Czasopisma Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
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EVALUATION OF SEED EMERGENCE, SEEDLING VIGOR ENHANCEMENT OF SOME POPULATIONS FROM SATUREJA BACHTIARICA WITH CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Get PDFThe seeds of 3 populations from Satureja bachtiarica were collected from three native vegetation areas (Simirom2, Sharkord and Yazd). The different treatments including: cold stratification, gibberlic acid (50 and 100 ppm) Potassium nitrate (0.2 and 0.4 percent). Physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol %70) and distilled water (control) were used for breaking dormancy of the seed samples. For greenhouse experiment, the seed samples were treated with treatments and then were sown in pots using randomize design with three replications. Emergence percentage, emergence speed, length of root and shoot, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, dry/fresh weight ratio were evaluated during 45 days of experiment. Comparing of population Semirom2 form savory of Bachtiary was higher than other population. It was concluded that effect of gibberlic acid and potassium nitrate was higher than physical scarification and chemical scarification comparing with control
THE EVALUATION OF SEED GERMINATION ON 12 SOYBEAN CULTIVARS UNDER DIFFERENT SALINITY STRESS LEVELS
No full textIn order to study effects of saline water on seed germination of various soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with factorial method and three replications in 2012. The factors were salinity stress levels (A) (0, 30, 60 and 90) mM NaCl, soybean cultivars (B) (Including 12 seed cultivars of II and III maturity groups). Five traits including seed germination, seed vigor, dry weight of radical and, plumule and biologic yield were studied. The results of analysis of variance showed significant differences between cultivars on studied traits at 1 % level of significance. The highest biologic yield belonged to Hy-1 and Steel under 90 mM. It was belong to M9, Clark and Union under 60 mM and belonged to Hy-1, Halcor and Union under 30 mM.
The results of comparison means using Duncan’s method showed L17 and Steel not only had the high seed germination and vigor but also they had dry weight of radicles and biologic yield than others. It was identified although Union, Elgine and Williams were in second grade on seed germination and vigor but they had considerable growth and dry weight. Based on display scatter plot with two STI and GMP indices, L17 and Elgine were placed in A region of plot under 30 mM NaCl, while they were in B region under 60 and 90 mM salinity stress. The cultivars such as Union and Hy-1 were in C region of mentioned scatter plot
BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO SALINITY IN LEAVES AND ROOTS OF TWO DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.) GENOTYPES
Get PDFSalt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity in many regions of the world. To understand the molecular basis of the salt stress response, two wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars, Karim and Azizi, which are of agronomic significance in Tunisia, were grown under non-saline and saline conditions (100 mM). Leaves and roots of control and salt-stressed plants were harvested after 11 days of salt treatment. Karim cultivar may behave as a typical Na+ include, which compartmentalizes Na+ within the leaf cell vacuoles where it could be used as an osmoticum to lower the osmotic potential necessary for the maintenance of the plant hydric status. While, accumulation of K+ was greater in Karim cultivar compared to Azizi, in both organs, presenting an important manifestation of salinity tolerance. Significant changes in metabolism of antioxidative system were observed, with an increase in protein tyrosine nitration, which indicates that salinity stress induces a nitro-oxidative stress
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP] FOR INCREASED SEED PRODUCTION
Get PDFLarge number of parental plants are required during hybridization in order to generate enough progeny needed for evaluation. Cowpea is propagated through seeds, this increases the waiting period as the plant has to complete its juvenile phase before flowering. Asexual propagation approach was employed on cowpea using the vine cuttings of flowering plants. The vine cuttings were planted in sterilized top soil and they began flowering 14 days after cutting without adding fertilizer. Success was obtained using this method which increases the rate at which the hybrids needed for multi-location trial were obtained
Ocena przydatności wybranych odmian traw gazonowych do obsiewu ścieżek
Get PDFThe paper includes the results of suitability assessment of 18 cultivars for sowing in paths of grass surface. In the experiment conducted in years 2010–2016, the tussock varieties belonging to 4 species of lawn grasses were used: red fescue (Festuca rubra), sheep's fescue (F. ovina), tall fescue (F. arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The aim of the study was to examine the quality of the lawn varieties exploited in the extensive conditions of use. The varieties of red fescue Dorosa and Mirena, and the variety of perennial ryegrass Boxer were the best ones in terms of the state of the turf after the winter. The varieties of narrow-leaf fescue were characterized by the best sodding. The varieties of narrow-leaf fescue were characterized by the best compactness of paths in the habitats collection with the modified subsoil (hardened layer), whereas in the collection of leguminous plants (subsoil unchanged) it was the quality of the varieties of tall fescue. All varieties of tall fescue, sheep's fescue variety Noni, and the varieties of red fescue Dorosa and Rapsodia were characterized by the most favorable general aspect of autumn. The use of mixtures composed of lawn tussock varieties would allow to reduce the workload on the nurturing of borders of the lawn finished as so-called "sharp edge" and to reduce the overgrowth of lawn inside the flower bed between the materials used to make the shoreline.