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Wrapped Gaussian Process Functional Regression Model for Batch Data on Riemannian Manifolds
No full text\ua9 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025. Regression is an essential and fundamental methodology in statistical analysis. The majority of the literature focuses on linear and non-linear regression in the context of Euclidean space. However, regression models in non-Euclidean spaces deserve more attention due to the collection of increasing volumes of manifold-valued data. In this context, this paper proposes a concurrent functional regression model for batch data on Riemannian manifolds by estimating both the mean structure and the covariance structure simultaneously. The response variable is assumed to follow a wrapped Gaussian distribution. Nonlinear relationships between manifold-valued response variables and multiple Euclidean covariates can be captured by this model in which the covariates can be functional and/or scalar. The performance of our model has been tested on both simulated and real data, showing that it is an effective and efficient tool to perform functional data regression on Riemannian manifolds
Passive motion induced eddy current technique − based online and quantitative detection approach for cracks in large diameter pipeline
No full text\ua9 2025. Large Diameter Pipeline (LDP) serves as an efficient means of transporting liquid or gaseous substances, such as oil or natural gas. However, the presence of environmentally corrosive materials (such as soil) and corrosive impurities (such as H2S) in oil or gas can accelerate the propagation of fatigue defects and corrosive pitting, thereby posing a threat to the integrity of the pipeline. To enable online and quantitative detection of small-scale cracks in the inner wall of LDP, a new passive probe based on the motion-induced eddy current technique is designed. The interactions between the designed probe and various defects in the pipeline are then explored through a series of experiments. Based on these findings, a quantitative detection approach is proposed to classify and size multiple defects on the pipeline using a convolutional neural network. Finally, the performance of the proposed probe and detection approach is verified. The experimental investigations revealed that the relative error remains consistently below 10 % for the multiple cracks in the inner wall of LDP, even when the width of the fatigue defect is smaller than 0.1 mm as well as when the diameter of the corrosive pitting is smaller than 1 mm. The designed probe and the proposed approach are not only capable of online and quantitative evaluation of the different cracks in the inner wall of the LDP through a single measurement but also offer the potential for monitoring the health conditions of other running metal components, such as the high-speed track and bearing
Charting the phenotypic landscape of mitochondrial diseases through a systematic evaluation of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA and nuclear gene variants
Full text link\ua9 2025 The Authors.Purpose Primary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) arise from variants in the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes. Phenotype-based recognition of specific PMD genotypes remains difficult, prolonging the diagnostic odyssey. We expanded the MitoPhen database to characterize phenotypic variation across PMD more systematically. Methods Individual-level data on mitochondrial DNA disorders, nuclear-encoded mitochondrial diseases, and single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions were manually curated with Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms to produce MitoPhen v2 . Principal-component analysis summarized system-level abnormalities; HPO-level enrichment and mean phenotype-similarity scores were then used to distinguish common PMD genotypes. Results MitoPhen v2 adds 3940 individuals to the original release, now encompassing 1597 publications, 10,626 individuals, and 117 genotypes. Among 7586 affected cases, 72,861 HPO terms were recorded. Principal-component analysis revealed 6 phenotype dimensions capturing most system-level variance. At the HPO level, we observed genotype-specific enrichments and identified 111 gene-phenotype links absent from the current HPO database. Using MT-TL1 , single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletions, and POLG as exemplars, phenotype-similarity scores reliably separated individuals with these genotypes from those without. Conclusion MitoPhen v2 enabled systematic, genotype-aware analysis of heterogeneous PMD phenotypes and highlighted the diagnostic value of structured, individual-level data. Phenotype-similarity metrics from such data sets can refine variant interpretation in large rare-disease cohorts and provide a transferable framework for other phenotypically complex genetic disorders
A case of acquired amusia and misophonia following right temporal resection
No full text\ua9 2025Background: Our perception of the auditory world allows us to enjoy the richness of music and communicate effectively with others. These everyday processes are disrupted in conditions such as amusia, an inability to perceive music accurately, and misophonia, an intense emotional reaction to common sounds produced by others. We describe a case of acquired, concurrent amusia and misophonia in a 21-year-old right-handed woman following a right posterior insula, posterior temporal, supramarginal cortex, and sensory cortex resection for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods: The patient participated in interviews between 4–8 months post-resection. She completed an extensive testing battery designed to characterize her acquired deficits and increased sensitivity to misophonic triggers. Results: Assessments revealed significant deficits in several domains of music processing, including scale, key, contour, and interval. High levels of misophonia symptom severity and impairment indicated clinically elevated misophonia. The patient performed within the normal range for speech-in-babble perception and music reward despite self-reporting pertinent impairments. Performance on tonal beat perception, musical imagery, memory, and sophistication measures were average. Conclusions: The results from the extensive testing battery highlight the contribution of the resected regions to normal music perception. Additionally, this case represents the first reported instance of acquired misophonia
