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Impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on unemployment in Slovakia: a statistically created counterfactual approach using the time series analysis
No full textResearch background: The current health crisis, which began to take shape in mid-March 2020 due to the massive spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has shaped the face of the Slovak labour market the most. Slovakia, similarly, to other countries in the world, has operated with several non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures taken by the government to reduce the spread of the virus or reverse adverse developments. On the other hand, these measures have frozen production, and business activities of companies annulled not only the number of physical meetings with business collaborators but also business contracts themselves. Consequently, the demand for new labour has decreased, and in many cases, redundancies have occurred.
Purpose of the article: The study aims to develop a comprehensive and detailed analysis of unemployment and its development in Slovakia, during the 1st and 2nd wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, determine the extent to which the anti-pandemic measures have affected the Slovak labour market, and identify the most affected groups of unemployed.
Methods: To analyze the impact of the anti-pandemic measures on the unemployment situation in Slovakia, we applied the approach where the statistically created hypothetical state of the absence of the pandemic was compared with the real state as the consequence of the pandemic. The hypothetical state was modelled by the autoregressive 1st order or one-dimensional time series model with a linear trend and seasonability.
Findings & value added: The results of the analysis identify the groups of the population, mostly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic together with the quantification of the impact on unemployment. The findings of quantification of the impact of the Covid-19 crisis on the Slovak labour market can be further used in creating targeted measures aimed at supporting unemployed individuals or at the sustainability of already existing jobs and in other governmental economic and social decisions
The role of formal and informal remittances as the determinants of formal and informal finan-cial services
No full textResearch background: The choice of financial services and remittances are important as they influence the livelihood of remittance recipients, who are mostly poor and financially excluded. In literature, extensive evidence suggests a positive impact of the size of remittances on access to financial inclusion and financial development of remittance-recipient countries. However, a concern of such studies is that they might provide a biased outcome as the available data of remittances tend to be formal, whereas informal remittances are difficult to observe. Hence, their evidence might not be applicable in developing countries where remittance transfer via informal channels is very popular.
Purpose of the article: The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of the remittance channel (formal and informal) on the choice of formal, informal financial services of credit and savings of remittance recipients.
Methods: As our dependent variable is a financial service which is a categorical variable (formal and informal), the paper will employ a multinomial logistic regression model to estimate the impact. The data employed in this analysis is from the Finscope survey conducted in Myanmar in 2013 and 2018. Myanmar is the best context for our study, as it is one of a big migrant-sending countries and a developing country whose financial sector is significantly underdeveloped.
Findings & value added: Our findings show that formal remittances promote the use of formal financial services such as credit and savings. However, there is no evidence regarding women recipients` informal channels and formal financial services. Our evidence also suggests there is a need for the government to encourage migrant workers to transform informal remittances into formal ones by removing the barriers of formal remittance channels to promote the use of formal credit and saving among remittance-recipients who are poor and financially excluded
Effects of Fiscal Preferences on Profitability of Enterprises Against the Gross Domestic Product in Poland
No full textFiscal preferences belongs to the measures of public policy which aim is supposed to fix the market failures. However, there is a shortage of studies which evaluates the effects of the fiscal instruments on enterprises from all sectors. Moreover, it is not clear how strong their influence in comparison to other external factors. One of the most important of the external determinants is the economic growth. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to analyze the effects of fiscal preferences on profitability of enterprises against the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and its components in Poland. We set three hypotheses but only two of them could be confirmed and only in some part. The effects of the fiscal instruments on profitability is positive although only for some kinds of enterprises. It was a little stronger impact than for selected macroeconomic variables connected with GDP. However, one must take into consideration that the impact of GDP or some of its components is negative and regards medium-sized companies
Determinants of maintaining the development of an small online store in the conditions of economic slowdown in Poland
No full textSince its inception, the sector of companies selling on the Internet in Poland has been undergoing a process of continuous growth. Even the crisis of 2008 - 2009 did not negatively affect the development of e-commerce in Poland. However, due to the stage of development of the sector, as well as the current macroeconomic conditions, the question of maintaining the development trend under the conditions of economic slowdown arises. The aim of the article is to identify and assess factors that may support its further development (or at least the maintenance of its position) at the level of an online shop operating in Poland under the conditions of the economic downturn. The results of the analysis indicate that standard actions taken in favorable market conditions must be modified during a slowdown. Those activities that allow reducing costs and/or reaching a wider audience with an offer (e.g. performance marketing) need to be strengthened
