets) to form Plithogenic Rough Sets. This fusion provides a powerful framework for addressing uncertainty in dynamic and complex decision-making scenarios, offering a novel approach to uncertainty modeling.
Expanding on Neutrosophic Sets, which represent truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood, this chapter introduces Plithogenic Duplets and Plithogenic Triplets. These constructs leverage the Plithogenic framework to incorporate attributes, values, and contradiction measures. The thirteenth chapter (Plithogenic Duplets and Triplets) examines their relationships with Neutrosophic Duplets and Triplets, offering new tools for multi-dimensional data representation and decision-making.
Building on foundational concepts like Rough Sets and Vague Sets, the fourteenth chapter (SuperRough and SuperVague Sets) introduces SuperRough Sets and SuperVague Sets. These generalized frameworks extend uncertainty modeling by incorporating hierarchical structures. The study also demonstrates that SuperRough Sets can evolve into SuperHyperRough Sets, providing further generalizations for advanced data classification and analysis.
The fifteenth chapter (Neutrosophic TreeSoft Expert and ForestSoft Sets) revisits the Neutrosophic TreeSoft Set, which combines the hierarchical structure of TreeSoft Sets with the Neutrosophic framework for uncertainty representation. Additionally, it introduces the Neutrosophic TreeSoft Expert Set, incorporating expert knowledge into the model. The chapter also explores the ForestSoft Set and its extension, the Neutrosophic ForestSoft Set, to provide multi-level, tree-structured approaches for complex data representation and analysis
Ecocentric Bias and the Human Welfare: Reintegrating Human Welfare into Environmental Conservation Discourse
No full textIn recent times, the concept of ecocentrism has, to a large extent, influenced environmental ethics
and conservation discourse by attributing intrinsic value to nature at the expense of human
interests. However, while this framework has empowered several ecological approaches and
enriched various forms of ecological consciousness, it has, by implication, produced what we
identify as an ecocentric bias. By ecocentric bias, we refer to a conceptual imbalance that tends to
isolate the human being from the environment, or rather, attempts to subordinate human welfare
to environmental preservation, which we consider a problem. From this perspective, this paper
critically engages with the imbalance in ecocentricism by arguing that the human person is not
an external entity to the ecosystem, but an integral part of it. By extension, highlighting various
lived realities of the people, including poverty, inequality, and survival-based environmental
degradation, our paper contends that any environmental philosophy or conservation policy that
does not consider or disregard human socio-economic conditions risks becoming ethically and
practically biased. Through the methods of conceptual clarification and critical analysis, this
paper interrogates the prevailing ecocentric paradigm, focusing on how it has marginalized human
needs in conservation science. In doing so, our paper advocates for a mediatory framework that
focuses on harmonizing environmental integrity with human flourishing, rather than placing them
against each other. This paper concludes by arguing that sustainable environmental stewardship
is only possible when both the human and ecological dimensions are held in balanced ethical
regard, thereby providing a just and inclusive model for global conservation efforts
Iris Murdoch's Pictorial Metaphysics
No full textThis essay explores Iris Murdoch’s unique image-based moral-philosophical methodology. Drawing on Murdoch’s early, middle, and late work, it illustrates how her early writings on metaphor and philosophical images foreshadows her later pluralist pictorial metaphysics. With this pictorial metaphysics – her wide-ranging collection of philosophical, religious or artistic images – Murdoch aims to provide us with the representations to guide and illuminate the moral life, serving as open sources for the continuous processes of moral orientation and interpretation
Weakening the Plaintiff’s Case Without Strengthening the Defendant’s
No full textThe reason model of precedential constraint is supposed to generate a stricter doctrine than the minimalist result model. In the standard setting in which these models were originally formalized, that is exactly what we find. Surprisingly, however, in the more complex dimensional setting, the models become indistinguishable. In this paper, we provide an illuminating explanation of the collapse. We also shed light on recent proposals to modify the reason model, or the underlying dimensional setting, in order to avoid it. Finally, we show how the models can be made to collapse even in the simpler standard setting
Reseña de Michel Foucault, Le Discours philosophique
No full textMichel Foucault, libre pensador, filósofo y prolífico escritor, dedicó el mes de julio de 1966 a la redacción de una obra de notable nervio filosófico. En dicha obra, titulada El Discurso filosófico, se centra en diseccionar ese particular «discurso» que es la filosofía y cuya especificidad, complejidad y naturaleza todavía hoy ocupa el pensamiento contemporáneo. El manuscrito autógrafo de doscientas nueve páginas —numeradas por Foucault hasta la página doscientas una— fue durante mucho tiempo erróneamente considerado un curso que Foucault impartió en la Universidad de Túnez durante los años 1966-1967. No obstante, se trata más bien de la primera versión de un ensayo que Foucault redactó después de su obra Las palabras y las cosas, probablemente en Vendeuvre-du-Poitou durante el verano de 1966