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Power quality in the circuits of traction substation
No full textRail transport in Poland uses direct current electric traction to power vehicles (locomotives and multiple units). It is therefore necessary to convert the AC voltage of the power system into the DC voltage of the traction system. The conversion of alternating voltage into direct voltage takes place in traction substations. Rectifier units installed at traction substations are used for this purpose. As a result, electric traction should be classified as non-linear consumers. In addition, the traction substation load changes dynamically. All this makes the electric traction a recipient generating a number of disturbances to the network. These disturbances affect the quality of electricity in the power system from which the traction substations are supplied, and the quality of energy in auxiliary and non-traction lines. The article presents the results of the analysis of measurements of electricity quality indicators recorded at selected points of the traction substation line. Parameters characterizing the quality of electricity were recorded, among others, in in the main line supplying the traction substation, non-traction needs line and auxiliary circuits. The presented article is another in a series of publications related to the assessment of the impact of DC electric traction on the power system
Wpływ Orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości na Polskie Orzecznictwo Sądowe
No full textW artykule omówiono wpływ orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej na polskie orzecznictwo sądowe. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie niezaprzeczalnego charakteru wpływu w polskiej doktrynie i judykaturze prawa Unii Europejskiej. W niniejszym opracowaniu zostaną omówione orzeczenia sądowe, których przedmiotem była kwestia ustalenia pierwszeństwa prawa krajowego przed prawem wspólnotowym, co pozwoli udowodnić bezapelacyjne działanie TSUE oraz jego konsekwencje. Opracowanie wsparte jest o wyniki ankiety przeprowadzonej na grupie 100 osób poświęconej praktyce orzeczniczej w zakresie umów kredytów indeksowanych i denominowanych do CHF. Jej celem było uzyskanie informacji o konsekwencjach zawarcia umów kredytów indeksowanych i denominowanych do Franka Szwajcarskiego
Key motivational factors behind Asian immigrant entrepreneurship: A causal relationship analysis employing the DEMATEL approach for Germany
No full textResearch background: Immigrant entrepreneurship remains a key issue for researchers, politicians, and policymakers. It has been widely discussed from different angles among various researchers in recent studies ? particularly in Europe. However, there is a lack of studies to present the motivation of the causal relationship between immigrant entrepreneurs.
Purpose of the article: This study aims to fill the gap and analyze the causal relationship between the motivations of Asian immigrant entrepreneurs in Germany.
Methods: The study was conducted through a face-to-face interview using a predesigned questionnaire from Asian business owners in Germany and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach was applied to analyze the data.
Findings & value added: The results show that capital acquisition, employment, financial problems in the family, and existence opportunities in the market are the factors that have higher priority, and may highly impact the Asian immigrant entrepreneurial decision. On the other hand, relatives or social networks remain the lowest priority factor that encourages Asian immigrants towards self-employment. The study has also found that entrepreneurship in the family, the state support policy for immigrants, low level of education, unfamiliarity with the local language, and dissatisfaction with the previous job belong to the cause group. However, some of the motivating factors relate to the effect group, such as capital acquisition, opportunity in the market, immigrant community ties or social networks, unemployment, and financial problems in the family. The most affected factor among the effect group is unemployment, while immigrant community ties or social network is the least affected factor. This study includes a novel interpretation of the DEMATEL approach that researchers have not yet addressed; therefore, it is highly relevant for policymakers, especially those interested in migration studies. Finding out the main driving forces behind Asian immigrant entrepreneurs in a developed European nation like Germany and how these drivers affect cause-and-effect interactions between them are the contributions that add value to the field
Asymmetry and convergence in the development of digital technologies in the EU countries
No full textResearch background: Digitalization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated significantly across Europe, including in regions that are at the stage of catch-up development. However, as innovative technologies are intensively integrated into everyday life, the digital gap between the EU countries is increasing. The widening digital gap is becoming a serious threat to achieving the EU\u27s sustainable development goals and building a sustainable European society.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article was to empirically substantiate the inclusiveness and convergence of the digital strategy in the EU countries.
Methods: Using the method of fuzzy sets, the level of asymmetry in access to transactional (e-commerce), information (cloud computing), operational (artificial intelligence) technologies in the EU countries was assessed. The negative impact of the digital gap within the countries (the gap between small, medium, large companies) and the global digital gap (the gap between EU countries) on the competitiveness of countries was established, for which correlation analysis and the Granger causality test were used.