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oceny przydatności 18 odmian do obsiewu ścieżek o nawierzchni trawiastej. W doświadczeniu prowadzonym w latach 2010–2016 zastosowano odmiany kępowe należące do 4 gatunków traw gazonowych: kostrzewy czerwonej (Festuca rubra), k. owczej (F. ovina), k. trzcinowej (F. arundinacea) i życicy trwałej (Lolium perenne). Celem pracy było zbadanie jakości trawnikowej zastosowanych odmian w warunkach użytkowania ekstensywnego. Najlepszą grupę pod względem stanu darni po zimie stanowiły odmiany kostrzewy czerwonej Dorosa i Mirena oraz odmiana życicy trwałej Bokser. Najlepszym zadarnieniem na ścieżkach ze zmienionym podglebiem (utwardzona nawierzchnia), charakteryzowały się odmiany kostrzew wąskolistnych, a w niezmienionym podglebiu odmiany kostrzewy trzcinowej. Natomiast wszystkie odmiany kostrzewy trzcinowej, odmiana kostrzewy owczej Noni i obiekty kostrzewy czerwonej Dorosa i Rapsodia charakteryzowały się najkorzystniejszym ogólnym aspektem jesiennym. Zastosowanie mieszanek trawnikowych skomponowanych z odmian kępowych pozwoliłoby zmniejszyć nakłady pracy na pielęgnację brzegów trawników wykończonych na tzw. „ostry kant” oraz ograniczyć przerastanie trawnika do wewnątrz rabaty pomiędzy materiałami użytymi do wykonania linii brzegowej
Nowoczesne metody genotypowania DArT i GBS w hodowli gatunków roślin użytkowych
Get PDFAdvances in modern genotyping methods make it necessary to present them and their value for plant research. Thus, the review is dedicated to describing technologies allowing evaluation of high throughput markers such as DArTs or SNPs based on new generation sequencing approach. Various applications of these markers in plant research are discussed. Particular emphasis was put on the possibilities of using them for the identification of markers for agronomical traits using either QTL or association mapping methods. The opportunity of using them in genomic selection was also discussed.Rozwój nowoczesnych metod genotypowania sprawił, że konieczne staje się ich zaprezentowanie i pokazanie potencjału, jaki niosą generowane przez nie markery DNA dla badań nad roślinami. Niniejsza praca została poświęcona omówieniu markerów DArT i SNP, przy czym w ostatnim przypadku skupiono się na markerach wykorzystujących sekwencjonowanie nowej generacji. Przedstawiono metody uzyskania w/w markerów oraz ich zastosowania w genetyce roślin użytkowych. Nacisk położono na identyfikację markerów cech użytkowych w połączeniu z mapowaniem cech ilościowych, mapowaniem asocjacyjnym i selekcją genomową
Ekologiczna produkcja ziemniaka gwarancją jego cech prozdrowotnych
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of both: own research and literature survey about the quality of potato tubers from organic production compared to other production systems, mainly the conventional one. Our study was conducted at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute — NRI, Branch Jadwisin. The results show a better quality of tubers from organic production: on the one hand a lower content of undesirable components such as: residual pesticides, nitrates, nitrites and heavy metals and on the other hand a higher content of components beneficial for health, such as vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoids and minerals. Efforts were also made to show that those differences between organic and conventional product important from the nutritional composition point of view should have an positive impact on human health.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zarówno własnych, jak i literaturowych dotyczących jakości bulw ziemniaka pochodzącego z produkcji ekologicznej w porównaniu do innych systemów produkcji, a głównie systemu konwencjonalnego. Badania przeprowadzono w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin — PIB w Oddziale w Jadwisinie. Przedstawione wyniki wskazują na lepszą jakość bulw z produkcji ekologicznej wyrażającą się z jednej strony mniejszą zawartością składników niepożądanych, takich jak: pozostałości pestycydów, azotanów, azotynów i metali ciężkich i z drugiej strony większą zawartością składników korzystnych dla zdrowia, takich jak: witamina C, polifenole, karotenoidy oraz składniki mineralne. Starano się również wykazać, że te, istotne z punktu widzenia wartości odżywczej różnice składu między produktem ekologicznym i konwencjonalnym powinny mieć pozytywny wpływ na zdrowie człowieka
Sensitivity of ‘Monika’ Cucumis sativus seedlings to low temperature and induction of chilling tolerance
