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Training and Validating a Machine Learning Model for the Sensor-Based Monitoring of Lying Behavior in Dairy Cows on Pasture and in the Barn
Full text linkMonitoring systems assist farmers in monitoring the health of dairy cows by predicting behavioral patterns (e.g., lying) and their changes with machine learning models. However, the available systems were developed either for indoors or for pasture and fail to predict the behavior in other locations. Therefore, the goal of our study was to train and evaluate a model for the prediction of lying on a pasture and in the barn. On three farms, 7–11 dairy cows each were equipped with the prototype of the monitoring system containing an accelerometer, a magnetometer and a gyroscope. Video observations on the pasture and in the barn provided ground truth data. We used 34.5 h of datasets from pasture for training and 480.5 h from both locations for evaluating. In comparison, random forest, an orientation-independent feature set with 5 s windows without overlap, achieved the highest accuracy. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 95.6%, 80.5% and 87.4%, respectively. Accuracy on the pasture (93.2%) exceeded accuracy in the barn (81.4%). Ruminating while standing was the most confused with lying. Out of individual lying bouts, 95.6 and 93.4% were identified on the pasture and in the barn, respectively. Adding a model for standing up events and lying down events could improve the prediction of lying in the barn
Differenzielle Effekte eines Research-based-Blended-Learning-Formats auf die Forschungskompetenzen aus Sicht von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden
Full text linkLehrkräfte sollten evidenzbasiert handeln, um ihre Schüler:innen bestmöglich zu fördern. Hierfür sind Forschungskompetenzen entscheidend, die neben dem Wissen über Forschung u.a. forschungsbezogene Überzeugungen und Orientierungen umfassen. Für die erste Phase der Lehrkräftebildung gelten Research-based bzw. Blended Learning grundsätzlich als geeignete Methoden, um diese Kompetenzen zu fördern. Es fehlt jedoch an empirisch evaluierten Lehrkonzepten. Im Beitrag wird daher ein Research-based-Blended-Learning-Format zur Förderung der Forschungskompetenzen von Grundschullehramtsstudierenden vorgestellt. Die Evaluationsergebnisse zeigen, dass Effekte des Formats davon abhängen, ob Studierende die digitalen Elemente des Angebots als Lernchance wahrnehmen.Teachers should act in an evidence-based manner to best support their students. For this purpose, research competencies, which encompass not only knowledge of research but also research-related beliefs and orientations, are crucial. Research-based or blended learning are generally considered to be suitable methods for fostering these competencies in the initial phase of teacher education. However, there is a lack of empirically evaluated teaching concepts. In this article, a research-based blended learning format for enhancing the research competencies of prospective primary school teachers is presented. The evaluation results indicate that effects of the format depend on whether students perceive the digital elements as learning opportunities
Gegenwärtige Darstellungen von Antisemitismus in Religionsschulbüchern : Ein religionspädagogischer Beitrag gegen Antisemitismus und für jüdisches Leben
Full text linkPHQ-9, CES-D, health insurance data : who is identified with depression? ; A Population-based study in persons with diabetes
Full text linkAims:
Several instruments are used to identify depression among patients with diabetes and have been compared for their test criteria, but, not for the overlaps and differences, for example, in the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the individuals identified with different instruments.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among a random sample of a statutory health insurance (SHI) (n = 1,579) with diabetes and linked it with longitudinal SHI data. Depression symptoms were identified using either the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale or the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and a depressive disorder was identified with a diagnosis in SHI data, resulting in 8 possible groups. Groups were compared using a multinomial logistic model.
Results:
In total 33·0% of our analysis sample were identified with depression by at least one method. 5·0% were identified with depression by all methods. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that identification through SHI data only compared to the group with no depression was associated with gender (women). Identification through at least SHI data was associated with taking antidepressants and previous depression. Health related quality of life, especially the mental summary score was associated with depression but not when identified through SHI data only.
Conclusion:
The methods overlapped less than expected. We did not find a clear pattern between methods used and characteristics of individuals identified. However, we found first indications that the choice of method is related to specific underlying characteristics in the identified population. These findings need to be confirmed by further studies with larger study samples
Artificial intelligence in hospitals : providing a status quo of ethical considerations in academia to guide future research
Full text linkThe application of artificial intelligence (AI) in hospitals yields many advantages but also confronts healthcare with ethical questions and challenges. While various disciplines have conducted specific research on the ethical considerations of AI in hospitals, the literature still requires a holistic overview. By conducting a systematic discourse approach highlighted by expert interviews with healthcare specialists, we identified the status quo of interdisciplinary research in academia on ethical considerations and dimensions of AI in hospitals. We found 15 fundamental manuscripts by constructing a citation network for the ethical discourse, and we extracted actionable principles and their relationships. We provide an agenda to guide academia, framed under the principles of biomedical ethics. We provide an understanding of the current ethical discourse of AI in clinical environments, identify where further research is pressingly needed, and discuss additional research questions that should be addressed. We also guide practitioners to acknowledge AI-related benefits in hospitals and to understand the related ethical concerns
The Role of Technological Convergence and Digitalization for Business Value
Full text linkDigital technologies enable vast opportunities for innovation. These innovations, driven by the flexible and modular architecture of digital technologies, blur traditional boundaries and foster the convergence of previously separate technologies and industries. Convergence facilitates new business opportunities and value creation. However, despite the potential of these developments, the extant literature has not fully explored their impact on business value. Our study addresses this gap by analyzing over 3.7 million patent families from 2000 to 2018, using natural language processing and regression analysis. We show that (1) technological convergence is positively linked to patent value and (2) this relationship is enhanced by the integration of digital technologies. Our study provides valuable insights into how technological convergence and the integration of digital technologies are associated with business value, offering new avenues for future research.Digital technologies enable vast opportunities for innovation. These innovations, driven by the flexible and modular architecture of digital technologies, blur traditional boundaries and foster the convergence of previously separate technologies and industries. Convergence facilitates new business opportunities and value creation. However, despite the potential of these developments, the extant literature has not fully explored their impact on business value. Our study addresses this gap by analyzing over 3.7 million patent families from 2000 to 2018, using natural language processing and regression analysis. We show that (1) technological convergence is positively linked to patent value and (2) this relationship is enhanced by the integration of digital technologies. Our study provides valuable insights into how technological convergence and the integration of digital technologies are associated with business value, offering new avenues for future research