Identification of social innovations in e-learning education of students during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe article is theoretical and analytical in nature and aims to identify the manifestations of social innovations in e-learning education at the Wroclaw University of Economics and Business during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study focuses on the need for academics to use innovative (novel) distance learning tools. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the impact of selected tools on the development of new competencies among students. In order to achieve this goal, a proprietary online questionnaire was developed and free interviews were conducted with students. The survey was created in MS Forms application. A total of 151 students (second year) studying at the Faculty of Production Engineering of the Wroclaw University of Economics were surveyed. The survey period was in the summer semester 2020/2021. The study showed that the use of virtual tools contributed to the development of additional skills among students, such as teamwork and collaboration skills or creativity
Strategies for Pivoting Enterprises in the Post-covid Time
No full textIn the conditions of now even heightened uncertainty, companies\u27 strategies need to be verified. In order to quickly redefine and adapt a new strategy to the changing market conditions, it is necessary to implement new solutions and business models along with pivots. The enterprise of tomorrow is the one that starts today. So in order to be or become this enterprise of tomorrow, the level of its digitization and many of the processes carried out must be raised. The aim of the article is to present pivots and possible changes to the pivots of Innovative Business Models and their implementation. The research method that will be used is the analysis of case studies - how companies should recover from the situation of the Covid-19 pandemic, what they can do, how they should function, so that they can continue to grow faster. S. Umiński in Forum-Marketera + in the article Marketing A.D.2030 (Forum2021) stated that we took over from the world of start-ups the concept of pivot, i.e. a strategic shift and redefinition of the business model. It should be more and more often used in large corporations that so far pride themselves on using the -agile- methodology in various implementations. In this article, practical examples (case studies) of a Polish and foreign company will be presented - identification of redefining the strategy and implementation of pivots together with better results of further development of these companies. Examples of companies are Velg Group and Shopify, in which pivots were implemented, which emphasizes the practical approach of the co-author of the article. The research questions refer to what types of pivots and they are implemented, which will be presented based on the example of the above-mentioned case studies
Assessment of selected methods of estimating the maximum back-of-queue size on a signal-controlled intersection approach
No full textThe article presents the characteristics and evaluation of the accuracy of estimating the maximum length of the queue of vehicles at signalized intersections by commonly used methods in the world. The analyzes were based on the latest editions of the guidelines in the United States, Canada, Australia, Germany and Poland. In order to carry out accuracy analyzes, traffic tests were carried out at 5 intersection inlets in three different cities in Poland (Bydgoszcz, Torun, Warsaw), covering all phases of vehicle queue formation during individual periods of the signaling cycle (effective red and green signal). In total, the analysis had the results of tests from 81 hours of observation ~23,000 behaviors of vehicle drivers. Based on the analyzes it was found in particular: (1) slight differences in the construction of mathematical models of the considered calculation methods, with the exception of the US HCM model from 2016; (2) small errors in estimating the maximum queue length in unsaturated vehicle flow states (~3-5 vehicles/cycle and ~2-6 vehicles/15 minutes interval); (3) quite large errors in estimating the maximum queue length in saturated and oversaturated vehicle flow states (~11-16 vehicles/cycle and ~15-18 vehicles/15 minutes interval); (4) the main impact on estimation errors in oversaturation traffic states is not taking into account or incorrect determination of the \u27so-called\u27 initial queue length of the period preceding the analyzed period
Inwestycje jako determinanta rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa
No full textCelem artykułu jest ocena znaczenia działalności inwestycyjnej dla rozwoju przedsiębiorstw.
W artykule omówiono pojęcie i cechy przedsiębiorstw oraz istotę i klasyfikację inwestycji realizowanych w przedsiębiorstwie. Wykorzystując dane statystyczne przedstawiono poziom i strukturę nakładów inwestycyjnych przedsiębiorstw w latach 2016-2021. W warunkach gospodarki rynkowej każde przedsiębiorstwo powinno realizować działalność inwestycyjną, bowiem jest to czynnik wpływający na tempo rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa
The narratives of Black Boyhood in coming-of-age movies Moonlight and The Blind Side
Get PDFThe article discusses the topic of Black boyhood in the United States and the stereotypes that these boys face. It also focuses on the changes which may occur in the interpersonal relationships that African American boys live in, as well as demonstrating stereotypical images of Black families. The purpose of the article is to emphasize the fact of how the stereotypes that African American boys struggle with affect their lives and personalities. Another important aspect is that the life of a Black boy does not always have to conform to stereotypes, as shown in the coming-of-age movies Moonlight and The Blind Side. This article also outlines the current situation of African American boys, which is demonstrated by the activities of the Black Lives Matter movement
Subjectless infinitive complements of periphrastic causative verbs in Middle English and possible reasons for the loss of the construction
Get PDFThe article presents selected facts concerning two kinds of analysis of Subjectless Infinitive Complements (ØI) of Causative Verbs in Middle English. One of them is the Indefinite Object Deletion Analysis (hence IOD), which can be considered natural in terms of the Object Deletion principles. The other one is the Verb Raising Analysis (hence VR) which provides some interesting facts about the history of English causatives. Among others, the article addresses the auxiliary-like behaviour of causative verbs in Middle English and says that the very loss of ØI can be accounted for reasonably by postulating that the existence of ØI and passive aci constructions are mutually exclusive. In addition, one should also remember about the double application of IOD and VR, which yielded unclear and semantically complicated structures, as possible factors in the loss of ØI constructions in English