No full textThe aim of the research was to investigate the chilling sensitivity of cucumber seedlings and to alleviate its negative effects by short-term shock temperature applied during seeds imbibition, before radicle protrusion. The chilling sensitivity was investigated depending on initial root length (1, 3, 5 and 7 mm) and duration of chilling exposure (0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 days) at 0˘C and was evaluated by measurements of roots and hypocotyls growth, electrolyte leakage and dehydrogenases activity. To assess whether short-term shock temperature applied before radicle protrusion can increase chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings the seeds were imbibed at 25°C for 16 h, exposed to temperatures of 0; 2,5; 5; 35; 40, 45°C for 0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4 h. The obtained results indicated that cucumber seedlings sensitivity depended on duration of chilling exposure and initial root length during which the seedlings were subjected to these conditions. Chilling sensitivity were manifested by drop in the roots and hypocotyls elongation, reduction in dehydrogenases activity and membrane integrity expressed by electrolyte leakage. Seedlings with 1 mm roots was relatively tolerant to 3 days of chilling at 0°C. Their chilling sensitivity increased as roots elongated. Seedling with 3, 5, 7 mm of roots subjected to chilling suffered a subsequent 71, 75 and 81% of growth inhibition, respectively. The presented results showed that a short-term of low (0; 2,5 or 5°C) or high (35; 40 or 45°C) temperature treatments applied before radicle protrusion i.e. after 16 h of seeds imbibition significantly counteracted the negative effects of chilling on seedlings. The best results expressed by increased length and the number of roots were obtained when imbibed seeds were exposed to 45°C for 2 and 4 h. The increased chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings induced as early as at the stage of seed imbibition, before radicle protrusion indicates on the possibility of application of this method in practice. The positive response of such treatment on cucumber chilling tolerance are discussed
Combining ability of phenological traits and seed yield in spring rapeseed genotypes
No full textSix parents and their 15 F2 diallel progenies, totally 21 genotypes, were evaluated for genetic parameters of quantitative characteristics. The traits of interest were growing degree days (GDDs) from sowing to the flowering (DDF), to end of flowering (DDE), flowering period (DFP), to maturity (DDM) and seed yield (SY). Significant mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) was exhibited for DDF, DDE, DFP, DDM and seed yield indicating significant differences of GCA effects of parents for these traits. Significant mean squares of specific combining ability (SCA) for all the traits exhibited the importance of non additive genetic effects for the traits. Significant ratio of MS(GCA)/MS(SCA) and high narrow sense heritability estimates for DDF, DDE, DDM indicating the prime importance of additive genetic effects for controlling these traits. DFP was also less heritable than the other phonological traits, so the efficiency of selection for this trait will be low. All of the combinations with significant negative SCA effects for DDM had at least one parent with significant negative GCA effect for this trait. PF7045/91 with significant positive GCA effect of SY, was best combiner for improving SY. Significant positive correlation between DDM and each of two traits including DDF and DDE, indicating these traits can be used as indirect selection criteria for improving DDM
Jakość konsumpcyjna bulw ziemniaka nawożonego wsiewkami międzyplonowymi w integrowanym i ekologicznym systemie produkcji
Get PDFThe work presents results of a study carried out in 2006-2009 whose objective was to determine the influence of undersown catch crops, which were incorporated in autumn or left on the soil surface as mulch for spring incorporation, on the quality of table potato grown in the integrated and organic production systems. Two factors were examined in the study: 1. fertilization with undersown catch crops: control (no undersown catch crop), farmyard manure (FYM), Persian clover, Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass, westerwolds ryegrass, Persian clover – mulch, Persian clover + westerwolds ryegrass — mulch, westerwolds ryegrass — mulch; 2. production system: integrated and organic. The aforementioned tuber characteristics of table potato fertilized with the biomass of undersown catch crops were similar to the traits of FYM-fertilized potato. The best quality, flavour in particular, was determined for tubers of potato fertilized with autumn-and spring-incorporated Persian clover. Raw flesh darkening and after cooking darkening of organic potato was significantly lower compared with the integrated production, but the tuber flavour was better in the integrated production system.W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań z lat 2006–2009 mające na celu określenie wpływu biomasy wsiewek międzyplonowych przyoranych jesienią i pozostawionych do wiosny w formie mulczu na jakość konsumpcyjną bulw ziemniaka w integrowanym i ekologicznym systemie produkcji. W doświadczeniu badano dwa czynniki. I. Nawożenie wsiewką międzyplonową: obiekt kontrolny (bez nawożenia wsiewką międzyplonową), obornik, koniczyna perska, koniczyna perska + życica westerwoldzka, życica westerwoldzka, koniczyna perska — mulcz, koniczyna perska + życica westerwoldzka — mulcz, życica westerwodzka — mulcz. II. System produkcji: integrowany i ekologiczny. Cechy konsumpcyjne bulw ziemniaka (ciemnienie miąższu surowego i ugotowanego oraz smakowitość) nawożonego biomasą wsiewek międzyplonowych były zbliżone do zaobserwowanych na oborniku. Najlepszą jakością konsumpcyjną, a zwłaszcza smakowitością, wyróżniały się bulwy ziemniaka nawożone biomasą koniczyny perskiej, zarówno przyoranej jesienią, jak i pozostawionej do wiosny w formie mulczu. Ciemnienie miąższu surowego i ugotowanego bulw ziemniaka uprawianego w ekologicznym systemie produkcji było istotnie niższe niż w systemie integrowanym, natomiast smakowitość bulw ziemniaka była wyższa w integrowanym systemie produkcji