Findings & value added: The findings of this study contribute to the literature of digital transformation and digital gap of European countries. The impact of the digital gap in transactional, information, operational technologies on the competitiveness of countries is differentiated depending on the level of digitalization of the country. Cluster groups of countries are determined by the convergence of digitalization and ways to ensure long-term competitiveness. The directions for reducing the digital gap in the EU countries are substantiated by changing the priorities of spending on innovation and increasing productivity, diversifying the digital technologies used. The empirical results obtained can serve as a basis for improving the effectiveness of the digitalization policy in the EU countries in accordance with individual convergence goals. The main added value of the paper is related to the presented research procedure, which can be used in analyses of digital technologies development also for other countries. The results provide valuable insights into evaluating the digital technologies in European countries
Job crafting and sustainable work performance: A systematic literature review
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Research background: Job crafting based on individual initiative represents a new form of work design, supporting stability in increasing work performance. In many cases, this method proves to be an effective way of increasing employees\u27 work engagement, mainly because of the mediated autonomy in their work performance and the greater meaningfulness that results from it. The basis of job crafting is employee support, which initiates working behavior focused on proactivity in creating and adapting work to the subjective requirements of the employee\u27s individuality. The available literature highlights various approaches that mediate individual topics, with which companies try to stimulate employee behavior, the expected result of which is job crafting, which leads to an increase in work performance.
Purpose of the article: The goal of the study is to identify current research directions in the field of job crafting, specifically in relation to increasing work performance.
Methods: The Web of Science database was used to identify the main directions of research in the relevant literature. Research was directed at peer-reviewed articles published in journals indexed in SSCI as Q1 and Q2. The resulting number of articles was identified based on the PRISMA selection method.
Findings & value added: By analyzing the literary sources, we have identified 4 important research topics that the authors of the scientific articles addressed. The most widespread topic was work engagement and its influence on job crafting. In the second topic, the authors addressed the issue of how job crafting supports the meaningfulness of work. The third research topic that the authors addressed was job crafting as a factor of employee autonomy. The fourth theme identified was the influence of leadership and management support on job-crafting behavior. The paper offers the reader a systematic and clear list of available quality resources that can help them in their personal research related to job crafting and work performance. In addition, the results of our research may be useful for companies trying to improve the work performance of their employees
Adoption factors in digital lending services offered by FinTech lenders
No full textResearch background: Traditional financial institutions are facing new competitors ? FinTech lenders. The development of these entities and their services depends on many factors, including the level of their acceptance and use by potential and/or current customers. This acceptance determines the ability to create desired financial results and defines the set of FinTech lenders? activities and also their environment aimed at shaping the offer which meets their consumers? expectations. The limited number of studies addressing the identification and assessment of the impact exerted by the adoption factors of lending services offered by FinTech lenders and the lack of such analyzes relating to these decisions made by consumers from Central and Eastern Europe argue for the need to conduct such research.
Purpose of the article: Identify factors driving consumers? adoption of digital lending services offered by FinTech lenders in Poland.
Methods: Critical analysis of the source literature, descriptive and comparative analysis, diagnostic survey, econometric methods (PCA, SEM used in the TAM). Empirical data come from the surveys carried out in May 2022 using the CAWI method and covering a representative sample of 1,000 Poles.
Findings & value added: The study identified factors driving consumers? adoption of digital lending services, including perceived trust, risk, usefulness and financial health. It has been proven that the perceived ease of use and innovation do not represent the statistically significant constructs influencing the accepted adoption attitudes. The adopted research model shows a considerable power to explain the intention of using digital loans. The article is the first scientific study of this type discussing the identification of adoption factors for loan services offered by FinTech lenders operating on the Central and Eastern European market. The presented example of Poland being the leader in this dynamically developing market provides the background for conducting international comparative studies in the future
The impacts of dynamic capabilities on SMEs\u27 digital transformation process: The resource-based view perspective
No full textResearch background: SMEs\u27 concern for the digital literacy of their workforce, their interest in increasing digital literacy among employees, and securing their digital platforms, have been major issues in their digital transformation process. To reduce those obstacles, the dynamic capabilities of SMEs included in the Resource-based View (RBV) might be an effective solution since they help companies be more competitive and proactive against the threats they face in the digitalization process.
Purpose of the article: This research aims to investigate whether SMEs\u27 dynamic capabilities positively contribute to their digital transformation process.