Global manta and devil ray population declines: Closing policy and management gaps to reduce fisheries mortality
Full text link\ua9 2025 The AuthorsSignificant progress has been made in advancing priority actions to conserve manta and devil rays, yet implementation and enforcement of protective measures often fall short, leaving most mobulid populations at risk of overfishing. Drawing on a literature review, fisheries databases, agency reports, and expert interviews, we assess global trends in mobulid catch and mortality. We examine both targeted and incidental catch, in small (<15 m, ‘SV’) and large (>15 m, ‘LV’) vessel fisheries to identify hotspots with the highest risk of fisheries-related mortality and population decline. We estimate global fisheries catch at 264,520 (184,407–344,987) mobulids per year, with SV fisheries accounting for 87 % of global mortality. The highest-risk hotspots, based on mortality and declines, are located in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Peru, and Myanmar. Mobulid retention is driven by demand, with higher mortality rates observed in countries exporting gill plates, and to a lesser extent, in those trading meat domestically or internationally. We recommend urgent implementation and enforcement of mobulid listings under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), and national protective measures, including (i) uplisting mobulids to CITES Appendix I, (ii) full legislative protection for all mobulid species in high-risk fishing nations to reduce demand, (iii) avoiding fishing in critical habitats through permanent or temporary targeted area closures, or management, (iv) limiting drift gillnet effort, and (v) involving fishers in management decisions and implementation
Two Polymorphs of a Chiral Boranil Dye
Full text link\ua9 The Author(s) 2025.The chiral Boranil dye (LB(O)-Br) exhibits polymorphism forming two distinctly different structures in the solid state. Polymorph I crystallises in the space group I41/a and exhibits C-H‧‧‧O and C-H‧‧‧Br interactions to produce a columnar structure with 3D connectivity. Polymorph II crystallises in P21/c and, in addition to C-H‧‧‧O contacts, forms Br‧‧‧O halogen bonds and edge-to-face π-interactions to give a 2D layered structure. Given the propensity of these compounds to fluoresce in the crystalline state, polymorphism of these structures is an important factor to consider when designing dyes of this kind for solid-state applications
Artificial intelligence transformations in geotechnics: progress, challenges and future enablers
Full text link\ua9 2025. Our reliance on the underground space to deliver critical civil engineering infrastructure is growing: to accommodate utility and transport infrastructure in urban environments, to provide innovative housing and commercial solutions, and to support proliferating renewable energy infrastructure, particularly offshore. Artificial intelligence (AI) is arguably the most promising enabler to transform geotechnical engineering by extracting knowledge from data to achieve step-change increases in efficiency, sustainability, reliability and safety. This paper seeks to develop a shared understanding of the state of the art of AI in geotechnics and to explore future developments. By way of example, specific popular use cases in geotechnics are considered to highlight current progress in AI applications including intelligent site investigation, predictive modelling for soil behaviour, and optimisation of design and construction processes. The paper then addresses key research challenges, such as data scarcity and interpretability, and discusses the opportunities that lie ahead in the integration of AI with geotechnical engineering. Finally, priority technological enablers are identified for future transformations
Outcomes of deprescribing for people with life-limiting conditions: A systematic review
Full text link\ua9 The Author(s) 2026. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).Background: Polypharmacy and inappropriate medication are common amongst people with life-limiting conditions. Whilst deprescribing may help reduce these medication-related issues, supporting evidence in this population group is limited. Aim: To synthesise evidence on the outcomes of deprescribing in people with life-limiting conditions. Design: Systematic review. Data source: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched. Original studies published between Jan 2000 and Dec 2024 in English were included. Result: A total of 17,457 hits were screened, of which 46 original studies met the inclusion criteria. Most eligible studies were pre-post interventional (n = 14) or cohort studies (n = 14), conducted primarily in nursing homes or long-term care facilities (n = 20) and hospitals (n = 16). The majority originated from North America (n = 20) and Australia (n = 7). A wide range of outcome variables were examined, with a primary focus on clinical outcomes. All studies assessing the impact on the number of medications used reported either a reduction in overall medication burden or inappropriate medications (n = 15), or no significant change (n = 3). Regarding mortality, most studies (10 studies) reported no impact, while 3 studies each reported increased and decreased mortality. For other outcomes, the majority of studies reported that deprescribing had no effect. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that deprescribing offers some benefits, including reduced medication burden and costs in people with life-limiting conditions. While there is no strong evidence for harm, a small proportion of patients reported increased risks, so careful monitoring is essential. Further research should explore how deprescribing outcomes vary by disease condition and medication type