Methods: In line with the proposed relationships, this paper analyzes SMEs from Czechia by running Ordinal Logistic Regression analyses. The research sample is created by stratified random sampling and purposive sampling methods. The research data is collected via telephone surveys.
Findings & value added: This research does not find a positive relationship between the dynamic capabilities of SMEs and the digital transformation process. While the results related to digital literacy are negatively associated with digital transformation, no significant relationship exists between security actions and the digital transformation of SMEs. This paper extends the scope of RBV on the digital transformation of SMEs by analyzing various dynamic capabilities of SMEs that have not been included in a sole study. Moreover, the perceptions of SME executives are considered by this research to provide effective solutions for the problems they face in digital transformation. Having a joint venture agreement with well-experienced IT companies, having a network with partner firms, looking for funding opportunities in the EU, participating in some practical training, and providing internships for bachelor students might enable SMEs to hit their targets in digital transformation
A systematic literature review on business cycle approaches: Measurement, nature, duration
No full textResearch background: The business cycle (BC) approaches have found extensive use in economic analysis and forecasting. Especially in the last 40 years, various modern BC models have been proposed and have experienced rapid development. However, there are no recent studies that provide a systematic review of the publications on this topic.
Purpose of the article: This paper aims to comprehensively review publications of BC approaches based on the cause, nature and methods of measurement BC, with the goal of identifying the current research states, research gaps and future trends of BC approaches.
Methods: A systematic literature review of BC approaches is conducted by qualitatively introducing the cause and the nature of BCs and quantitatively analyzing the methods of measurement BCs. We selected 206 articles related to BC approaches from the WoS Core Collection and Google Scholar database, spanning the years 1946 to 2022, for comprehensive statistical and content analysis. The statistical analysis presents the distribution of publication years, the most popular journals and the highly cited publications. The content analysis classifies the selected publications into 6 categories based on methods of measurement BCs, and the theory, technique and applications of each category are analyzed in detail.
Findings & value added: The analysis results indicate that BC approaches have progressively evolved in sophistication and have found widespread application in decomposing trends within economic time series, quantifying the nature of business cycles, and elucidating the causes and transmission mechanisms underlying them. This review paper provides current states, research challenges and future directions in effectively employing BC approaches for empirical study
The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employees’ skills and well-being in global labor markets: A systematic review
No full textResearch background: This article discusses how artificial intelligence (AI) is affecting workers\u27 personal and professional lives, because of many technological disruptions driven by the recent pandemic that are redefining global labor markets.
Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to develop a systematic review of the relevant literature to identify the effects of technological change, especially the adoption of AI in organizations, on employees’ skills (professional dimension) and well-being (personal dimension).
Methods: To implement the research scope, the authors relied on Khan\u27s five-step methodology, which included a PRISMA flowchart with embedded keywords for selecting the appropriate quantitative data for the study. Firstly, 639 scientific papers published between March 2020 to March 2023 (the end of the COVID-19 pandemic according to the WHO) from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were selected. After applying the relevant procedures and techniques, 103 articles were retained, which focused on the professional dimension, while 35 papers were focused on the personal component.
Findings & value added: Evidence has been presented highlighting the difficulties associated with the ongoing requirement for upskilling or reskilling as an adaptive reaction to technological changes. The efforts to counterbalance the skill mismatch impacted employees\u27 well-being in the challenging pandemic times. Although the emphasis on digital skills is widely accepted, our investigation shows that the topic is still not properly developed. The paper\u27s most significant contributions are found in a thorough analysis of how AI affects workers\u27 skills and well-being, highlighting the most representative aspects researched by academic literature due to the recent paradigm changes generated by the COVID-19 pandemic and continuous technological disruptions
Public finance in the era of changing economy in Poland
No full textFinance has always been under close scrutiny. Public finance is considered to play a particularly paramount role in world economies. Public finances are complex phenomena that are subject to assessment both within a given country, but also on the basis of an EU methodology (universal for Member States). The aim of this article is to conduct an extensive research on the significance and the development of public finance in the Polish economy over the years 2010 – 2020. The analysis shows that the statistical reference points to persistent imbalances in Poland’s public finances, which manifest themselves in cyclical public deficits. Overall, both the level of income and expenditure in relation to GDP in Poland is at a moderate level in comparison with many European Union countries. The paper includes a critical analysis of the scientific literature and empirical data. This analysis is considered to be vital from the perspective of economic development of countries